Postlab 4

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Texas A&M University *

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325

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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ECEN 325- Section 512 Lab 4 - Operational Amplifiers - Part 2 Lab Members: Tushar Oomman (531004033), Parth Grover (631003546) TA: Sravanthi Ratna Jyothi Bysani Date Lab Performed: 09/27/2023 Due Date: 10/03/2023
Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to study some of the more advanced op amps circuits which are found in real world applications. The circuits studied were summing, differential, and instrumentation amplifiers. Introduction: In the pre-lab section of the lab, we calculated various resistor values for the summing, differential, and instrumentation amplifier circuits. Later, we also calculated the output voltage of each of the op amp configurations given Vi1 and Vi2. Simulation data was also collected which confirmed the resistor values calculated gave us the right output values by checking the time-domain waveform using the transient simulation. During the lab, for the summing amplifier, we built the circuit and obtained the time-domain waveform from the oscilloscope. We were also able to find the voltage amplitude for Vi2 where the output voltage started to clip. After this, we built the differential amplifier with the simulated component values. We obtained the time-domain waveform from the oscilloscope. Continuing on, we connected the Vi2 to ground and calculated the differential-mode gain (ADM) by dividing Vo/Vi. Subsequently, we grounded Vi1 and found out the value for the common-mode gain (ACM) by dividing Vo/Vi. Finally, using calculated ADM and ACM, we found common mode rejection rate (CMRR) by dividing ADM/ACM. Lastly, we built the instrumentation amplifier by using the simulated component values. The time-domain waveforms were obtained by using the oscilloscope. The time domain waveforms were confirmed to be right by checking their min and max values and comparing them with the min-max voltage from the output voltage calculated in the pre-lab. Measurements: Calculated Simulated Measured Summing Amplifier Vi2 before clipping N/A N/A 1.4V Vi2 after clipping N/A N/A 1.5V Vo=-(Vi1 + 2Vi2)= when Vi1 = max of 0.2 And Vi2 = 0.3 -0.8 - 0.8 -0.85 Differential Amplifier 𝐴 ?𝑀 N/A N/A 230mV/210mV = 1 approx. 𝐴 ?𝑀 N/A N/A -10.25mV/0.4mV =
-25.625 CMRR N/A N/A -0.039024 V0 = Vi2 - Vi1 When Vi1 = max of 0.2 And Vi2 = 0.3 0.3-0.2 = 0.1 0.1 0.06 Instrumentational Amplifier V0 = 3(Vi2 - Vi1) When Vi1 = max of 0.2 And Vi2 = 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.23
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Figure 1: Summing amplifier input voltage (yellow) and output voltage (green)
Figure 2: Summing amplifier output before clipping (Vi2 amplitude = 1.4V)
Figure 3: Summing amplifier output after clipping (Vi2 amplitude = 1.5V)
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Figure 4: Differential amplifier input voltage (yellow) and output voltage (green)
Figure 5: Differential amplifier Differential-mode gain (Adm) = 1
Figure 6: Differential amplifier Common-mode gain(Acm) = (-10.25/0.4) = -25.625
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Figure 7: Instrumentation amplifier min-max output Discussion: The results from this lab were quite in line with what we expected for the most part. The output waves for the Summing amplifier, the differential amplifier, and the instrumentation amplifier matched our calculated and simulated values with some slight variation due to the measured values not having a truly ideal op-amp. We calculated our differential-mode gain to be around 1 and our common-mode gain to be -25.625. This meant that our CMRR was very low at -0.039024 V/V. We checked with the TA and that value was said to be acceptable. This does not match the general CMRR values for an op-amp but that could be due to human error when finding the common-mode gain.