E1 Experiment 3

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University of Central Florida *

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3007

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Electrical Engineering

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Jul 1, 2024

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Experiment II: Laboratory Partners: Roman, Mary Data Extracted Date: 02/13/24 – 02/27/24 Introduction: This experiment was designed with the intentions to teach the basics of transistor biasing and their implementations in building circuits. Equipment:  2N222 Transistors  Multimeter  DC Power Supply  AC Waveform Generator  Oscilloscope  Breadboard Pre-Laboratory Results:

Experimental Procedures: The implementation of experiment III requires the use of a 2N222 transistor to design and build three circuits. The first two designs were prepared in the pre-laboratory. The third part of this experiment required calculating the values for R 1 and R 2 in order to build the circuit. Then according to the designs of the lab manual each circuit was built on a breadboard. Then the first two circuits were tested using the multimeter to find the Q points. The third part required the use of the oscilloscope to measure the Q point. The theoretical results should be similar to the theoretical designs created in Multisim. Calculations & Simulations: Figure Ia: Figure Ia is a simple transistor design using a Voltage Common Collector to power the design. The diagram from the lab manual can be seen below: In finding the theoretical calculations for this circuit the design was simulated in Multisim first. Once tested the theoretical voltage difference results would be found. These results can be seen below:

Figure Ia as designed in Multisim Figure Ib: The next circuit in the lab manual was a simple transistor circuit, but in this circuit two voltage sources were applied. The lab manual and Multisim design can be seen below:

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Figure Ib as designed in Multisim Figure III: Figure III is a transistor circuit that is more complex. As seen in the lab manual design below, this circuit requires the use of AC source, capacitor, and a Voltage Common Collector. To begin designing the circuit, the circuit was tested in Multisim, which can be seen below along with the waveform graph: The design was tested in Multisim to verify the theoretical values of the circuit. The Multisim design and waveform can be seen below:

Figure III as designed in Multisim The theoretical results of Figure III

The results above show how the voltage from Vcc does not change in relation to the AC source present as it enters the collector, but the voltage is affected across the emitter as the AC source proceeds across the base of the transistor. This can also be seen in the waveform pattern found. Plots & Waveforms: Figure Ib: The built design for figure Ib requires the use of two DC sources in a transistor. The one source is acting as a Voltage Common Collector (Vcc). Voltages should be constant at all points of the circuit due to them being DC and the base will cause the voltage to be changed as it enters the base section of the transistor. To test the voltages across the collector to the emitter and the emitter to ground a multimeter must be used. These results can be seen below:

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Figure III: The physically built design for figure III requires finding the values of the R 1 and R 2 resistors, which were shown in the Multisim design. Once these were found the use of building a transistor circuit with a DC and AC source were required. The collector voltage will stay constant, but the emitter value will now change due to the base being connected to an AC source and capacitor. The circuit build can be seen below: To test for the needed values the oscilloscope nodes were placed across the collector, emitter, and the base to test for all three voltage values. The results can be seen below:

Summary: Finally, the experiment was successfully completed by designing all of the circuits required and solving for the missing component values. Understanding of transistors and how to implement them had to be learned in order to know to design the following circuits. What was learned: In this experiment the knowledge and ability to design transistor circuit using DC and AC sources were learned. The information required was the implementation of physically building each type of circuit and the ability to them using a multimeter and the oscilloscope .

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