1155 Notes 11-28

Communication: 1. What are the components of the communication process? a. Message b. Channel c. Auditory, Visual, Kinesthetic (therapeutic touch) d. Encoder (source): Person who gives message e. Decoder (receiver): Person receiving message f. Feedback g. Noise: someone interrupting, TV is loud, patient in pain or emotional distress 2. What are the different forms of communication? a. Verbal i. Language barrier, lack of cognitive development, or lack of education b. Nonverbal i. Body language: Touch, eye contact, facial expression, posture, gait, gestures, general physical appearance, dress and grooming, sounds, silence ii. Body language may conflict or enhance verbal communication Risk for violation of patient confidentiality/HIPPA c. Electronic i. Social media, email, text 3. What are the top 5 sentinel events reviewed by Joint Commission (things that kill patients) a. Falls b. Unintended retention of a foreign object c. Suicide d. Wrong surgery e. Delay in treatment f. Communication failure is considered to be a top 3 root cause in all of these events 4. What are the 4 Cs of initial direction a. Clear b. Concise c. Correct d. Complete 5. What are the different levels of communication a. Intrapersonal (self talk):speak positively b. Interpersonal (2 or more): Nurses giving report, speaking to patient, speaking to physician i. Goal to exchange messages c. Group i. Small-group (2 or more) 1. Communicate to achieve a goal ii. Organizational 1. Between people and groups within an organization 6. What are facts that can influence communication? a. Developmental level b. Biological sex

c. Sociocultural differences: May be rude to make eye contact d. Roles and responsibilities: When giving discharge teaching, try to teach the patient even if they are a nurse e. Space and territoriality: Close talkers who give very personal information f. Physical mental and emotional state: Not be able to decode what an encoder is telling them about, mental status g. Values: If someone values something, they will most likely be good at it. h. Environment: spaces that are better at communicating. Peaceful space. 7. Related nursing diagnosis a. Readiness fofr enhanced communication b. Impaired verbal communication i. Related to ii. As evidence by 8. What are effective communication tools? a. SBAR CUS b. S: situation c. B: background d. A: assessment e. R: recommendation f. C: concerned g. U: uncomfortable h. S: safety 9. Tips for communicating with providers with a telephone a. Use SBAR and/or CUS b. Say who you are right away c. Do not apologize for calling d. State your business briefly but completely e. Ask for specific orders when appropriate f. If you want the provider to assess the patient, say so g. If the provider is coming, ask when to expect them h. If you get cut off, call back i. Document all attempts to reach provider. If you can’t reach them, notify chain of command 10. What are help relationship a. Different than a social relationship b. Three phses i. Orientation stuts c. Sta 11. Factors that promote effective communication in the helping relationship a. Dispositional Traits b. Warmth and friendliness c. Openness and respect d. Empathy e. Honesty, authenticity, trust

VI. How does the drug affects the body? a. It replaces/substitutes increase or stimulate, decrease ors lwo interference VII. How does the body acts on the drug? a. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion VIII. Know difference between selectivite toxicity, drug enzyme ineratn receptor sites!!! IX. What are the types of absorptions? a. Oral (PO) b. Intravaneous c. Intramuscular injection d. Rectal e. Sublingual, buccal f. Topical Inhalantion X. What are factors that influence distribution? a. Circulation, cell membrane, and plasma protein binding XI. What is metabolism? a. Process by which the body changes a drug to a less active form that can be excreted XII. Wheere are drugs metabolized by? a. Liver (primary site) b. Kidney c. Lungs d. Plasma XIII. What is hepatic enzyme system? a. Cytochrome P-450 b. Some drugs induce or inhibit the system affecting how drugs are a]e]netaliezd XIV. Where are drugs excreted? a. Liver b. GI Tract c. Lungs d. Exocrine galdn (braest milk) e. Sweat XV. Half life a. Half-life of a drug is the amount of time it takes for a drug in the body to decrease by half of the peak level it previously achieved. b. Drugs with a short half-life need to be administered MORE frequently. Tylenol (half-life 2 to 4 hours), doses ordered every 4 – 6 hours. c. Drugs with a long half-life can be administered LESS frequently. Digoxin (half-life 36 hours), doses ordered daily. d. Example: Start out with 100 mg of medication. After half life, it will be 50 mg. Half of 50 mg is 25. 12.5  3.126  1.5  0.75. So there will be 7 half lives to get the drug out of they system. XVI. Factors influencing drug effects? a. Weight, age, gender, physiological factors, genetic factors, immunological factors- allergies, psychological factors, enbironmental factors, XVII. What are drug reactions?

a. Side effects: expected and predictable effects that result at therapeutic dosages b. Adverse Effects – Undesirable, inadvertent, unexpected, and sometimes severe responses to medication. c. Toxic Effects – Develop after taking a medication for a long time or when toxic amounts build up due to faulty metabolism or excretion. d. Medication Interactions- Medications can interact with each other, or with food, resulting in beneficial or harmful effects. e. Allergic Reactions – Occur when a person’s body makes antibodies to a drug or drug protein. f.