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Can a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents? PART ONE: LESSON 07.02 1. Write the claim you will present in your argument essay. The use of Public service announcement can have a positive effect on reducing distracting driving accidents. 2. Write the counterclaim that you will refute in your argument essay. Although Public service announcements are meant to reduce distracted driving incidents there lack of enforcement leads to them being ineffective in achieving their goal. PART TWO: LESSON 07.03 Identify research sources that you will use in your argument essay. Include at least two primary sources and at least two secondary sources. Use MLA citations to document your sources here. Be sure to use an online source, such as EasyBib or Son of Citation to help create the citations. Your citations should be labeled as primary or secondary and include a link to the site. An example has been provided. Example: PRIMARY SOURCES 1. “Distracted Driving.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 26 Apr. 2022, https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/distracted_driving/index.html#:~:text=Sending%20a %20text%20message%2C%20talking,three%20main%20types%20of%20distraction%3A&text=Visual%3A %20taking%20your%20eyes%20off%20the%20road. 2.Hersman, Debbie. “Testimony on Distracted Driving Dangers and Solutions before the City of Chicago Committee on Public Safety.” National Safety Council , 11 Jan. 2018, https://www.nsc.org/speeches-testimony/testimony-on- distracted-driving-dangers-and-soluti. SECONDARY SOURCES 1.Bummara, Valene, and Jinbong Choi. “Exploring the Effectiveness of Distracted Driving PSA (Public Service Announcement).” Advances in Journalism and Communication , Scientific Research Publishing, 7 Dec. 2015, https://www.scirp.org/html/1-2840076_61738.htm#:~:text=Results%20showed%20that%20a%20significant,old %20from%20texting%20while%20driving. 2. K, Amanda. “.Are Driving and Texting PSAS Really All That Effective?” Create Real Impact , https://createrealimpact.com/entries/24711/.

PART THREE: LESSON 07.04 Distracting driving in a massive problem for society as it leads to an increased rate in car crashes for all people. One way we can aim to reduce distracted driving as a society is the issuing of informative Public Service announcements to people who may participate in distracted driving. The use of PSA’s may have a positive effect on reducing distracted driving incidents if used properly. This is because PSA’s use logical reasoning with statistics and evidence to support their point. PSA’s also try and be impactful by appealing to their audiences emotions by using heartfelt stories from impacted people. Although many believe that PSA’s or useful tools in minimizing distracted driving some believe they lack the enforcement needed to properly be effective tools at reverting distracted driving. PART FOUR: LESSON 07.06 Submit the body paragraphs. You must write a multi-paragraph essay, with no fewer than two body paragraphs. The first way that the use of PSA’s can help to limit distracted driving incidents is through the use of evidence based reasoning. PSA’s can present information in an intuitive way which can help educate the viewer on the potential risks of participating in distracted driving. As the evidence and statistics point to distracted driving being an issue, PSA’s aim to present this information as somewhat of a warning to viewers. For example in a article by the CDC they report that 9 people die a day in crashes involving a distracted driver. Viewers after learning the information from a PSA may reconsider their choice to distracted drive as they now know the risks their taking. The reconsideration of distracted driving which is prompted by PSA can help reduce the cases of distracted driving incidents. With more knowledgeable drivers better decisions can be made impacting the road ways in a positive. Some critics of PSA may argue against the validity of evidence impact in PSA’s. They do this by arguing that the data may actually encourage people to test their limits and it is not beneficial in stopping distracted driving. All in all though the use of evidence based reasoning is one effective way PSA’s aim to reduce distracted driving. To continue on another way PSA can have a positive effect on decreasing the frequency of distracted driving is by appealing to viewers emotion. They do this by using testimonials and other first person accounts of people who have been or know people hurt by distracted driving. Often times PSA’s will find people to film videos that have had love ones who have been lost due to distracted driving. These testimonials are often very emotional and seek to draw a strong emotional reaction from the viewer. This emotional reaction is meant to help the viewer of a PSA reconsider their

decisions while driving and steer them away from distracted driving altogether. One example of this can be seen in a research paper by Valene Bamara and Jinbong Choi who report “he “Affective Response (General) Scale” by Bruner (2009) included within the survey asked respondents to rate their emotional response to the PSA. Approximately 60% of the sample rated the PSA to be on the “Unpleasant” side. Roughly equivalent percentages of the sample expressed they “Liked” and “Disliked” the PSA with the modal response being “neutral”. Almost 70% of the sample rated the PSA on the “Left me with a bad feeling” side of the scale.”(Bamara 3). This research shows how people react to a emotional psa. If people feel sympathy towards those impacted their less likely to engage in activities that can yield the same results. Some argue against the use of testimonials in PSA’s arguing the the accounts are cherry picked and cannot truly impact someone enough in the short allotted time to make a real impact. This argument is futile as the emotional stories do impact viewers often, leading to strong enough feelings of commiseration to avert texting and driving at least temporarily.

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