Lab 203 Electric Potential and Electric Field

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New Jersey Institute Of Technology *

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121A

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Lab 203: Electric Potential and Electric Field Group ID: 6 Date of Experiment: 10/12/2021 Date of Report Submission: 10/19/2021 Phys 121A 001 Instructor: Sandun Amarasinghe 1. Introduction 1.1 Objectives - Using MATLAB, calculate the electric potential and further the electric field due to three different charge configurations. Draw a contour and surface plots of the electric potential. Also draw the electric field and field lines; - For these three different charge configurations, experimentally measure the electric potential and find the equipotential lines and further draw the electric field lines; - For the two line charge configuration, experimentally calculate the electric field by the actual measured electric potential and plotting the graph of electric potential vs. position. 1.2 Theoretical Background - The goal of this lab is to learn and be able to show electric potential and its relationship with electric fields. By using MATLAB we can visualize the electric potential and electric fields in different charge configurations. We are also to draw a sketch with the Electric Field Mapping Apparatus shown below to plot the contour, surface, and vector field plots.
2. Experimental Procedure An Electric Field Mapping Apparatus consisting of a field mapping board, a U-shaped probe (wand), three Field plates including Two-Points, Parallel Plate and Point-Plate templates and two Plastic templates, a DC Power Supply, a Voltmeter, Red and Black Leads, Graph papers, and a Flexible Curve.
Setup correctly and it should look like this: Multimete r To measure electric potential difference in order to find equipotential points Turn switch to DC voltmeter Turn- switch Common ground port Port for voltage, resistance, capacitance, diode measurement Common ground Power switch knob Regulate variable voltage output Variable voltage output port Fixed voltage output ports (+5, +12 and -12 V)
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A. Two point charge configuration code
B. Point-line charge configuration code
C. Two parallel-line charge configuration code
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3. Results
3.1 Experimental Data A. Drawn: Result of MATLAB code A:
B.
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Drawn: Result of MATLAB code B:
C.
Drawn: Result of MATLAB code C:
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3.2 Calculation No calculations were made in these lab experiments. 4. Analysis and Discussion Analysis: - Through the use of the MATLAB we were able to input the data that we want to display regarding electric potential at distances away from the point charges as well as how the electric fields look like in shape. The direction that the electric field is travelling as we had a positive and a negative charge in order to measure electric potential between two point charges. Questions:
1. Is it possible for two different equipotential lines or two electric force lines to cross? Explain. - No, it is not possible for two different lines to cross. Equipotential lines are made by joining points that have constant voltage; were they to intersect there would be two values of electric potential at the point they intersected. Two electric force lines also cannot cross because each point only has one net electric force. Lines of force will always meet at the source of the charge. 2. Explain, with the aid of a diagram, why lines of electric force must be at right angles to equipotential lines. - Lines of electric force must be at right angles to equipotential lines because the force is perpendicular to the lines and have the same potential. Therefore, no work is done to move charges within those lines. 3. In the region between two line charges, what is the direction of the electric field? Is the electric field uniform? - The electric field charge is pointing from the highest/positive line charge towards the lowest/negative. The electric field is not uniform because it is not the same in all points. 4. Compare your MATLAB simulation results with your experimental results, are they similar? - Yes, the results between the MATLAB simulation and experimental results are similar. The direction, position, and curvature of the equipotential lines shows to be very close with one another. 5. Conclusions
- In these experiments we learned about the different charge configurations and how to visually portray them both by hand and by MATLAB. Different charge configurations including two point charges, point-line charges, and two parallel-line charges. Two different equipotential lines or two electric force lines are unable to cross with each other and e lectric field lines must be perpendicular to equipotential lines.
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