WK3.1 Global

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Trade Liberalizations and Competition Policies Merger Policies Shemekia Trimiar Bellevue University, Class SCLM466-861N Supply Chain Mgt Financial, Ec. Assignment # 3.1 Global Government Policies Professor Gary Lawson November 25, 2023

1. Reference: Horn, H., & Levinsohn, J. (2001). Merger Policies and Trade Liberalisation. Economic Journal , 111 (470). https://doi-org.ezproxy.bellevue.edu/10.1111/1468-0297.00607 2. Summary: The article discusses the relationship between trade policy on an international level and competition policy domestically, specifically focusing on merger policies. As the global economy becomes more integrated, policymakers are faced with potential conflicts between competition policies. International organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the OECD, and the European Union propose international agreements in competition policies to address this issue. However, the discussion of trade liberalization often focuses on countries promoting their self-interest at the expense of other countries, which is known as beggar-thy- neighbor trade policies. The authors of the article examine empirical studies by other authors and their framework that suggests trade liberalizations can help improve competitive structures. They also draw analogies between the merger policy between states and the government. Additionally, the article explores the setting of national competition policy between two countries in the context of trade gains and losses. The article suggests that GATT, an international agreement, plays a role in the merger policies chosen nationally. The authors investigated a framework that examines how tariffs and export subsidies affect merger policy using linear models. The authors analyzed how international trade affects competition policy incentives assuming free trade. The second analysis was how a home country merger policy interacts with the export subsidy of trading partners, considering that foreign countries will change policies in response to trade liberalizations. The incentive for firms to merge will depend on the impact of the merger policy. The authors suggest that trade liberalization increases the need for merger policies. However, it is the marginal incentives that affect merger policies, not the trade liberalization itself. The article concludes by proposing that

more empirical testing should be conducted to examine the relationship between trade liberalizations and competition policies. 3. Critique: The article provides valuable insights into the complexities of merging global policies. It emphasizes that the government cannot enact or implement policies alone, and that it requires the cooperation of enterprises and alternative policies to create a less competitive global economy. Instead of having a universal standard, it suggests that international governments should work together to complement each other when addressing emerging issues. The article acknowledges the unique challenges and impediments faced by different nations and highlights the need for multiple policies to address them. Ultimately, it stresses the importance of collaboration between the government and enterprises in implementing policies that positively impact the supply chain. 4. Application: Walmart's competition structures, whether brick-and-mortar or e-commerce, are designed to promote competition and remove barriers such as tariffs. The company has a strong focus on expanding into international markets, where competition is even more prevalent. Walmart's aim is to provide consumers with low everyday prices and affordable products and services, and it has been successful in achieving this goal. Walmart's expansion into international markets demonstrates its commitment to developing its trading, rather than being lax. The company has invested heavily in its supply chain, logistics, and distribution networks to ensure that it can deliver products and services efficiently and effectively. This has enabled Walmart to offer competitive prices to consumers, while also maintaining its profitability. I am confident in sharing this information with my colleagues, as it highlights the importance of our processes and policies in providing affordable prices and innovations to consumers. By interconnecting the concepts of competition and affordability, we can maximize the quality of consumer goods and

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services. It is essential that we continue to invest in our supply chain and distribution networks to ensure that we can meet the needs of our consumers, both domestically and internationally.

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