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2 Question & Answer A. From what plant does your product come? Include the common and scientific name The cotton plant (Gossypium) is one of the most common products made from plants( Khan et al., 2020). Commercially, cotton is grown from the most widely cultivated species, Gossypium hirsutum or upland cotton(Shim et al., 2021). The texturally varied and all- purpose fiber surrounding cotton seeds is processed into this ubiquitous element of our daily lives. B. What is the product? What does it do? How do we extract it from the plant? Describe in detail. The cotton plant's primary product is the cotton fiber, upon which textiles are made. Soft, breathable, and absorbent cotton fibers can be used for many textile products. Separating cotton fibers from the plant is generally characterized by a series method. Cotton comes from cotton plants; the protective cotton bolls are cut off first. Second, the seeds are separated from the cotton fibers by ginning. Ginning is the process of mechanically separating the cotton fibers from their seeds. The fibers are then separated, washed, carded, and spun into yarn to be woven or knitted into fabrics that can be used for garments, home furnishings, or several industrial purposes. However, before it is made into the myriad materials in our daily lives, cotton fiber must first be extracted from the cotton plant. C. What is the primary use: medicinal, ceremonial, etc.? Cotton is mainly used to manufacture clothes and fabrics suitable for all segments of society. Cotton is used for many commonly worn items, including T-shirts, jeans, shirts in the clothing area, bed linens, curtains, or towels at home. Because of its softness, breathability, and

3 absorbency, it is widely used in fashion and textile industries. Although cotton is rarely employed for medicinal or ceremonial purposes, it also has applications in other industries. Such uses include medical products such as bandages and surgical dressings; non-woven applications, including cotton pads and wipes, can be formed from the raw material. Furthermore, the cottonseed residues are made into oil for cooking or other industrial purposes. D. Are there commercial fields for the plant? Where? Indeed, commercial areas of cotton planting in the world are very comprehensive. Cotton is cultivated worldwide, and some of the largest producers are China, India, America (the United States), Pakistan, and Brazil (Mollaee et al., 2019). Six of these nations have suitable climates and soil conditions for growing cotton. States such as Texas, Georgia, and Mississippi are the leading cotton producers in the United States. Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh are leading cotton-producing states in India. Commercial production of cotton is based on the fact that demand in world markets can be satisfied by cash crops, and its textile fibers are used industrially for other applications. E. Are there any substitutes for your product? If there is no information, feel free to take an educated guess and support it. Cotton, for example, is a comfortable and economical natural fiber, but it also has synthetic substitutes, which are used in many valuable ways. Synthetic fibers that replace cotton include polyester, nylon, and rayon (artificial silk). Polyester is standard in clothing and household textiles because it is durable and does not wrinkle. Nylon has excellent strength and elasticity, which accounts for its best use in activewear or as hosiery. Rayon is a semi-synthetic fiber made from wood pulp. It is very similar to cotton in comfort and breathability ability. Each

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4 alternative differs from cotton, with specific environmental and application requirements, which can also vary according to personal preference. Even as synthetic fibers have their advantages in specific applications, cotton's natural and biodegradable qualities continue to be unparalleled, ensuring its popularity at heart. F. What is the most fascinating thing you learned about your product? What is most interesting about cotton, however, is its long history and continued popularity in the textile industry. Cotton has been planted and processed for thousands of years, its use having appeared in the history books as early as the Indus Valley civilization or even ancient Egypt (Angelakis et al., 2020). However, with the appearance of synthetic fibers and innovative textiles, many people have tended to stick to cotton for their clothing. Its natural breathability, comfort, and versatility put it at the heart of fashion. Moreover, environmentally friendly and biodegradable cotton also fits in with today's sustainability trends. The timeless appeal of cotton shows a close relationship between human culture and the natural fiber, making it highly important in our world. References

5 Angelakιs, A. N., Zaccaria, D., Krasilnikoff, J., Salgot, M., Bazza, M., Roccaro, P., ... & Fereres, E. (2020). Irrigation of world agricultural lands: Evolution through the millennia. Water , 12 (5), 1285. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051285 Khan, M. A., Wahid, A., Ahmad, M., Tahir, M. T., Ahmed, M., Ahmad, S., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2020). World cotton production and consumption: An overview. Cotton production and uses: Agronomy, crop protection, and postharvest technologies , 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_1 Mollaee, M., Mobli, A., Mutti, N. K., Manalil, S., & Chauhan, B. S. (2019). Challenges and opportunities in cotton production. Cotton production , 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119385523.ch18 Shim, J., Bandillo, N. B., & Angeles-Shim, R. B. (2021). Finding needles in a haystack: Using geo-references to enhance the selection and utilization of landraces in breeding for climate-resilient cultivars of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plants , 10 (7), 1300. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071300

Question and Answer.edited

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