CHAPTER 4-lab4

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Apr 3, 2024

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Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed Chapter 4 How Antennas Work Lab 4-1 Gain and Loss Objectives This lab is designed to help you understand one of the more critical aspects of radio frequency transmissions, the power with which a signal is transmitted. By learning how signal power is measured and calculated, using simple mathematical formulas, you will be better prepared to install and support a wireless data communications system. After completing this lab, you will be able to:  Describe gain and loss in a radio frequency signal  Calculate the amount of gain and loss and how it can affect RF signals Materials Required  Pen or pencil Estimated completion time: 30 minutes Activity 1. As you know, even when using a pocket calculator or the MS-Windows calculator, reading, writing or typing very small or very large numbers is difficult and error prone. As an example, try to perform the following calculation, without using scientific or engineering notation: 0.000000003 + 0.000000065 = 0.000000068 Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 1 March 2024

Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed 2. As you have already learned, using decibels allows us to simplify calculations but also enables us to use different types of values in the same calculations without first having to convert these values to the same unit of measurement. Let’s practice a little by converting a few signal measurements to their equivalent in Watts using the rule of 10’s and 3’s, NOT a calculator and formula: Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 2 March 2024

Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed If an RF signal has a strength of 6 dBm, what is the value for the absolute power of this signal? _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.9811 mW _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ What happens when we feed the signal above through the amplifier circuit below? Show the output value in dBm and in Watts. Pout = 7.9433 mW (9 dbm) 3. As you know, several types of passive components can affect the signal and result in a loss. Look at the circuit below and fill in the dotted lines with the resulting amount of power in milliwatts, at the different points in the circuit. Use the rule of 10’s and 3’s, Do NOT use a formula and calcluator to arrive at the answer. a)1000 mW b) 250m W Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 3 March 2024

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Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed Lab 4-2 Identifying Antennas Objectives This lab designed to help you become more familiar with the different types, sizes and shapes of antennas. After completing this lab, you will be able to:  More accurately identify the different types, sizes and shapes of antennas  Identify the main application for different types of antennas Materials Required  Pen or pencil  Sample antennas (to be deployed in the lab by the instructor) Estimated completion time: 60 minutes Activity 1. Identify the different antennas laid out for demonstration in the lab by type, size, and shape. Fill in the table below by antenna number, and its corresponding characteristic. If there are fewer antennas, leave the last ones blank, but always match the number that is on the antenna. No. Type/Generic Name Directional or Omnidirectional? RF Link Type: Point-to-Point or Point-to-Multipoint? 1 Yagi Directional PTP 2 High gain omnidirectional PTMP 3 VHF UHF Amplified TV Antenna omnidirectional PTMP 4 Parabolic dish antenna Directional PTP 5 Square iridium antenna Directional PTP 6 Magnetic mount omnidirectional PTMP 7 Blister omnidirectional PTMP Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 4 March 2024

Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed 8 Common dipole antenna Directional PTP 9 Cellular antenna omnidirectional PTMP 10 Smart antenna Directional PTP Lab 4-3 Antenna Systems Objectives This lab is intended to challenge the knowledge and understanding that you have acquired about antennas. After completing this lab, you should be able to:  Describe the type of antenna system best suited to the application  Select the best type of antenna for a variety of applications Materials Required  Pen or pencil  The diagrams below Estimated completion time: 30 minutes Activity 1. Using the diagrams below, decide which type of antenna to use and draw the antenna(s) in the correct position and orientation for the different locations and type of link. Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 5 March 2024

Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 6 March 2024

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Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed Review Questions Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 7 March 2024

Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed 1. For Example 1 above, what type of antenna would you install in the Wireless ISP building? Omnidirectional 2. What was your rationale for selecting this type of antenna for the Wireless ISP building? Because it’s not concentrated, that means all clients can have access to it in all directions 3. Which is the best type of antenna for the customer locations in the Example 1? Why? Directional, because it fixed. And it’s designed to receive a signal in a fixed way 4. What type(s) of antenna(s) did you select for Example 2? Both omnidirectional Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 8 March 2024

Chapter 4 Lab Manual for Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications 2ed 5. What was your rationale for selecting the type(s) of antenna(s) for Example 2? One directional and one omnidirectional would’ve been better, if there were no trees. But because of the trees I went for omnidirectional. Otherwise, the signal will be blocked by the trees Jorge Olenewa Page 4 - 9 March 2024

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