6IPv6

pdf

School

DePaul University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

413

Subject

Computer Science

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

pdf

Pages

48

Uploaded by MajorMantisMaster977

Report
IPv6 NET 413 Introduction to LAN Technologies Fall 2023 Dale Buchholz dbuchholz@cdm.depaul.edu College of CDM DePaul University
• The ability to scale networks for future demands requires a limitless supply of IP addresses and improved mobility. • IPv6 combines expanded addressing with a more efficient and feature-rich header. • IPv6 satisfies increasingly complex requirements of hierarchical addressing that IPv4 does not support. • IPv6 and IPv4 are not compatible. • An IPv4-only device (e.g., router, host) will drop an IPv6 packet. • An IPv6-only router will drop an IPv4 packet. Oct. 16, 2023 2 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Explosion of New IP-Enabled Devices • More and more IP-enabled devices are connecting. • Devices include cell phones, consumer products (blue ray players, TVs), etc. • Smart electrical grid will also need IP networks (IoT, IoE) 3 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IP Address Allocation • IPv4/IPv6 address allocation is controlled by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ( www.iana.org ) • For IPv4, IANA allocates “/8 blocks” to Regional IP Registries (RIRs) who control IP address allocation for part of the globe*. The Five RIRs * RIR allocations: http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ipv4-address-space.xml Oct. 16, 2023 4 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
IPv4 Address Exhaustion • The final IPv4 address blocks were allocated by IANA to RIRs on 2/3/2011 . • Individual RIRs are now running out … • http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 5
IPv6 Internet Standard • RFC 1883 – December 1995 – First description of IPv6 basics • RFC 2460 – December 1998 – Full description of IPv6 operations • RFC 8200 – July 2017 (obsoleted 2460) – IPv6 becomes Internet Standard 86 – https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8200 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Addressing Overview • IPv6 increases the number of address bits by a factor of 4, from 32 to 128, providing a very large number of addressable nodes. • 2 32 → 2 128 or 4B*4B*4B*4B = 256 x 10 36 IPv4 = 32 bits 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 IPv6 = 128 bits 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 7 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
IPv6 Address Notation • The 128-bit IPv6 address is written using hexadecimal numbers. • Consists of 8, 16-bit segments separated with colons between each set of four hex digits (16 bits). • Referred to as “ coloned hex” format. • Hex digits are not case sensitive. • The format is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x , where x is a 16- bit hexadecimal field where each x represents four hexadecimal digits, e.g., x = 0x1234 • For example: Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 8 2035:0001:2BC5:0000:0000:087C:0000:000A
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 9
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses • Leading 0s within each set of four hexadecimal digits can be omitted. – 0 9C0 = 9C0 – 0000 = 0 • A pair of colons (“ :: ”) can be used once within an address to represent any number (“a bunch”) of successive 0 s. • These compression techniques are for human readable only!!! – IPv6 addresses are NOT abbreviated in actual packet header fields or other protocol messages or data structures. Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 10
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 11 suppress leading zeroes
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 12 condense zeroes to :: This can only be done once per address!!!
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 13 Addressing Changes • If we used IPv4 dotted decimal notation – 105.220.136.100.255.255.255.255.0.18.128.140.10.255.255 • So IPv6 uses colon hexadecimal notation – 69DC:8864:FFFF:FFFF:0:1280:8C0A:FFFF • With zero compression – FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:B1 becomes FF0C::B1 – IPv4 addresses start with 96 zeroes
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 14
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 15 suppress leading zeroes
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 16 condense zeroes to :: This can only be done once per address!!!
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 17 IPv6 Address Types • Unicast address – Type of IPv6 address that represents a single interface on a device • Multicast address – Type of address in IPv6 that represents multiple interfaces, often on multiple nodes – No Broadcast address • Anycast address – Type of address specified in IPv6 that represents a group of interfaces, any of which can accept a transmission
IPv6 Address Types RFC 4291 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 18 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#page-6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 19 Global Unicast Address (RFC 4291) Global Routing Prefix to be structured hierarchically by RIRs and ISPs. Subnet ID to be structured hierarchically by site administrators. For all unicast addresses, except those that start with the binary value 000, Interface IDs are required to be 64 bits long and to be constructed in Modified EUI-64 format. | n bits | 64-n bits | 64 bits | +-------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+ | global routing prefix | subnet ID | interface ID | +-------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 20 Global Unicast Address (RFC 4291) An example of the resulting format of Global Unicast Address under the 2000::/3 prefix that is currently being delegated by IANA is: | 3 | 45 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits | +-------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+ |001|global routing prefix| subnet ID | interface ID | +-------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+ Global Routing Prefix RIR 2400:0000/12 APNIC 2600:0000/12 ARIN 2800:0000/12 LACNIC 2A00:0000/12 RIPE NCC 2C00:0000/12 AFRINIC
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 21 Interface ID Formats • EUI-64 Mapped IEEE 802 MAC Address • Randomly Generated – To avoid associating MAC with IPv6 some devices (e.g., Windows) generate a random value for IID rather than using EUI-64.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 22 Mapped IEEE 802 MAC Address • 48-bit MAC address: – 24-bit company ID (manufacturer ID or OUI) – 24-bit extension ID (also called the board ID). • Universal/Local (U/L) – 7 th bit of the first byte • 0: IEEE-administered address (globally unique) • 1: locally administered. Network admin assigns address. • Individual/Group (I/G) – 8 th bit of the first byte • 0: unicast address 1: multicast address.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 23 Mapping a MAC address to EUI-64 u bit is flipped This predefined bit pattern is inserted
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
EUI-64 Example – Packet Tracer 24 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Other Address Types Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 25 Unspecified : source address only when a host does not know its own address Loopback address: cannot be used on network
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 26 Link Local: cannot be used beyond current link Multicast: also used for broadcast
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 27 Mapped: IPv6 host wants to send to IPv4-only host through mostly IPv6 region.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Addressing in an Enterprise Network • An IPv6 address consists of two parts: • A subnet prefix representing the network to which the interface is connected. • Usually 64-bits in length. • Contains global routing prefix and subnet ID. • An interface ID , sometimes called a local identifier or a token. • Usually 64-bits in length. IPv6 = 128 bits 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 Subnet prefix Interface ID 28 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Link-Local Address • Used for automatic address configuration, neighbor discovery, router discovery, and by many routing protocols. • Dynamically created using a link-local prefix of FE80::/10 and a 64-bit interface identifier. • Unique only on the link, i.e., not routable off the link. 128 bits FE80 1111 1110 10 00 0000 0000 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 Interface ID /10 FE80::/10 /64 29 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Global Unicast Address • Address structure enables aggregation of routing prefixes to reduce the number of routing table entries in the global routing table. • Global unicast addresses are aggregated upward through organizations and eventually to the ISPs. Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 30
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Global Unicast Address • The global unicast address typically consists of: • A 48-bit global routing prefix • A 16-bit subnet ID • A 64-bit interface ID (typically in EUI-64 bit format discussed later). Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID 2600 001 0 0008 21B:D5FF:FE5B:A408 /12 Registry /32 ISP Prefix /48 Site Prefix /64 Subnet Prefix
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
2620:0:2250:2107:2dba:ea5e:9206:6bae DePaul Network Prefix Subnet Host (Interface ID) Routing Prefix = 64 bits 32 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv4 Header vs. IPv6 Header • The IPv4 header has 20 octets containing 12 basic header fields. • The IPv6 header has 40 octets containing 8 fields. • Three of these fields are identical in nature. • Other fields serve similar functions as in IPv4. • The remaining IPv4 fields no longer exist in IPv6. 33 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Neighbor Discovery (ND) • IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocols provide the following services: – Node Initialization • Router Discovery • Address Autoconfiguration • Parameter Initialization – Link Address Mapping (like IPv4 ARP, RARP) – Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) – Neighbor Unreachability Detection (NUD) – Next Hop Determination (via Redirects) • ND protocols are implemented using ICMPv6. 34 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
ICMPv6 Messages used for ND Table 2-14. NDP at a Glance Message Name Goal ICMP Code Sender Target Router solicitation (RS) Prompt routers to send RA quickly 133 Nodes All routers Router Advertisement (RA) Advertise: Default router On-link prefixes Reachable prefixes Operational parameters 134 Routers Sender of the RS or All nodes Neighbor solicitation (NS) Request the link-layer address of a target node 135 Nodes Solicited node or Target node Neighbor advertisement (NA) Respond to NS and Advertise link-layer address changes 136 Nodes Sender of the NS or All nodes Redirect Inform hosts of a better first hop 137 Routers Host that triggered the redirect Inverse neighbor solicitation (INS) Request an IPv6 address corresponding to a link-layer address 141 Nodes All nodes Inverse neighbor advertisement (INA) Respond to an INS 142 Nodes Sender of the INS 35 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Router Advertisements (RAs) • IPv6 routers send out RA messages periodically ( unsolicited RAs ) and/or in response to a received RS message ( solicited RA ). • RA messages can contain any of the following: – Transmitting router interface address – both IPv6 and link layer – List of IPv6 prefixes for this link (with valid lifetime) – Router Selection Preference value (low, medium, high) used by hosts to select Default Router – Maximum packet size (MTU ) for this link – Bit flags indicating if hosts on this link should: • (a) consult a DHCP server for address configuration (Managed Config bit), or • (b) consult a DHCP server for other configuration information (Other Config bit) – Other reachable IPv6 prefixes through this router – DNS server addresses (RFC 6106, November 2010) – Mobile IPv6 information for this link (covered later) 36 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Router RA configuration • Basic Cisco IOS RA configuration commands – used in interface configuration mode. Some options not shown. – (no) ipv6 nd suppress-ra • Turns RA transmission on (‘no’) or off (default = on) – (no) ipv6 nd prefix <ipv6prefix> • Configures a particular IPv6 address prefix to be advertised – (no) ipv6 nd ra-interval <seconds> • Configures maximum time between unsolicited RA message transmissions. – (no) ipv6 nd managed-config-flag • Configures router to set the Managed Config bit in RA messages, causing hosts to use DHCPv6 for IPv6 address assignment (default = not set). – (no) ipv6 nd other-config-flag • Configures router to set the Other Config bit in RA messages, causing hosts to use DHCPv6 for other IPv6 parameters (default = not set). 37 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Address Configuration • Link-Local Address – All IPv6 hosts automatically generate a link-local address of the form FE80::<Interface ID>. – IPv4 hosts may auto-generate a link-local address from the 169.254.0.0/16 block. • Host IP Configuration (Global/Private IP Address, Default Router, DNS server address, etc.) Options – Manual Configuration (IPv4 or IPv6) • IP configuration parameters may be manually entered and stored on local host. – DHCP Configuration (“Stateful configuration” – IPv4 or IPv6) • Host can contact a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server to obtain IP configuration information. – Stateless Autoconfiguration (IPv6 only) • IPv6 hosts may determine IP configuration information from Router Advertisement (RA) messages sent by local routers. 38 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 2107:0:0:1::10 FE80::10 FE80::1:1 Enterprise network IPv6 Router DNSv6 Server Link 2107:0:0:1::/64 Ethernet Switch Network Prefix = 2107:0:0:1::/64 Gateway IP = FE80::1:1 Link MTU = 1500 bytes Router Solicit Router Solicit Router Adv. 2107:0:0:1::11 FE80::11 FE80::12 Gateway LLA = 00:0c:1a:00:13:ad 2107:0:0:9::1:2 DNS = 2107:0:0:9::1:2 2107:0:0:1::12 Neighbor Solicit 39 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Host Neighbor Discovery • IPv6 hosts learn the IPv6 and Link Layer addresses of on-link routers through RA messages. • But what if one host wishes to transmit to another host (a ‘neighbor’) on the same subnet (link)? – IPv6 address of neighbor host may be determined via DNS lookup. – Link Layer address of neighbor host is determined by sending a Neighbor Solicit (NS) message to the Solicited-Node Multicast address corresponding to the neighbor’s IPv6 address. (like IPv4 ARP) – Neighbor responds with Neighbor Advertisement (NA) message • Hosts can send unsolicited NA if link layer address changes. • NS/NA messages also used for Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) and Neighbor Unreachability Detection (NUD). • Each host keeps Neighbor Cache (like IPv4 ARP cache) with all known Neighbor information for their link. 40 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Neighbor Solicit • Send Neighbor Solicit (NS) using Solicited-Node Multicast Address • Address Format: FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FFXX:XXXX – Where XX:XXXX are last 3 bytes of the IPv6 address of the destination. • To find MAC address for 2001::800:200E:8C6C, send NS to: FF02::1:FF0E:8C6C Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 41
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Mapping IPv6 Multicast Addresses to Multicast MAC Addresses • When sending to IPv6 multicast group, a corresponding multicast Ethernet destination address is set to 33:33:XX:XX:XX:XX where XX:XX:XX:XX is the last 4 octets of the IPv6 multicast address. • Example: FF02::1:FF0E:8C6C maps to the MAC address 33:33:FF:0E:8C:6C • With MLD2* snooping, Ethernet switches will correctly forward multicasts. * IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery v2 – based on IGMPv3. 42 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Neighbor LLA Resolution 2107:0:0:1::10 FE80::10 LLA = 00:4c:22:1e:ce:12 FE80::1:1 Enterprise network IPv6 Router DNSv6 Server Link 2107:0:0:1::/64 Ethernet Switch Neighbor IP = 2107:0:0:1::10 Neighbor LLA = Neighbor Solicit Neighbor Solicit Neighbor Adv. 2107:0:0:1::11 FE80::11 FE80::12 00:4c:22:1e:ce:12 2107:0:0:9::1:2 2107:0:0:1::12 ?? 43 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Example: Neighbor Cache • Win command: netsh interface ipv6 show neighbors 44 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 DNS Services • To support IPv6, Domain Name System (DNS) Servers must: – Store AAAA resource records which store domain names with IPv6 address. – Store PTR resource records that can provide reverse IPv6 name lookups. – Possibly, store NS resource records with IPv6 addresses for IPv6-enabled DNS servers. • However, an IPv4-only DNS server can provide AAAA RRs over IPv4 to a dual-stack host. – Client DNS query will specify whether A or AAAA record is requested. 45 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 vs. IPv4 DNS RRs Table 3-2. IPv6 vs. IPv4 DNS Resource Records IPv4 IPv6 Name to IP Address A Resource Record: www.example.com A 172.18.140.154 AAAA Resource Record: www.example.com AAAA 2001:1:F:1:F:1:F:1 IP Address to Name PTR Resource Record: 154.140.18.172.in-addr.arpa PTR www.example.com PTR Resource Record: 1.0.0.0.F.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.F.0.0.0.1.0.0. 0.F.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa PTR www.example.com 46 Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Routing Table Entries • Components of the IPv6 routing table are very similar to the IPv4 routing table (directly connected interfaces, static routes, and dynamically learned routes). • Each routing table entry has these elements: 1. IPv6 subnet (w/ Network Address and Prefix Length) Example: 2001:AB:7211:A25B::/64 2. Outgoing Interface 3. Next Hop (IPv6 address of next router) 4. Routing Metrics (discussed in NET 463) Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 47
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
IPv6 Route Table R2#show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - default - 7 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, ND - Neighbor Discovery O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 C 2012:10:0:1::/64 [0/0] via Serial0/1/0, directly connected L 2012:10:0:1::1/128 [0/0] via Serial0/1/0, receive O 2012:10:0:2::/64 [110/128] via FE80::216:C8FF:FEED:90D0, Serial0/1/0 O 2012:30:1:1::/64 [110/128] via FE80::216:C8FF:FEED:90D0, Serial0/1/0 C 2012:40:1:1::/64 [0/0] via Loopback0, directly connected L 2012:40:1:1::1/128 [0/0] via Loopback0, receive L FF00::/8 [0/0] via Null0, receive Oct. 16, 2023 NET 413 Intro to LAN Tech 48
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

hw03.pdf
hw05b_blank.pdf
6) Using the Color Brewer (1).pdf
CamScanner 10-11-2023 23.32.pdf
8Routing.pdf
swedfvewfvg.PNG
CP220- LAB5.pdf
Lab3 Instructions NET413 Hints.docx
HW1 NET 413 Fall 2023.docx
7HSRP.pdf
FIOS_Give_one_Get_one.docx
1.PNG
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Systems Architecture
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305080195
Author:Stephen D. Burd
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305971776
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Fundamentals of Information Systems
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337097536
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
A+ Guide to Hardware (Standalone Book) (MindTap C...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305266452
Author:Jean Andrews
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781285867168
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Information Security (MindTap Cours...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337102063
Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Systems Architecture
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305080195
Author:Stephen D. Burd
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305971776
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Fundamentals of Information Systems
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337097536
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
A+ Guide to Hardware (Standalone Book) (MindTap C...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305266452
Author:Jean Andrews
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781285867168
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Information Security (MindTap Cours...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337102063
Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Browse Popular Homework Q&A

Q: Record your own day as a manager, classify according to management functions and manager roles, and…
Q: Write the title of several books related to the antiquities of the city of Samarra, located in Salah…
Q: Simplify the following Boolean expressions using four variables K-M: . F(W, X, Y, Z) = Sigma(0, 2,…
Q: b IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES BY GENDER, 1820-1830 Percentage Year 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824…
Q: Can you show me how to do it? Show me the cross and explanation please. Testing for independent…
Q: Proposition 4.1.2. If ƒ : A → Rn satisfies the lower-Lipschitz condition on E, i.e., if there exists…
Q: Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. O
Q: Lee Werner is general manager of Stoneybrook Salons. During 2024, Werner worked for the company all…
Q: An object with a mass of 60.0 kg is fired with an initial speed of 1.34  102 m/s at an angle of…
Q: Tina, Lou and Lena are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 1:2:2 and have a capital…
Q: How to draw a free body diagram please.
Q: The two power point slides in this activity illustrate gas exchange in the lungs (external…
Q: X1, X2, , nare n independent zero mean Gaussian random variables M] / nis with equal variance o².…
Q: what are the advantages and disadvantages of legalising marijuana?
Q: The kind of Christianity taught to our ancestors (and we have been practicing it till the present)…
Q: The wheel is attached to the spring. The mass of the wheel is m=20 kg. The radius of the wheel is…
Q: What are the leadership qualities of Steve Jobs and bring out how his leadership embodies the…
Q: QUESTION 12 Abeer has a major medical pblicy with a 5200o deductible. She is required to pay 25…
Q: In the process of reconciling its bank statement for April, Donahue Enterprises' accountant compiles…
Q: QUESTION 8 What is an essential characteristic of learning? O Learning involves acquiring new…
Q: Case Study 1: Apple Labour Practices Apple is a highly successful US company makes billions of…
Q: Explain well. Asap
Q: Desmond Desmond makes a single product for which the standard cost card is as follows:     £…
Q: If TC = 288 - 11Q + 2Q2 in perfect competition how much will each individual firm produce in the…
Q: Define a single-issue interest group and provide two examples of such groups. For the toolbar, press…