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RUNNING HEAD: HEUTAGOGY Heutagogy vs Self-directed Learning Tammi S. Beishline American Intercontinental University

RUNNING HEAD: HEUTAGOGY Q: What is heutagogy? A: Heutagogy is a learning approach where the learner takes charge of their own learning and is responsible for their learning outcomes (Blaschke, L., 2012). In heutagogy, learners design, plan, and evaluate their learning experiences. It is also known as self-determined learning, self-regulated learning, or self-directed learning. Heutagogy is a way of learning that focuses on self-directed learning, in which the learner takes charge of his or her own learning and is responsible for the results of that learning. Stewart Hase and Chris Kenyon came up with the word "heutagogy" in 2000. It comes from the Greek word "heutagogos," which means "self-leading." Heutagogy is an extension of self-directed learning that focuses on the development of learner skills, such as the ability to learn how to learn, in a way that is chosen by the learner. Heutagogy applies a holistic approach in developing a learner’s capabilities, with learning being an active and proactive process, and in which learners serve as “the major agent in their own learning, occurring as a result of personal experiences” (Hase & Kenyon, 2007). Q: How is heutagogy different from self-directed learning? A: The heutagogical approach can be viewed as a progression from pedagogy to andragogy to heutagogy, with learners likewise progressing in maturity and autonomy (Canning, 2010). Heutagogy is an extension of self-directed learning that emphasizes the development of learner capabilities, including the ability to learn how to learn, in a self-determined way. Self-directed learning is focused on the process of the learner taking charge of their own learning, whereas heutagogy emphasizes the learner's ability to design, plan, and evaluate their learning experiences. In heutagogy, students are encouraged to find questions and problems to answer for themselves. Students have a voice and a choice in seeking areas of uncertainty and complexity in their subjects of study. Teachers supply context to their learning while also creating opportunities to explore topics fully ( Heutagogy Explained , 2022). Self-directed learning, on the other hand, is a broader term for any learning activity in which the learner takes charge of their own learning. Self-directed learning can be both formal and informal, like taking an online course, reading a book, or doing a hobby. In self-directed learning, it is up to the learner to figure out what they need to learn, set goals, choose learning resources, and evaluate how well they learned.Teachers are viewed as mentors or guides. Students still aim to find solutions to the teacher's tasks independently.

RUNNING HEAD: HEUTAGOGY Q: How does heutagogy relate to constructivist learning theories? A: Heutagogy is closely related to constructivist learning theories, as both emphasize the learner's active participation in the learning process. In heutagogy, the learner is responsible for their learning outcomes and actively constructs their own knowledge and understanding, whereas constructivist learning theories focus on the learner's active participation in constructing their own knowledge and understanding. Heutagogy is underpinned by two key philosophies; humanism and constructivism. Constructivism places the student at the heart of the learning experience. Constructivism is based on the idea that people will construct their own version of reality using knowledge and past experiences and their current experiences. The learner is creative, actively involved in their learning rather than a passive relationship between students and their teachers (TeachThought Staff, 2015). Heutagogy is similar to constructivist learning theories, which stress the importance of the learner's active participation in the learning process. Constructivist learning theories say that students figure out what they know and understand by interacting with their surroundings and the information they are given. Heutagogy is a way of teaching where the learner is in charge of what they learn and actively builds their own knowledge and understanding instead of just passively receiving information (Blaschke, L. 2012). Q: Is heutagogy widely accepted among scholars and in educational and training literature? A: Heutagogy is a relatively new concept and has not yet been widely adopted by scholars and in educational and training literature. However, it is gaining attention as a promising approach to adult education and has been implemented in various educational and training settings. Heutagogy is a fairly new idea that hasn't been widely used by scholars or in books about education and training. But it is getting more attention as a promising way to teach adults, and it has already been used in a number of educational and training settings. Heutagogy isn't used as much as it could be because it requires learners and teachers to switch from their usual roles. This can be hard for some people to accept. Q: What is the process of transitioning from a pedagogical approach to a heutagogical approach to learning? A: The transition involves a three-stage process wherein the learner transitions from pedagogy to heutagogy via andragogy which enables an individual to

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RUNNING HEAD: HEUTAGOGY make unknowns known (Tay, B. 2013). The process of transitioning from a pedagogical approach to a heutagogical approach to learning involves a shift in the role of the learner from passive receiver of information to active participant in the learning process. This shift can be facilitated by providing learners with opportunities to develop their self-directed learning skills and by creating a supportive learning environment that encourages learners to take charge of their learning. It is also important to provide learners with feedback and support as they take on more responsibility for their learning. Changing from a pedagogical to a heutagogical way of learning means that the learner goes from being a passive receiver of information to an active participant in the learning process. This change can be made easier if learners have chances to learn how to learn on their own and if the learning environment is supportive and encourages learners to take charge of their own learning. As learners take on more responsibility for their own learning, it is also important to give them feedback and help. Educators can help students learn how to learn on their own by giving them tools and resources to help them set learning goals, choose learning resources, and evaluate the results of their learning. Educators can also help learners as they take on more responsibility for their own learning. For example, they can give feedback on their learning goals and help them think about what they've learned.

RUNNING HEAD: HEUTAGOGY References Blaschke, Lisa Marie, (January 2012). Heutagogy and Lifelong Learning: A Review of Heutogogical Practice and Self-Determined Learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. HTTPS://files.Eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ979639.pdf Canning, N. (2010). Playing with heutagogy: Exploring strategies to empower mature learners in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 34(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098770903477102 Hase, S. & Kenyon, C., (2007). Heutogogy: A child of complexity theory. Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 4(1), 111-119. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/complicity/index.php/complicity/article/download/8766/7086/20934 Heutagogy Explained: Self-Determined Learning in Education . (April 21, 2022) PowerSchool. https://www.powerschool.com/blog/heutagogy-explained-self-determined-learning-in-education/ #:~:text=For%20andragogical%20oriented%20teaching%2C%20the,paths%2C%20processes%2C%20and %20products Tay, Boon Hou, (2013). Self-Determined Learning. http://daneshnamehicsa.ir/userfiles/file/Manabeh/Self-determined-learning-heutagogy-in- action.pdf#page=192 TeachThought Staff, (October 2015). Shifting from Pedagogy to Heutagogy in Education. TeachThought. https://www.teachthought.com/education/shifting-from-pedagogy-to-heutagogy-in-education/

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