Postlab 2

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Texas A&M University *

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326

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 2: Design of a Three-Stage BJT Amplifier Course: ECEN 326-501 Name: Parth Grover UIN: 631003546 Introduction The lab consisted of designing a 3-stage amplifier. The first stage was a common-emitter amplifier, followed by a common-base stage, and finally an emitter followed as the final stage. Procedure The circuit was made referring to Figure 1 in the lab manual for lab 2. After building the circuit, dc values were measured for each of the transistors and then finally some ac values were also measured. These values will be reported in the measurements section. Design Method To design the circuit, I first calculated the Iq current. Since Ic3 = Iq, I then calculated the Af and Ri3 using the equations 3 and 4 from the lab manual. Following this I chose Ve1 and Ve2 values from equation 7. Calculated Vx from equation 13, k using (Ve1+0.7)/Vcc, and chose N=10. Determine the minimum and maximum Rc values and chose a reasonable resistance. Used this resistance to find Ic2 which is also equal to Ic1. Moreover, Rb, Re, and Rg were calculated using the given equations. Chose Ve4 from the given conditions and finally found the remaining resistor values using equation 19 and 20. Measurements DC values for transistors: Transistors Variables Calculated Simulated Measured Q1 Ic1 1.051 mA 0.859 mA 1.025 mA Vc1 N/A 1.300 V 1.338 V Vb1 N/A 1.528 V 1.359 V Ve1 1 V 0.866 V 0.890 V Q2 Ic2 1.051 mA 0.853 mA 0.942 mA Vc2 N/A 3.315 V 3.305 V Vb2 N/A 1.961 V 1.860 V Ve2 1.3 V 1.300 V 1.261 V Q3 Ic3 15 mA 13.471 mA 13.972 mA Vc3 5 V 5.000 V 4.800 V Vb3 N/A 3.315 V 3.328 V Ve3 N/A 2.577 V 3.866 V Q4 Ic4 15 mA 13.553 mA 13.943 mA Vc4 N/A 2.577 V 3.836 V
Vb4 N/A 1.378 V 1.362 V Ve4 0.5 V 0.640 V 0.602 V AC values: Variables Calculated Simulated Measured Av 30V/V 29.5 dB = 30.03 V/V 28.86 dB = 27.73 V/V Maximum unclipped output voltage 1.5 V 1.339 V 1.14 V Rin ≥ 3 kΩ 4.4182 k Ω 5.837 kΩ THD N/A 16 mV 30.6 mVpp = 15.3 mV Isupply ≤ 20 mA 281.78 mA 15.237 mA Following are the pictures from measured values during the lab: Figure 1: Q1 Vc1 Figure 2 Q1 Vb1 Figure 3: Q1 Ve1 Figure 4: Q2 Vc2 Figure 5: Q2 Vb2 Figure 6: Q2 Ve2 Figure 7: Q3 Vc3 Figure 8: Q3 Vb3 Figure 9: Q3 Ve3 Figure 10: Q4 Vc4 Figure 11: Q4 Vb4 Figure 12: Q4 Ve4 Figure 13: Av gain Figure 14: Maximum un-clipped output signal amplitude Figure 15: Rin gain (Rtest = 4.7k) Figure 16: Input signal amplitude resulting in 5% THD
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Simulated Discussion All of the measured values almost matched up with my simulation values except for the simulated Isupply and the measured Ve3 and Vc4 values. For Isupply, I realized I placed the probe wrong on the simulation. Therefore, it gave a very large current. However, while measuring in the lab, my value was less than what was desired which is good. For the DC values, they were offset by a large amount, this could have been resulted from me either placing the
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probe at the wrong pin or not using the right resistor value while building the circuit. However, this did not affect much of my data as everything else seemed to match and work as intended.

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