### Operational Amplifier Circuit for Measuring Current**4. Overview:**A current measuring operational amplifier is configured by connecting a resistor across the inverting terminal (pin 2) and the output terminal (pin 6). The noninverting terminal is connected to ground.**a. Task:**- **Sketch and Design:** - Draw the circuit diagram for measuring current. - Identify the appropriate resistor to convert a current of 1.0 picoamperes (1.0 × 10^-12 A) to a voltage of 0.010 V. - Note: This calculation is straightforward; avoid overthinking.**b. Circuit Analysis:**- **Challenges with Part a:** - Finding a resistor with the precise resistance needed is challenging. - Operational amplifier input terminals do not exhibit infinite resistance: - Example: A 741 op-amp may have input terminal resistance in the range of a few MOhms. - The implication of limited resistance: - Reduced resistance results in higher current flow into the op-amp. - Potential output skew due to an op-amp bias current exceeding the measured current.- **Alternative Solution:** - A more efficient circuit for high amplification is provided below.**Graph/Diagram Description:**- **Circuit Description:** - Three resistors are connected in the following configuration: - Two 10.0 MOhm resistors in parallel paths, one on each side of a central 1000 Ohm resistor. - The current "i" enters through the circuit's input into the operational amplifier, which is depicted in standard op-amp symbol. - The output voltage \( V_o \) is marked at the right end of the circuit diagram.**Problem to Solve:**- Determine \( V_o \) for a current of 1.0 picoamperes (pA).- Calculate the voltage at the junction where the three resistors intersect.- Evaluate the absolute value of the output voltage, disregarding directionality (negative or positive). - **Hint:** Methodically calculate the voltage at the node where the three resistors converge and document your work.This example provides insight into the practical applications and challenges of using operational amplifiers for precise current measurement in electrical engineering.

A current measuring operational amplifier is created by connecting a resistor to the inverting and…

4. A current measuring operational amplifier is made by bridging a resistor across the inverting terminal (pin 2) and the output terminal (pin 6). The noninverting terminal is grounded. a. b. Draw a sketch of the current measuring circuit. Determine an appropriate resistor for converting a current of 1.0 picoamperes (1.0 × 10¹2 A) to a voltage of 0.010 V. (The math for this question is very easy, don't overthink this question. There are a few reasons that circuit you drew in part a will not be effective First you will have a difficult time

4. A current measuring operational amplifier is made by bridging a resistor across the inverting terminal (pin 2) and the output terminal (pin 6). The noninverting terminal is grounded. a. b. Draw a sketch of the current measuring circuit. Determine an appropriate resistor for converting a current of 1.0 picoamperes (1.0 × 10¹2 A) to a voltage of 0.010 V. (The math for this question is very easy, don't overthink this question. There are a few reasons that circuit you drew in part a will not be effective First you will have a difficult time

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)

13th Edition

ISBN:9780133923605

Author:Robert L. Boylestad

Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Operational Amplifier

An operational amplifier also called op amp is an integrated circuit or analog circuit that takes input as a differential voltage and produces output as a single-ended voltage. It is an IC that can amplify weak electric signals.An op amp has one output pin and two input pins. The basic role of an opamp is to amplify the voltage difference between the two input voltages. It is also used in filtering or to perform mathematical operations or in signal conditioning.

Question

### Operational Amplifier Circuit for Measuring Current

**4. Overview:**
A current measuring operational amplifier is configured by connecting a resistor across the inverting terminal (pin 2) and the output terminal (pin 6). The noninverting terminal is connected to ground.

**a. Task:**
- **Sketch and Design:**
- Draw the circuit diagram for measuring current.
- Identify the appropriate resistor to convert a current of 1.0 picoamperes (1.0 × 10^-12 A) to a voltage of 0.010 V.
- Note: This calculation is straightforward; avoid overthinking.

**b. Circuit Analysis:**
- **Challenges with Part a:**
- Finding a resistor with the precise resistance needed is challenging.
- Operational amplifier input terminals do not exhibit infinite resistance:
- Example: A 741 op-amp may have input terminal resistance in the range of a few MOhms.
- The implication of limited resistance:
- Reduced resistance results in higher current flow into the op-amp.
- Potential output skew due to an op-amp bias current exceeding the measured current.
- **Alternative Solution:**
- A more efficient circuit for high amplification is provided below.

**Graph/Diagram Description:**
- **Circuit Description:**
- Three resistors are connected in the following configuration:
- Two 10.0 MOhm resistors in parallel paths, one on each side of a central 1000 Ohm resistor.
- The current "i" enters through the circuit's input into the operational amplifier, which is depicted in standard op-amp symbol.
- The output voltage \( V_o \) is marked at the right end of the circuit diagram.

**Problem to Solve:**
- Determine \( V_o \) for a current of 1.0 picoamperes (pA).
- Calculate the voltage at the junction where the three resistors intersect.
- Evaluate the absolute value of the output voltage, disregarding directionality (negative or positive).
- **Hint:** Methodically calculate the voltage at the node where the three resistors converge and document your work.

This example provides insight into the practical applications and challenges of using operational amplifiers for precise current measurement in electrical engineering.

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