BECOMING AN INFLUENCER
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School
Southern Union State Community College *
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Course
MISC
Subject
Communications
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
2
Uploaded by AgentBookPrairieDog15
1)
How is speaking to persuade similar to informative speaking? How is it different?
a.
Speaking to inform your audience is to share your knowledge while speaking to persuade your audience is attempting to convince your audience to change their behavior, beliefs, or attitudes. The similarities between both types of speeches lie in the speaker's approach and purpose. Both types of speeches intend to convey information to an audience that follows the same structure: introduction, body, and conclusion.
2)
Define propositions of fact, value, and policy and give an example of each.
a.
Propositions of fact is a claim of what is or what is not; like true or false. For example, claiming that water is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. b.
Proposition of value is a claim that tries to convince an audience to lean more towards one way than the other. For example, “Capital punishment is cruel and unjust”.
c.
Proposition of policy is claiming to call for an action. For example, “Animal testing is wrong, and people should not buy or use products that are tested on animals”.
3)
What is the difference between central processing and peripheral processing?
a.
Central processing is when people think critically about a speaker’s message, question it, and consider the strengths of the
argument. Peripheral processing is when people do not pay attention to the central message, but rather the speaker’s reputation, attractiveness of the speaker, or the length of the speech. 4)
What are ethos, pathos, and logos? How are they used in persuasive speaking?
a.
Ethos (ethics) refers to a speaker’s credibility. If a speaker were to use ethos in their speech, they are trying to convince their audience using their credibility, research, status, or credibility of their sources. b.
Pathos (empathy; sympathy) refers to appealing to an audience’s
emotions. A speaker would persuade an audience by evoking certain emotions to make them feel a certain way to make your audience feel a certain way about your claim. For example, Martin Luther King's “I Have a Dream” speech uses vivid word choices to appeal to the emotions and values of his audience.
c.
Logos (logic) refers to appealing to an audience’s sense of reason or logic. When a speaker uses logos in their speech, the speaker makes clear and logical connections between ideas. In addition, using facts and statistics to make a logical argument. There should not be any holes in the argument, also known as fallacies.
5)
List five logical fallacies presented in the textbook and define them.
a.
Bandwagoning: claiming that a statement is true because is popular or everyone believes it.
b.
Personal attack: a speaker criticizes a person rather than the issue at hand. c.
Hasty generalization: a speaker makes a claim based on a broad generalization, isolated examples, or insufficient evidence. d.
Red herring: a misleading argument or question is presented to distract from the main issue or argument at hand. This fallacy is used as a diversion. e.
Begging the question: a speaker presents an argument that you assume to be true without supporting it. No one can verify the credibility because there is no valid evidence.
6)
Describe the comparative advantage pattern and give an example of a
speaking situation where you would organize a speech using this pattern.
a.
The competitive advantage pattern is best utilized when a speaker is comparing two or more things or ideas and proposes why their claim and solutions are superior to other possible alternatives. For example, A speaker is talking about the best way to reduce waste. They suggest that we should drink from reusable bottles instead of disposable bottles.
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