EE242 Report 7

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California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo *

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242

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Uploaded by bengalindo12345

Professor: David McDonald EE 242 Section 05 12:10 pm- 3:00 pm Experiment # 7 Power Factor Correction Group 8 Written By: Kush Patel, Jesus Galindo

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to take a deeper look into two-port networks and their practical applications. A two-port network is a four terminal circuit, whose terminals create an input and output terminal. It is usually referred to as a “blackbox” and its properties are specified by a matrix of values. The practical applications of a two port network include being used in control systems, power systems, filters, transformers, and communications. LAB EQUIPMENT: 1 Agilent 33120A Function Generator (FG) 1 Agilent 34410A Digital Multimeter 1 Agilent 54621A Oscilloscope 1 Inductor Decade Box (Set for 5mH) 2 Resistor Decade Box 2 Capacitor Decade Box 6 Banana-Banana leads 3 BNC-Banana leads

Fig. 1. Z-Parameter Circuit Part 1: - Built: Jesus Galindo - Verified: Kush Patel - Worked the first time: Yes Procedure: 1. With port 2 open (I 2 =0) measure V 1 , V 2 , and I 1 using DMM. 2. Record the following: Variable Magnitude Angle V1 0.781 0 I1 0.08 20 V2 2.243 -87 Table 1. Z-Parameter Circuit 3. Determine Z 11 , Z 21 , G 11 , and G 21

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4. Compare the experimental parameters to those of the prelab. See Table 5 Part 2: - Built: Kush Patel - Verified: Jesus Galindo - Worked the first time: Yes Procedure: Fig. 2 Y-Parameter Circuit 1. With port 2 shorted (V 2 =0) measure I 1 , I 2 , and V 1 using DMM. 2. Record the following: Variable Magnitude Angle V1 3.312 0 I1 0.382 15 I2 0.112 107 Table 2. Y-Parameter Circuit 3. Determine Y 11 , Y 21 , H 11 , and H 21 4. Compare the experimental parameters to those of the prelab.

See Table 5 Part 3: - Built: Jesus Galindo - Verified: Kush Patel - Worked the first time: Yes Procedure: Fig. 3. G-Parameter Circuit 1. With port 1 open (I 1 =0) measure V 1 , V 2 , and I 2 using DMM. 2. Record the following: Variable Magnitude Angle V1 2.224 0 V2 0.785 87 I2 0.0786 107 Table 3. G-Parameter Circuit 3. Determine Z 12 , Z 22 , H 12 , and H 22 4. Compare the experimental parameters to those of the prelab.

See Table 5 Part 4: - Built: Kush Patel - Verified: Jesus Galindo - Worked the first time: Yes Procedure: Fig. 4. H-Parameter Circuit 1. With port 1 shorted (V 1 =0) measure I 1 , I 2 , and V 2 using DMM. 2. Record the following: Variable Magnitude Angle V2 3.613 0 I1 0.0982 107 I2 0.035 15 Table 4. H-Parameter Circuit 3. Determine Y 12 , Y 22 , G 12 , and G 22 4. Compare the experimental parameters to those of the prelab. See Table 5 Final Table:

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Parameter Magnitude Angle Measured Pre-Lab % Error Measured Pre-Lab % Error Z11 9.762 9.458 3.21421019 -20 -19.776 1.13268608 Z12 28.038 30.048 6.68929712 -107 -107.658 0.61119471 Z21 28.038 30.048 6.68929712 -107 -107.658 0.61119471 Z22 9.762 9.458 3.21421019 -20 -19.776 1.13268608 Y11 8.67 9.534 9.06230334 15 15.202 1.32877253 Y12 32.525 30.329 7.24059481 107 107.658 0.61119471 Y21 29.571 30.329 2.49925814 107 107.658 0.61119471 Y22 9.126 9.534 4.27942102 15 15.202 1.32877253 H11 102.376 104.8 2.3129771 -15 -15.27 1.76817289 H12 2.833 3.203 11.5516703 -87 -87.638 0.72799471 H21 3.411 3.203 6.49391196 92 92.362 0.39193608 H22 0.1 0.106 5.66037736 20 19.799 1.01520279 G11 0.102 0.106 3.77358491 20 19.799 1.01520279 G12 3.564 3.203 11.2706837 92 92.362 0.39193608 G21 2.872 3.203 10.3340618 -87 -87.638 0.72799471 G22 103.223 104.8 1.50477099 -15 -15.27 1.76817289 Table 5. Experimental versus Calculated Values I think the differences mostly come from differences in the real versus the calculated values of all the components. There might be some measuring errors, but, for the most part, our values are very similar to the calculated ones. Conclusion: In conclusion, examining two-port networks is very useful in determining output voltages and their relations to their respective input voltages. One thing we had to keep in mind when measuring the values was to measure strategically, as the ground in the oscilloscope is not floating. To combat this we used the Math function on the scope to subtract the known voltages from the total voltage to receive the desired voltage reading.

Write in 3rd person. (Avoid “I”, “We”, etc.). Envision customer reading it. Each Section/Procedure: List; “Build: (Initials) and Verified (Initials)”. Swap roles for each section/procedure. The report should be self-contained and should not refer to diagrams or other data in other documents. Don’t refer to the lab manual or other documents. The reader does not have access to these documents The report should flow, covering each circuit or technical topic in order as you likely did the experiment. Include data and calculations with circuit. DO NOT organize the report by Schematics Section, Calculations Section, and Data Section. See how a text book is organized. Use Engineering Notation vs Scientific Notation. (Powers of 3). Example, mA, uA etc. Use the same numbering scheme as in the lab manual. Everything except for text requires a Name, Number and Description. Example: Figure 1.1, Test setup for measuring propagation delay of a CMOS inverter. List Table X.X, Graph X.X, Figure X.X etc. Make questions visible Graphs need axis labels and units. All waveforms need to be labeled on the graph. Don’t let the reader guess or assume. (ex. Vin?, Vout? Axis labels/units?) ANNOTATE all important parts of a waveform. Non-annotated waveforms

have no value. Show sample calculations whenever calculations done. Comment on data that you know or believe is suspect. Be SPECIFIC with example when describing sources of “error” or differences. Make your lab partners read and agree with the report content. The TEST: Could a student or customer just like you perform the experiment and obtain the same data and draw the same conclusions using only your report. Best practice is not to cut and paste schematics from the lab manual. Use YOUR schematics with instruments labeled on the schematic. LTspice works well for this. Scope data captures need to be with all the scope settings, not processed. Align grounds with major grid lines Set /per division to 1, 2, 5, etc on O-Scope. Not “Fine” with 1.263 volts per division Data MUST be yours. Include a “Take Away Message” for each section. 1-2 sentences. What does the data tell you? What would you want the customer to know?

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