EECS 2300 SUPERPOSITION
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EECS 2300
Electric Circuits I
Spring Semester 2024
Laboratory Experiment
04 Title:
Kirchhoff'S Laws and Superposition
Report Author :
LAKSHMI VENKATESH REVANURU
Lab Partner:
SAI SHARVAN KARANAM
1
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate a complex circuit in order to investigate
Kirchhoff's law.
Two voltage sources and seven resistors are included. While Kirchhoff's current law will be
confirmed by examining currents entering multiple nodes, Kirchhoff's voltage law will be
validated by analyzing different loops. The circuit will be inspected using superposition in the
first two steps, and the calculations will be integrated. Then, the circuit will be analyzed as a
whole, and the data obtained from step 3 and superposition will be compared. According to
superposition,
the
influence
on each individual component of a linear circuit is added
algebraically when all sources are turned on.
CIRCUITS USED
The information from Figure 3 should be equal to the data that were merged from Figures 1
and 2. This is so that the circuit in Figure 3 can have the same values as in Figures 1 and 2,
which do this by using superposition. Superposition asserts that the current or voltage at any
given point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual
contributions made by each independent source when operating alone in any linear circuit with
many sources. One independent source can be chosen to work with, and all other independent
2
voltage sources and independent current sources can then be opened and closed, respectively.
OBSERVATION
Table 1. Superposition
Nominal
value
Measured
value
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Sum of
Figure 1
and 2
%
difference
between
last two
columns
V
1
=15V
V
1,0
=15
V
1,0
=14.99
V
1,0
=0
V
1,0
=14.99
V
1,0
=14.99
0
V
2
=-5V
V
2,0
=0
V
2,0
=0
V
2,0
=-4.998
V
2,0
=-5
V
2,0
=-4.998
0.13
R
1
=1.5K
R
1
=1.5
V
3,1
=-7.62
V
3,1
=-1.82
V
3,1
=-9.5
V
3,1
=-9.5
0
R
2
=1.2K
R
2
=1.18
V
5,3
=-1.5
V
5,3
=0.113
V
5,3
=-1.38
V
5,3
=-1.38
0
R
3
=1.0K
R
3
=0.99
V
4,3
=-3.77
V
4,3
=-1.296
V
4,3
=-5.07
V
4,3
=-5.068
0.05
R
4
=2.2K
R
4
=2.159
V
6,5
=-2.774
V
6,5
=0.207
V
6,5
=-2.56
V
6,5
=-2.067
0.13
R
5
=1.0K
R
5
=0.987
V
4,2
=3.592
V
4,2
=1.88
V
4,2
=5.47
V
4,2
=5.43
0.07
R
6
=2.7K
R
6
=2.7
V
6,4
=-0.47
V
6,4
=1.62
V
6,4
=1.15
V
6,4
=1.15
0
R
7
=2.2K
R
7
=2.16
V
6,0
=3.0
V
6,0
=-1.55
V
6,0
=1.623
V
6,0
=1.627
0.25
I
1
=5 ma
I
1
=1.202
ma
I
1
=6.32
I
1
=6.34
0.03
Power by using superposition across resistor 1 (from nodes 3 to 1):
[(
−
7.624
V
)
2
+
(
−
1.821
V
)
2
] / 1.50 = 40.9 watt
power from node 3 to 1 in figure 3 is
59.28 watt
From these calculations one can see that the superposition cannot be applied to power.
3
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Table 2. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Loop (0,2,4,6,5,3,1,0)
Loop (6,4,3,5,6)
loop (0,2,4,6,0)
V
2,0
= -4.998
-
V
4,2
=5.469
-
V
6,4
=1.148
-
V
5,6
=2.534
V
4,6
=-1.148
V
2,0 =
5
V
3,5
=1.386
V
3,4
=5
V
4,2 =
-5.43
V
1,3
= 9.4333
V
5,3
=-1.388
V
6,4
=-1.14
V
0,1
=-14.973
V
6,5
=-2.567
V
6,0
=1.623
ΣV
n,m
=-0.001
ΣV
n,m
=-0.032
ΣV
n,m
=0
% error 0.007
% error
1.25
% error 0
4
Table 3: Kirchhoff’s Current Law
Currents at Node 3 (mA)
Current In
V
(1,3)
/R
1
-6.3
Current Out
V
(3,5)
/R
2
1.15
Current Out
V
(3,4)
/R
3
5.06
This demonstrates that in this experiment, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law held true. According to
Kirchhoff's voltage law, all closed channels in a circuit have an algebraic total of voltages equal
to zero. From the data in Figure 3, three distinct loops were chosen, and the voltage sum was
calculated. Two of the loops had very small error margins, but one loop turned out to be
precisely zero.
This demonstrates that the experiment upheld Kirchhoff's Current Law. According to
Kirchhoff's current law, all currents flowing into a circuit add up to zero algebraically. The total
currents at node 3, which was chosen as a candidate node, were computed. It was found that the
total currents (current in + current out = 0) are -0.066, very close to zero, suggesting that
Kirchhoff's current law is in effect.
CONCLUSION:
The purpose of this experiment is to use the superposition theorem to analyze a complex
circuit and apply Kirchhoff's law. This objective was accomplished, as shown by the information
and justifications provided in the Discussion. Superposition is a valid theorem that may be used
to investigate a circuit, as the percentage difference data showed. It was shown that power in a
circuit is not subject to superposition. This experiment also illustrated Kirchhoff's laws of
voltage and current.
In summary, linearity in Kirchhoff's Laws and superposition experiments demonstrates the
consistency of these principles in analyzing linear electrical circuits. By adhering to these
principles, engineers can confidently apply Kirchhoff's Laws to a wide range of circuits,
allowing for accurate analysis and design in various electrical engineering applications.
5
sum
-0.67
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- Delmar's Standard Textbook Of ElectricityElectrical EngineeringISBN:9781337900348Author:Stephen L. HermanPublisher:Cengage Learning
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