M07-Assignment

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Sacramento City College *

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457

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Computer Science

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Jan 9, 2024

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CISP 457 M07 – Assignment QUESTIONS: 1 – 10 1. List and describe the four primary functional components of a software application. The four primary functional components of a software application are: Data Storage – storage of the system’s data. Data Access Logic – providing access to the system’s data. Application Logic – the system’s processing functions. Presentation Logic – the appearance of the system to the user and the method used to give the system commands. 2. List and describe the three primary hardware components of a system. The three primary hardware components of a system are: Servers – these are the computers that provide shared resources (files, applications, data, etc.) Clients – these are the devices that are used by the end users, usually their PC. Networks – these are the communication structures that enable the clients and servers to exchange messages and information. 3. Explain the client – server architecture. In a client – server – based architecture, the responsibility for the application functions is shared. The client is responsible for the presentation logic, while the server is responsible for the data access and data storage. The application logic may be split between the client and server or may reside on the client or the server. 4. Explain the server – based architecture. In a server – based architecture, the server (generally a large mainframe) performs all four application functions. The clients (“dumb” terminals) enabled users to send and receive messages to and from the server computer. 5. Explain the mobile application architecture. In a mobile application architecture, the clients are responsible for the presentation logic and the application logic. The server is responsible for the data access logic and stores the data. 6. Distinguish between the two – tier, three – tier, and n – tier client – server architectures. The differences in these client-server architectures have to do with the allocation of the various components of the total application between the client and the server(s). In the two tiered form, the server is responsible for the data and the data access logic, and the client handles the application logic and presentation logic. In the three-tiered form, the client handles the presentation logic; one server handles the application logic; and a third server handles the data storage and the data access logic. In an n-tiered client-server form, the client handles the presentation logic; one or more servers handle the application logic; and one or more servers handle the data storage and data access logic.
CISP 457 7. Compare and contrast the server – based and client – server architectures. In a server-based architecture, the server (generally a large mainframe) performs all four application functions. In a client-server architecture, the clients handle the presentation logic, while the server is responsible for data access logic and data storage. The application logic may be allocated entirely to the clients, entirely to the server, or split between the clients and server. 8. What is meant by the term scalable? What is its importance in architecture selection? Scalability is the ability to increase or decrease the storage and processing capacity with ease. This attribute is important to system developers because it may be difficult to accurately predict the demands that exist in a particular computing environment. If the team underestimated demand, it will be easy and relatively inexpensive to increase needed capacity. If the team overestimated demand, it will be easy to reduce the capacity of the system and perhaps make better use of the resources elsewhere. 9. Explain the term virtualization. Virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual device or resource, such as a server or storage device. The term is common when partitioning hard drives and increasing utilization of servers by dividing the devices into smaller units and having them act as separate, stand-alone devices. It is a cost-effective way of sharing resources. 10. Describe cloud computing and how it is impacting architecture choices. Rather than own, manage, and administer their own computing infrastructure, it is possible for companies to access infrastructure, applications, business processes, and personal collaboration services via the Internet, this is termed cloud computing. Cloud computing can be obtained in several different variations, all of which would have an impact on the choice of architecture necessary for a system. They include Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). As the names indicate, cloud computing can be as basic as a software solution or as complicated as an entire infrastructure. Much of this has been made possible with the acceptance of virtualization and ASP. EXERCISE: D – G D. You have been selected to find the best client – server computing architecture for a Web – based order entry system that is being developed for L.L. Bean. Write a short memo that describes to the project manager your reason for selecting an n – tiered architecture. In the memo, give some idea of the different components of the architecture that you would include. To: [Project Manager] From: [Me] Date: [Date] Subject: Selection of N – Tiered Architecture for Web – Based Order Entry System
CISP 457 Dear [Project Manager], I am writing to you about why I opted for an N – tiered architecture for the development of the Web – based order entry system intended for L.L. Bean. In a multi-tier architecture, all the functions are physically and logically separated. These functions include processing, data management, and presentation. This implies that there is a cluster of n machines, and these functions are operated on different machines which is why it’s called n-tier architecture. For order entry system, one can use n-tier architecture described above. An order entry system requires a presentation tier which will include interface for entering order data and displaying query results. This could be hosted as the main server which interacts with the user. Another function that it must provide is to store and process data related to orders, which can be hosted on a cluster or warehouse. A database management system can be used for data operations and another machine can be used for the same. Finally, to make business logic in place use one more machine which does all the backend processing for the order entry system. Best Regards, [Me] E. Think about the system that your university currently uses for career services and pretend that you are in charge of developing a mobile app for students to use to access the system. Describe how you would decide on the architecture and development approach for the new app using the criteria presented in this chapter. What information will you need to find out before you can make an educated comparison of the alternatives? Architectural design is a process for identifying the sub-systems making up a system and the framework for sub-system control and communication. There are a few architectures that can be used for developing applications like Layered (n-tier) architecture, Space- based architecture, Microservices etc. I would decide on the architecture and development approach using the following considerations: o Number of students using the app o High-level functional requirements of the app o Cost of development using each architecture o Developers’ expertise o App maintenance costs o The following information is needed to make an educated comparison of the alternatives: o High-level functional requirements of the app o Cost of development using each architecture
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CISP 457 o Developers’ expertise F. Locate a consumer products company on the Web and read its company description (so that you get a good understanding of the geographic locations of the company). Pretend that the company is about to create a new application to support retail sales over the Web. Create an architecture design that depicts the locations that would include components that support this application. Cinemark Century Arden 14 is a decently – sized theater in the Arden – Arcade area. Their business is huge and Cinemark theaters have multiple outlets open throughout the country. Assuming that they are now going to create a new website where users can play games where they exchange in – game tokens for movie tickets or drinks. Here is the component that is nearby and can help with the project. o Introlligent Inc. 1.6 miles away (Software company with UX & UI Designers) The software needs are: o Database to store user tokens and login information. o User interface for customers o Portal for administrators. o A team to maintain the website. G. Pretend that your mother is a real estate agent and that she has decided to automate her daily tasks by using a laptop computer. Consider her potential hardware and software needs and create a hardware and software specification that describes them. The specification should be developed to help your mother buy her hardware and software on her own. Specifications: o Hardware: At least 8GB of RAM or more 2.5 – 4.2 GHz Processor 500 GB SSD Long Battery Life 13h or more o Software Operating System that she is comfortable with, preferably the latest version with support. Real Estate CRM of her or her firm’s choosing. This will store clients’ information as well as the home information for any listings. Email software of her or her firm’s choosing. Email Marketing tool to automate email marketing. MINICASE #2
CISP 457 My advice to Jerry would be to start by understanding the needs of the sporting goods chain management system. Since there are some preliminary requirements mentioned in his assignment, he should start from there. Ask more questions or conduct interviews to ask for more information if certain aspects of the project are unclear. Look for the most optimized network architecture based on the topology of each store. Once that is done, he needs to search for hardware that would meet the system requirements and network architecture. He should also consider scalability for the future. He must also choose network protocols and technologies that need to be used to connect the stores to the regional servers and corporate headquarters. He should consider redundancy if the network does go offline and develop a disaster recovery plan. Lastly, he needs to establish network security measures to secure the network and the company’s customers PII.

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