Composition Practice Qoutes Summaries, and Paraphrases Assignment

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Composition Practice: Quotes, Summaries, and Paraphrases Assignment 1 . Reasons for Integrating Sources ¹Snoring has long been considered an irritating but benign habit. ²However, “even isolated snoring might not be harmless,” according to new research reported in the New York Times article “Snoring: A New Tip- Off to Stroke” (Haiken). ³The American Academy of Head and Neck Surgery defines snoring as “what you hear as a result of a form of blockage that obstructs the flow of air through the mouth or nose. The blockage causes the tissues of the airway to vibrate and flap.” ⁴However, it is not the vibration and flapping of airway tissues that makes Henry Ford Hospital researchers Robert Deeb, MD, and Karen Yaremchuk, MD, so concerned. ⁵“Snoring can reveal damage to the carotid arteries—the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain.” In their study, Deeb and Yaremchuk found that the damage to the ⁶ carotid arteries could be due to the trauma and inflammation caused by the vibrations of snoring. ⁷Deeb said that snorers should seek treatment since they could be at risk for coronary artery diseases. ⁸Deeb said, “Patients need to seek treatment in the same way they would if they had sleep apnea, high blood pressure or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.” Early detection of cardiovascular disease indicated by ⁹ snoring can lead people toward an earlier diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. ¹ºDeeb said, “Snoring is generally regarded as a cosmetic issue by health insurance, requiring significant out-of-pocket expenses by patients. We’re hoping to change that thinking so patients can get the early treatment they need, before more serious health issues arise” (Haiken). 2 [This sentence] overuses or misuses a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 3 [This sentence] overuses or misuses a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 5 [This sentence] drops in a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 10 [This sentence] repeats a sentence pattern in a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 2 . Using Supporting Ideas in an Essay The Titan beetle, the Goliath beetle, and the Hercules beetle are known for their massive size, but each species has a unique feature that distinguishes it from the others. Which of the following topic sentences support the thesis? Check all that apply. The Titan beetle is a huge insect with two unique defense mechanisms.

Based on length and weight, the Goliath beetle is the largest insect in the world. The Hercules beetle is known for its size and immense strength. The anatomy of the Blue Morpho butterfly sets it apart from other butterflies. Points:1 / 1 THE GOLIATH BEETLE (1) The Goliath beetle is the largest insect in the world in both length and weight. (2) These remarkable insects can grow up to 4.5 inches long. (3) An adult Goliath beetle would easily fit the palm of your hand. (4) In addition to its size, the Goliath beetle is the heaviest insect on the planet. (5) The adult beetles weigh up to 3.5 ounces. (6) This is similar to the weight of a king-size candy bar! Source : “Biggest Bug: Goliath Beetle.” Extreme Science , 2011, http://www.extremescience.com/biggest- bug.htm. Which sentence is a major supporting idea? Sentence 3 Sentence 1 Sentence 2 Points: 1 / 1 Which sentence is a minor supporting idea? Sentence 3 Sentence 2 Sentence 1 Points: 1 / 1 3 . Quoting Quotation Indirect Direct Dr. Martin Sandberg states that gallbladder operations are becoming more and more common.

Quotation Indirect Direct Landscape architect Mary Vu says that cacti are a staple of any desert garden. Professor Brundage states, “When it comes to grammar, there are exceptions to every rule.” Chef Francois says that pasta should always be cooked al dente, with just a bit of crunch. According to Dr. Willcox, “Car engines that run on alternative fuels are the future.” “I’m writing a personal essay about outdoor activities for my creative writing class, and I want to include one quotation per paragraph for each activity. I’ve chosen to use information from a three-hour talk I had with my neighbor about ice fishing. I’m not sure if I should directly quote the whole conversation or if I should indirectly quote the main points. What type of quotation is best in this case?” This student should use an indirect quotation because every word of the conversation he had with his neighbor is too much to quote in its entirety . Points: 1 / 1 4 . Integrating Quotations (1) Have you noticed that your grandparents tend to forget things more often than you do? (2) The New York Times article "Aging in Brain Found to Hurt Sleep Needed for Memory" by Benedict Carey explains, "Scientists have known for decades that the ability to remember . . . declines with age." (3) However, a new answer has emerged as to why this occurs. (4) "The prefrontal cortex tends to lose volume with age, and that part of this region helps sustain quality sleep, which is critical to consolidating new memories" (Carey). (5) University of California researchers have performed experiments to see how to improve the deep, slow-wave phase of sleep. (6) "The brain moves memories from temporary to longer-term storage during this deep sleep" (Carey). (7) However, how can older people improve the duration and quality of their sleep? (8) By placing electrodes on the scalp, researchers have mimicked high-quality slow waves. (9) According to Matthew Walker, one of the sleep study's authors, "What we have discovered is a dysfunctional pathway that helps explain the relationship between brain deterioration, sleep disruption and memory loss as we get older—and with that, a potentially new treatment avenue (Anwar)". (10) However, a person doesn't need to go to bed with electrodes on his or her scalp to get good sleep. (11) Exercising and cutting out caffeine can also help to stimulate quality deep sleep that helps the brain to save memories.

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Sentence (2) overuses a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 Sentence (4) drops in a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 Sentence (6) drops in a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 Sentence (9) incorrectly punctuates a direct quotation. Points: 1 / 1 5 . When to Use Quotation Marks Which of the following correctly formats the song or poem title below? My favorite song is Brown Eyed Girl by Van Morrison. My favorite song is ‘Brown Eyed Girl’ by Van Morrison. My favorite song is “Brown Eyed Girl” by Van Morrison. Points: 1 / 1 Which of the following correctly formats the titles shown below? I recently read a tasty article by Gabriella Gershenson in “The Wall Street Journal” called Caesar Salads that Wow: Standout Variations on a Beloved Classic . I recently read a tasty article by Gabriella Gershenson in ‘The Wall Street Journal’ called “Caesar Salads that Wow: Standout Variations on a Beloved Classic.” I recently read a tasty article by Gabriella Gershenson in The Wall Street Journal called “Caesar Salads that Wow: Standout Variations on a Beloved Classic.” I recently read a tasty article by Gabriella Gershenson in The Wall Street Journal called Caesar Salads that Wow: Standout Variations on a Beloved Classic. Points: 1 / 1 6 . Using Quotations within Quotations

Directions: Each of the following sentences asks you to punctuate a quotation within a quotation. Use the dropdown menu to select the correct option. The star point guard told the post-game interviewer, “It’s a matter of listening to our coach when he says ‘let the game come to you’ because otherwise we try too hard and end up making nervous mistakes.” Points: 1 / 1 I was talking to my parents, and my father said, “We need to work together next week. Your mother is right when she says ‘we are all busy,’ and none of us will be happy if we all try to ‘go it alone’ because that will only lead to all of us feeling overwhelmed and isolated.” Points: 1 / 1 7 . Incorporating Quotations into Sentences Economist Tim Silver: It may be years before we begin to see a healthy upswing in the economy. Which of the following are correctly punctuated versions of the preceding direct quotation? Check all that apply. “It may be years before we begin to see a healthy upswing in the economy,” writes economist Tim Silver. It may be years before we begin to see a healthy upswing in the economy according to economist Tim Silver. Economist Tim Silver states, “It may be years before we begin to see a healthy upswing in the economy.” Points: 1 / 1 The angry environmental protester smashed the windshield of a large SUV while screaming, “Stop climate change now!”

Has this exclamation been punctuated correctly or incorrectly? Incorrectly Correctly Points: 1 / 1 What do environmentalists mean when they say, “Climate change will begin to drastically impact coastal areas?” Has this question been punctuated correctly or incorrectly? Correctly Incorrectly Points: 1 / 1 Directions: Read each split quotation in the following table and select whether the punctuation and capitalization are correct or incorrect. Split Quotation Correct Incorrect “Many students struggle with reading comprehension,” writes Professor Laura Rokkjaer, “but developmental reading courses can teach them helpful strategies.” “Some students also find writing difficult,” she goes on to say. “For them, I would recommend an integrated reading and writing course.” “Asking for extra help from an instructor or tutor.” she assures. “is always a good idea and nothing to feel ashamed of.” Points: 1 / 1

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8 . Paraphrasing Kombai Culture By Eder Pires The Kombai, a Melanesian tribe of tree dwellers from Western New Guinea, have what some would consider unusual cultural practices. For instance, in Kombai culture, pigs are a form of currency, used to pay for goods and settle debts. Yet another unique element of the Kombai culture is their practice of sacrificing pigs to settle arguments within the tribe. The pig’s legs are tied together and it is taken to a riverbank where it is shot with arrows. The animal is skinned, and its fat is offered to the Kombai god, Refafu. Source : “World’s Lost Tribes - Kombai Facts.” Discovery Channel, 2010, press.discovery.com/emea/wrld/programs/worlds-lost-tribes/. Paraphrase 1 Paraphrase 2 The Kombai are a Melanesian tribal people from Western New Guinea. They have weird cultural practices. Pigs are used to pay any debt that might have caused an argument. Pigs are also used to buy and sell things. The Kombai kill pigs by a river and offer their skin to a god called Refafu. The pig is shot with arrows, and its feet are tied together. These cultural practices are odd and violent. In the article “Kombai Culture,” Eder Pires states that the Kombai, a tree-dwelling Melanesian tribe from New Guinea, have certain cultural practices that some might think are strange. The Kombai use pigs as money to buy and sell things. They often resolve conflicts by killing a pig. The tribe take the pig to a river, where its legs are tied, and shoot it with arrows. They skin the pig and offer its fat to their god Refafu. The best paraphrase is paraphrase 2 because it has the following qualities. Check all that apply. It identifies the writer of the original article and gives the title of the piece. It is significantly longer than the original. It does not include personal comments or interpretations. It includes the major and minor supporting details. It uses the original writer’s words and sentence structure. Points: 1 / 1

9 . Writing a Paraphrase Uncontacted Peoples By Valia Pires Uncontacted peoples are defined as groups that, by choice or by chance, have managed to live without contact from modern civilization. There are very few groups left that have successfully avoided all contact with the outside world, though most of them live in remote areas that are difficult and dangerous to reach. For example, several tribal groups in distant areas of New Guinea have remained "uncontacted" because of concerns for their safety. It is thought that the province of West Papua on the island of New Guinea has an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. These people lack immunity to common diseases and face the possibility of death if researchers who carry these diseases approach their tribe. Source : Roach, John. “Amazon Tribes: Isolated by Choice?” National Geographic , 10 Mar. 2003, newsnationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0320_030310_invisible1.html; “BBC: First Contact with Isolated Tribes?” Survival , 25 Oct. 2007, www.survivalinternational.org/news/2191. Paraphrase 1 In the article "Uncontacted Peoples," Valia Pires states that groups of people who are living without any contact with the modern world still exist, and they are called "uncontacted peoples." They usually live in dangerous, hard-to-reach areas. For example, there are thought to be 44 tribes of uncontacted people in remote areas of New Guinea. These people are thought to be in the West Papua area of the island. Researchers haven't tried to contact them because of safety issues. The researchers may carry diseases to which the uncontacted people have no immunity. Paraphrase 2 Uncontacted peoples are defined as groups that, by choice or by chance, have managed to live without contact from modern civilization. There are very few groups left that have successfully avoided all contact with the outside world, though most of them live in remote areas that are difficult and dangerous to reach. For example, several tribal groups in distant areas of New Guinea have remained "uncontacted" because of lack of safety. These people lack immunity to common diseases and face the possibility of death if researchers who carry these diseases approach their tribe. The best paraphrase is paraphrase 1 because it has the following qualities: Check all that apply. It puts the original writer's ideas into new words that express similar concepts. It does not mention the original writer. It includes the major and minor supporting details.

It uses wording and sentence structure identical to the original. It is the same length as the original. Points: 1 / 1 10 . Summarizing Teachers and Students Win in Finland By Monique Brown (1) Compared to other countries, American kids do not measure up when it comes to their math and science skills. In fact, U.S. students are ranked 24th out of 34 countries, a rather sad statistic. Finland, on the other hand, is ranked 2nd primarily because the way it treats its teachers leads to stronger student performance. (2) Unlike the United States with its premade curriculum that teachers are forced to teach, the Finns believe that teachers should be the ones to decide what is taught in the classroom. Because they have creative power and their expertise is valued, Finns want to become teachers, which means there are many eager and talented people who want to be in the classroom. In fact, so many Finns want to become teachers that in 2008, 1,258 undergraduate students applied for the elementary school teacher training program, but only 123 (9.8%) were accepted, and these numbers are typical. (3) The Finns also believe that teachers should be well trained and well paid. For example, all teachers are required to obtain a master’s degree. This degree is called a kasvatus , which is the same Finnish word used for a woman taking care of her child. Once teachers complete the training program and have their master’s degree, they make between $40,000 and $60,000 and work only 190 days a year. Source : “The Finnish Not-So-Secret Weapon for Top Notch Schools: Better Teachers.” Neatorama, 13 Apr. 2011, www.neatorama.com/2011/04/13/the-finnish-not-so-secret-weapon-for-top-notch-schools- better-teachers/. Alex in Politics. What is the main idea of the passage? The United States has an ineffective education system because students fail math and science. Finnish teachers are highly paid professionals who love their job and teach only 190 days a year. Finland has an effective education system because of the way it views its teachers. Points: 1 / 1

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Identify the major supporting details from the passage. Check all that apply. The Finns also believe that teachers should be well trained and well paid. Because they have creative power and their expertise is valued, Finns want to become teachers, which means there are many eager and talented people who want to be in the classroom. This degree is called a kasvatus , which is the same Finnish word used for a woman taking care of her child. Unlike the United States with its premade curriculum that teachers are forced to teach, the Finns believe that teachers should be the ones to decide what is taught in the classroom. Points: 1 / 1 Directions: Read both summaries, and select the more effective one. Summary A Summary B According to Monique Brown, Finland’s education system is better than America’s. Teachers have to obtain a kasvatus degree, and they are paid between $40,000 and $60,000 each year. Every year, more than one thousand students apply to teaching programs, but only 123 are accepted. In her article “Teachers and Students Win in Finland,” Monique Brown explains that Finland has an effective education system because it believes that teachers should have competitive salaries and excellent training and that they should decide what they teach in the classroom. The best summary of the passage is Summary B . Points: 1 / 1 11 . Writing a Summary Food Miles: Your Food, Your Health, and the Climate By Ted Carmichael (1) Many people are surprised to learn that much of the food they buy at the grocery store does not come from a farmer's field just down the road. Today, the typical American meal contains ingredients from at least five countries outside the United States and travels an average of 1,500 "food miles" to get on consumers' plates. And most people fail to realize that the distance food travels has serious consequences for the climate and personal health. (2) The manner in which food is imported into the United States significantly affects the climate of the planet. Foods from overseas travel several hundred food miles via several modes of transportation, each one increasing air pollution levels. For example, in 2005, the import of fruits, nuts, and vegetables into

the state of California by airplane released more than 70,000 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the equivalent of having 12,000 cars on the road. (3) By increasing the levels of pollution in the atmosphere, food imports also negatively impact human health. Numerous pollution studies have found that asthma rates are higher in areas close to transportation facilities. The higher levels of pollution near truck thoroughfares, seaports, and air terminals are directly linked to increased asthma cases. Source : “Food Miles: How Far Your Food Travels Has Serious Consequences for Your Health and the Climate.” Natural Resources Defense Council , Nov. 2007, food-hub.org/files/resources/Food %20Miles.pdf. What is the main idea of the passage? Most foods travel an average of 1,500 miles to get to consumers' plates. Most foods are imported, which leads to air pollution and climate problems. Food miles seriously impact personal health and the climate of the planet. Points: 1 / 1 Identify the major supporting details from the passage. Check all that apply. Foods from overseas travel several hundred food miles via several modes of transportation, each one increasing air pollution levels. Many people are surprised to learn that much of the food they buy at the grocery store does not come from a farmer's field just down the road. The higher levels of pollution near truck thoroughfares, seaports, and air terminals are directly linked to increased asthma cases. By increasing the levels of pollution in the atmosphere, food imports also negatively impact human health. Points: 1 / 1 Read both summaries, and select the best one. Summary A According to Ted Carmichael in his article entitled "Food Miles: Your Food, Your Health, and the Climate," the distance that food travels has a negative impact on human health and the climate of the planet. Foods from overseas are transported an average of 1,500 miles to reach our tables; this travel increases air pollution. By increasing the levels of pollution in the atmosphere, food imports also negatively impact human health because air pollution leads to asthma.

Summary B The distance that food travels has a negative impact on human health. Foods from overseas travel several hundred miles on average, which increases air pollution. In 2005 alone, the import of fruits, nuts, and vegetables by airplane into the state of California released an estimated 70,000 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The best summary of the passage is Summary A . Points: 1 / 1 12 . Distinguishing Paraphrase From Summary Original Text Many a rainforest expedition has led to the discovery of an extraordinary new plant or animal species. In the wilds of Indonesia, scientific explorers have recently identified nine new species of frogs. Large or small, webbed feet or toes, aquatic or land-dwelling, they all have one strange evolutionary adaptation in common: fangs. Oddly, their fangs are not teeth but bony growths that protrude from the frogs’ bottom jaws. As of now, scientists studying the fanged frogs can only guess the purpose of the fangs. One theory claims that the mysterious bony protrusions may help the frogs ensnare food in swiftly flowing water. Many of the rivers on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, where the frogs were discovered, have powerful currents. This could increase the difficulty of capturing fish and tadpoles. The fangs might help them seize passing prey. A second theory suggests that the frogs utilize their fangs as weapons against other fanged frogs in the pursuit of female mates or territory. For example, they may use their fangs in the same way that bulls use their horns against rival bulls, rushing headlong into a physical confrontation. —From Shawmut, Brooke. “Newly Discovered: Indonesian Fanged Frogs.” Aplia Times , May 2012, p. 90. Researcher’s Notes According to Brooke Shawmut’s “Newly Discovered: Indonesian Fanged Frogs,” scientists exploring parts of Indonesia have observed nine new kinds of frogs with bony growths on their jaws that look like fangs, but they are unsure how the frogs use their fangs. One idea is that they use them to catch food. Another possibility is that they use them to fight other fanged frogs for mates or territory (90). This researcher’s writing is a summary because it has the following characteristics. Check all that apply. It is written in the researcher’s own words.

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It presents the key ideas but omits many of the details. It is much shorter than the original. It is roughly as long or longer than the original. It includes many direct quotes to capture the information in the original. Points: 1 / 1 The page number in parenthetical documentation at the end of the notes is not required since the author’s name and the title of the original text is given. True False Points: 1 / 1

Composition Practice Qoutes Summaries, and Paraphrases Assignment

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