Lab 2

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School

Concordia University *

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Course

312

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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5

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Report on ELEC 312 Laboratory Experiment #2 1 OBJECTIVE The goal of the experiment is to further the user’s understanding of CE amplifiers and their frequency response. It will investigate the effect of capacitors in amplifier design. The bandwidth and figure of merit of a CE AMP using a PN2222A bjt transistor will be experimentally determined.
2 RESULTS
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3 DISCUSSION 1- What is the maximun allowable ac output swing in step 3? For the 0.1 uF, the output voltage started to become flat at the through of the ac signal when the input voltage peak-peak reached 150mV. The same happened for the 22uF at around 130mV 2- What is the figure of merit of the amplifier? 0.1uF: Max dB output = 16.9 3db at 13.9 BW = 150kHz - 30Hz = 149.97 kHz A m = 700mV / 100mV = 7 Figure of merit = 7 * 149.97 kHz = 1.05 MHz 22 uF: Max dB output = 26.84 3db at 23.84 BW = 200kHz - 7.5kHz = 192.5kHz A m = 440V / 20mV = 22 Figure of merit = 22 * 192.5 kHz = 4.235 MHz
3- Discuss the influence of the bypass, coupling, internal, and stray capacitances on the frequency response. The coupling capacitors act as a short circuit at high frequency and as an open circuit for lower frequencies. They reduce the gain at low frequencies. The bypass capacitor allows high frequency current to flow through the emitter and increases the gain. The internal capacitances gradually short circuit the legs of the transistor and diminish the output voltage at high frequencies. The stray capacitances reduce the overall gain at higher frequencies. 4- What is the purpose of capacitor’s CC1 and CC2? The coupling capacitors detach the DC biasing from the input & output. Otherwise, the input and output would be drowned out by the DC voltages which are much higher than the signal. 5- In Fig.1 (a) CE = 0.1 μF. This value is changed to 22 μF in step 5. Based on your theoretical knowledge, how do you expect the lower 3 dB to change when CE is increased to 22 μF? By increasing the capacitance, the impedance is lower for the same frequency. This would decrease the open-circuit effect of the capacitors. We could expect the lower cutoff frequency to be lower. Thus have a larger bandwidth. The results support this assumption. The 22uF has a larger bandwidth. 6- Does CE have any effect on upper 3 dB point? C E will behave increasingly like a shot circuit at higher frequencies. This reduces the emitter voltage and R E and increases the gain for high frequencies.