Lab 4

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Concordia University *

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312

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Report on ELEC 312 Laboratory Experiment #4 Frequency Response of CE and CB Amplifiers
1 OBJECTIVE The goal of the experiment is to observe and analyze the differences between CE and CB amplifiers. Two circuits will be constructed and their frequency responses analyzed. These will also be compared with an LTSpice simulation.
2 RESULTS 2.1 Experimental measurement of common-emitter amplifier
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Figure 1. Common Emitter frequency response Figure 3. Common Emitter Frequency Response Simulation. F low, = 350 Hz, F high = 4.2 MHz
2.2 Experimental measurement of common-base amplifier
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Figure 2. CB amplifier frequency response Figure 3. Common Base frequency response Simulation. F low, = 363 Hz, F high = 4.3 MHz
3 DISCUSSION 1. Comment on the mid-band gains obtained for the CE and CB amplifiers obtained by simulation. If they are very different (more than 10%) explain why? The midband gain for both circuits was 47.7db. Their frequency response was almost identical. This is consistent with theory because through circuit analysis, we can demonstrate that both circuits deliver the same gain with opposite phase shifts. 2. Provide the mid-band gains obtained for the CE and CB amplifiers obtained by lab bench work. If they are very different (more than 10%) explain why? The experimental midband gain of the CE amp was 39db which is more than for the CB amplifier with 32.5db. The difference arises from the lower input impedance of CB amps that leads to a greater gain. 3. Comment on the phase relation of the signals at the output and input for the CE and CB amplifiers (use the lab bench results). The CE amplifier resulted in an output that was 180 o out of phase. The CB amplifier resulted in an output that was in-phase. These results are consistent with the formulas for gain, as well as, the simulation.
4. Do the fH values of the CE and CB amplifiers differ in the lab bench work? If yes, why? The f H of the CE was 286kHz which is drastically less than the simulation at 4.2MHz. The results are similar for CB with 360k experimentally compared to 4.3M simulated. The reason these are so different is because LTSpice does not take into account the internal capacitances of the transistor. These are the primary limiters to high gain at top frequencies. 5. What is the role of the transistor ‘beta’ (hfe) on the values of (i) fL, (ii) fH? Justify by proper analysis. Consider only the CE amplifier. Beta is the current gain of a bjt in active mode. It directly affects the cutoff frequency.
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