What is emergent literacy development
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Grand Canyon University *
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EN105
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Communications
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Supporting Emergent Literacy Wendy Landry
College of Education- Grand Canyon University ECS-425- Language literacy and communication in Early in Childhood Special Education Professor Rhonda Stephen Due December 17 , 2023 Supporting Emergent Literacy
Introduction From the day a child is born, they notice everything around them, including skills that help them with their speech and language development. Speech and language development is the process when they start to be able to communicate, which is important because they then take those skills to help in the development of literacy. This process is known as emergent literacy, and it continues through the preschool years. In simple terms, emergent literacy is the knowledge and skills children develop before learning to read and write (DeBaryshe, 2023). Emergent literacy has been defined as "
those behaviors shown by very young children as they begin to respond to and approximate reading and writing acts (DeBaryshe, 2023). Really, emergent literacy does not end there, it goes beyond that, it emcompasses listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Children who possess strong verbal language skills have an easier time learning to read and write. There are five stages to emergent literacy, they are alphabetic fluency, words, and patterns, intermediate reading, and advanced reading (Bear, 2022). Parents play the biggest role when it comes to their child's development by providing a safe home, proper nutrition, and rich educational opportunities. They also play a key role in supporting a child's language development, along with caregivers who are with the child daily. Children learn and develop best by listening, interacting, then mimicking their primary caregiver. Parents and caregivers promote language development when they simply talk to their child throughout the day, when they read to them, by singing. If a child does not have strong language skills, it can cause complications with their literacy development, as it serves as a steppingstone for later reading and writing. Having a wide vocabulary helps when the child gets ready to start sounding out words, giving them with a foundation to pick words from when sounding out the words. Language is the ability to use both use and understand spoken words or signs. Literacy is the ability to use and understand written words or other symbols to communicate (Bear, 2022). It is our job as teachers to help our students any way we can, having learning centers in your classroom that promote emergent reading, writing, and listening and speaking will help your student's development. This also helps set them up for their future in education by ensuring they will understand what is being taught and can communicate if they have any questions. Below are some examples of learning centers that promote emergent reading, writing, and listening and speaking. Emergent Reading Your emergent reading center for first graders should be a comfortable area strictly for the love of reading. It should be a place where students can go to practice recognizing their letters and words, open their minds and imagination when reading an enjoyable book, or playing a reading game with their classmates. Barabara Foorman from the university of Texas, Houston Medical School stated, "88% of students whoever was a pour reader in first grade was pour readers in
fourth grade" (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD], 2000,9). As teachers, we need to promote and encourage our students to read, helping them to become successful readers. Students should be provided with the following materials in a reading center; * A well-lit, comfortable seating area with a variety of books suitable for first graders. * Books with large print and colorful pictures that will catch the student's attention. * Alphabet charts and flashcards. * Games that promote reading they could play with their classmates. * Differentiated reading materials to cater to all your students, including those with impairments (have audio of multi books, and books with raised letters). * Tablets or computers that can provide interactive reading. To complete these activities, you should do the following; * Encourage the students to find any book that they think looks interesting and try to read it themselves first, sounding out the words, then if they cannot get it to ask for help. * Have the student find picture books and make up a story that goes along with the pictures. It can also be fun to pair up, and they could take turns producing the story. * Have the kids practice their letter recognition by sitting down and going over some flash cards, they can practice numbers as well. * Have the students get in groups, give them a game that promotes reading and let them have reading with their classmates. * If any child in your class has special needs encourage them to pick a book with raised letters or an audio tape of an interesting books and try to read it, maybe a buddy could sit and read with them and learn to read sign language. * Have students get a tablet and pick a comfortable chair and either pick a book or reading game on the tablet.
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This center promotes emergent reading, and your students will have the opportunity to increase their reading skills. When children are exposed to books, games that are focused on reading, and engage in literacy experiences from an early age, it fosters a love for reading. When teachers provide a positive attitude towards reading it will set a stage for a lifetime habit of seeking knowledge and enjoyment through books. Emergent Writing
Emergent writing means that children begin to understand that writing is a form of communication and learn to make marks on paper convey a message (Mayer, 2007). Children benefit from having multiple opportunities throughout the day to develop fine motor skills and finger dexterity through activities done in a writing center (Mayer, 2007). By having age appropriate writing centers teachers are laying down a foundation for generative knowledge while allowing students to express themselves orally, through painting a picture story or through writing. The writing center should provide students with different opportunities to increase their writing skills and should have certain materials in it such as, * Paper * Crayon, pencils, markers, paint. * Alphabet stencils or tracing cards, cards with raised letters for students with special needs. * Writing board games, and online writing games. * Magnifying tools for students with vision impairments. For students to complete activities in this center they should do the following; * Encourge students to grab paper and a pencil and write a journey about how they feel today. They could write their day started and how it turned out after they got to school. * Students can create a picture that expresses their feelings through a painting that they can do using marker, crayons or paint and construction paper. They could also create a picture book with the construction paper and markers. * Using Alphabet stencils or tracing cards will increase students writing skills by having them practice their letter recognition by tracing the letters and saying what the letter is. Students who have special needs can use the cards with raised edges, they put a paper over it and color the paper over card, they will then be able to feel the letter and say what it is. * Have your students get in groups to play a fun writing games with their classmates, this can be by using a board game or budding up and playing a game on the tablet or computer, this could also be great for students special needs.
The writing center should provide multiple benefits for your students and increase their writing skills while setting them up to be successful throughout their future educational journey. Some of these benefits are progressing to the next stage in the writing process from scribbling and just starting to know and write their letters, to putting letters together to start forming words and sentences, using it as a form of communication. It also allows the students to overcome any obstacles to academic writing they may have. They should be able to go to the center to develop writing ideas, learn how to structure sentences correctly and follow personalized instruction on how improve their writing skills in a fun and interesting way. They should increase their skills by using a wide variety of tools, also allowing the teacher to observe the development of writing that each student poses. Activities can also be completed by students with special needs, if they have hearing impairment they can draw, trace, and still play games. If they have seeing impairments, they can still use the computer to play writing games with their peers by listening and answering they also have magnifying tools to enlarge anything. Emergent Listening and Speaking Emergent listening and speaking is the skills young children learn, so they are able to communicate, read, and write.
As children develop speaking and listening skills it will build the foundations for literacy, for making sense of visual and verbal signs and ultimately for reading and writing (Morrow, 2002). This stage is critical to for a child, it helps them achieve the skills, so they can effective listen and communicate with everyone around them. These skills, are skills they use for the rest of their lives. To promote emergent listening and speaking you will need these items in your class such as; * You can use toys around the class room to pla games like "I'm going on a trip" or "Riding in a boat". * Projector for so the whole class could identify pictures and stories. * Age-appropriate audio book. * Verbal interaction board games, have sign language chart up for other to see, to help students with special needs. * Picture cards that can be put together to make compound words (cards should have the words with raised letter for students with special needs). Some activities that students can do to approve their listening and speaking skills are; * Play "I'm going on a trip", get an empty backpack and have the students sit in a circle on the floor, hold the backpack and say "I'm going on a trip and in my backpack is____?", then name something you will bring in your backpack, having the kids repeat you, then pass it to the first student, they will then say "I'm going on a trip and in my backpack is they will say what your item is then they will add an item, everyone is to repeat the word, then student passes the backpack. Continue until everyone has a turn. This will work on their listening and
speaking skills. All students with or without special needs can play this games, you can write the classmates words on a projector or black board if need to, and can have objects for student to pick and choose if needed. * Using a project show your student slides that tell a story, have them explain what they see on the slides, what they think is happening and what will happen next remember to explain what is shown for students with impairments. * Have the students get in small groups and play a verbal interaction board game. * Have the student sit in a circle and pass out the picture cards, have them hold them up so the whole class can see them, then have them look at everyone else's card, then one by one they look for a classmates card that can go with their card to form a compound word. All these activities will promote listening and speaking skills, while strengthening their ability to communicate and listen and follow direction. As teacher, we need to help our students build a capacity to hear and malipulate sounds in spoken language, this will support their ability to understand the connections between sounds and letters and written words when they get older (Morrow, 2001). These center should help student learn unfamiliar words, teacher listening skills, and provide read-aloud model. These activites are to be done in small groups or with the whole class, students need to gain the skills of listening to others, following dirctions and giving their opinion of what they see or what they have learned. Having effective listening and speaking center and activities in your class will promote reader focus and building student's confidence. These activities are good for all students those will or without special needs. Conclusion Emergent litegacy consist of all the skills that were listed above and are critical to young children. If a child is poor in any with any of these skills, they will have problems all throughout their educational journey and will fall behind. This starts from the day the child is born when they start to observe and mimic sounds until them sounds turn in the words, then they learn letters and that letters form words that form sentences. Soon they are able to communicate and express what they see and feel. They will then start school, where it is our responsiblities to further our students skills in emergent literacy, so they can continue through school and then becoming a successful adult. This is the time teachers need to observe the students in these centers and watch their development to catch any delays early. These canters will also help students with delays by watching their classmates and with it being hands on.
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References
Bear, D. R. (2022). Literacy Activities that Highlight Emergent and Beginning Literacy Development. The Reading Teacher
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(9), 961. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/educsci13090961 https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=172414994
&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=eds1 National Reading Panel (US), National Institute of Child Health, & Human Development (US). (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction: Reports of the subgroup
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