Laboratory 6_ Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet

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MCPHS University *

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PHY-274L

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet Name_____________________________________ Date__________ Assignment Submission Directions: Download this assignment sheet and complete by answering all questions. You will need to access the simulations website in order to complete the labs. When completed, save your work and upload the document to the Assignment Upload for graded submission. 50 points . Items in red font require submission into a pre-populated text box shown as Click here to enter text. (Note: you do not need to fill this one in, for directions purposes only.) Learning Goals As a result of this activity students will be able to: Predict how current will change when resistance of the circuit is fixed and voltage is varied. Predict how current will change when voltage of the circuit is fixed and resistance is varied. Background Ohm's Law is one of the most fundamental and important laws governing electrical and electronic circuits. It relates current, voltage and resistance for a linear device, such that if two are known, the third can be calculated. With current, voltage and resistance being three of the major circuit quantities, this means that Ohm's Law is also immensely important. Ohm's Law is used within all branches of electrical and electronic science. It is used for calculating the value of resistors required in circuits, and it can also be used for determining the current flowing in a circuit where the voltage can be measured easily across a known resistor, but more than this, Ohm's Law is used in a vast number of calculations in all forms of electrical and electronic circuit- in fact anywhere that current flows. Ohm's Law describes the way current flows through a material when different levels of voltage are applied. Some materials like electrical wires present little resistance to the current flow and this type of material is called a conductor. Hence if this conductor is placed directly across a battery for example, a lot of current would flow. In other instances another material may impede the flow of current, but still allow some though. In electrical circuits, these components are often called resistors. Yet other materials let virtually no current through and these materials are called insulators. Ohm's Law definition Ohm's Law states that the current flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied potential difference and inversely proportional to the resistance in the circuit. In this mathematical relationship the unit of resistance is measured in Ohms. Ohm's law can be expressed in a mathematical form: V=IR Where: V = voltage expressed in Volts I = current expressed in Amps R = resistance expressed in Ohms Laboratory Activity Part 1: Simulation Orientation
Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet You can clear and reset your screen by clicking the orange round arrow on the lower right side of the screen. After you complete part 1, reset your screen to have a fresh simulation page. 1. Play with the simulation (Ohm’s Law) and get oriented with all of the different options. This should help you understand how to engage the simulation. Locate the current output box for use in the lab. You can adjust the following controls: Voltage Resistance 2. Identify any variables in the simulation that can be changed and describe them below. Click here to enter text. 3. What happens when you only change the voltage control? Click here to enter text. 4. What happens when you only change the resistance control? Click here to enter text. 5. What happens to the value of the current (I) when the value of the resistance (R) increases? Click here to enter text. 6. What happens to the value of the current (I) when the value of the voltage (V) increases? Click here to enter text. 7. What do the red arrows mean as they change their appearance? Click here to enter text. Part 2: Ohm’s Law Load the simulation.
Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet You can clear and reset your screen by clicking the orange round arrow on the lower right side of the screen. After you complete part 1, reset your screen to have a fresh simulation page. Locate the current output box for use in the lab. You can adjust the following controls: Voltage Resistance 8. Set the resistance constant to 500 . Change the value of the voltage according to table 1 and record the corresponding value of the current. Voltage (V) Current (A) 2 Click here to enter text. 4 Click here to enter text. 5 Click here to enter text. 6 Click here to enter text. 8 Click here to enter text. 9 Click here to enter text. 9. Move the resistance slider to about 406 V. Keep the voltage set at this value. Do not move the slider again for this part of the experiment. Move the slider to 0.5 V. Record the current in mA in the Data Table below. Voltage (V) Current (A) 0.5 Click here to enter text. 1.0 Click here to enter text. 1.5 Click here to enter text. 2.0 Click here to enter text. 2.5 Click here to enter text. 3.0 Click here to enter text. 3.5 Click here to enter text.
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Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet You will need to create a graph using statistical software. Here you can view a video on creating a scatter plot in Google Sheets or Excel . You can clear and reset your screen by clicking the orange round arrow on the lower right side of the screen. After you complete part 2, reset your screen to have a fresh simulation page. 4.0 Click here to enter text. 4.5 Click here to enter text. 5.0 Click here to enter text. 5.5 Click here to enter text. 6.0 Click here to enter text. 6.5 Click here to enter text. 7.0 Click here to enter text. 7.5 Click here to enter text. 8.0 Click here to enter text. 8.5 Click here to enter text. 9.0 Click here to enter text. 10. Use Excel or Google Sheets to create a scatter plot of your data and include a trendline . Plot current on the Y axis and plot Voltage on the x-axis. Here you can view a video on creating a scatter plot in Google Sheets or Excel . Insert Graph Here Using the graphing software determine the trend line equation and the slope of the line: Click here to enter text. 11. What does the slope of your trendline represent? Click here to enter text. 12. As the voltage across a resistor is increased, what happens to the resistance of the resistor? Click here to enter text. 13. Describe the relation between each of the following quantities (directly proportional or inversely proportional): Voltage and current Click here to enter text. Resistance and current Click here to enter text. Voltage and resistance Click here to enter text.
Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet Ohm’s law, discovered and named after Georg Ohm, states the relationship between voltage, current and resistance of a conductor. This is important in designing electrical and electronic circuits in order ensure that the voltages and currents in the components stay within specs. Just about any component that is capable of carrying a current is considered to be a conductor, it’s just a matter of whether the conductor is Ohmic or not. The main difference between an Ohmic and a non-Ohmic conductor is whether they follow Ohm’s law. An Ohmic conductor would have a linear relationship between the current and the voltage. With non-Ohmic conductors, the relationship is not linear. A good example of an Ohmic conductor is the resistor. The voltage drop across a resistor is directly correlated to the current that is flowing through it. But, this is only true when the resistor is kept within the temperature range that it is rated for. As more current flows through a resistor, it generates more and more heat. This heat, when it becomes excessive, can cause the resistor to become non-Ohmic and the resistance would also increase. Even ordinary wires are also considered as Ohmic conductors. Ordinary wires still have resistance but are often designed to be extremely low to minimize losses. Non-Ohmic conductors do not follow Ohm's law and have their own characteristics. There are a number of examples of non-Ohmic conductors; including bulb filaments and semiconductors like diodes and transistors. Let’s take the diode. A diode provides a near constant voltage drop even if you vary the current, so it does not follow Ohm’s law. The opposite happens in a light bulb filament; even as you increase the voltage significantly, it only allows a certain amount of current to pass through. Part 3: Ohmic versus Non-Ohmic Conductors 14. Consider the table below that shows voltage and current data for two different electrical devices. To do so, create a scatter plot graphing Voltage (V) versus Current in Device 1 and Current in Device 2 using the data below. Here you can view a video on creating a scatter plot in Google Sheets or Excel . Voltage applied to device (V) Current in Device 1 (A) Current in Device 2 (A) 1.00 0.123 0.123 2.00 0.249 0.250 3.00 0.365 0.389 4.00 0.486 0.545 5.00 0.621 0.701 6.00 0.745 0.909 7.00 0.854 1.230 8.00 0.984 1.550 9.00 1.102 1.719 10.0 1.241 1.747 Insert Graph Here Device 1: Using the graphing software determine the trend line equation and the slope of the line: Click here to enter text.
Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet Device 2: Using the graphing software determine the trend line equation and the slope of the line: Click here to enter text. 15. Which of the devices obeys Ohm's Law? Click here to enter text. 16. Describe how you determine which device obeys Ohm’s Law. Click here to enter text. Part 4: Circuits Diagrams and Applications Click here to enter text. 17. Calculate the current in this circuit: __________ A Click here to enter text. 18. Calculate the voltage in this circuit:__________ V
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Laboratory 6: Ohm's Law Assignment Sheet End of laboratory. Once completed save and upload your work to the assignment upload space on Blackboard. Click here to enter text. 19. Calculate the resistance of this resistor: _________ 20. Using the simulation, describe how you can achieve the greatest voltage possible. Click here to enter text. 21. What is the resistance of a resistor if the current going through it is 2A and the voltage across it is 10V? Click here to enter text. 22. What is the voltage across a resistor with a resistance of 10 Ω that has a current of 20A going through it? Click here to enter text. 23. What is the current through a resistor if the resistor has a resistance of 40 Ω and the voltage across the resistor is 60V? Click here to enter text. 24. If the current through a 10 Ω resistor is 6A, what is the voltage across the resistor? Click here to enter text. 25. In summary, describe Ohm’s Law using your own words. Click here to enter text.