Week One Quiz

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Feb 20, 2024

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Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 Week One Quiz 1. How can communication be improved in an organization that is structured in a traditional bureaucratic form? How might computerized communication be utilized to improve the effectiveness of communication in a bureaucratic organization? (C.O. 4) a. Communication can be improved in an organization in many ways, starting with acknowledging and understanding the nine barriers of communication. According to the text, the nine barriers of communication include: i. Preconceived ideas, where it can be noted that “people will hear what they want to hear”, rather than listening to the entire message, a person would only listen to what they feel will benefit them (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). ii. Denial of contrary information, where, as stated in the text, “messages that conflict with information we have already accepted as valid are often denied or rejected” such as information that would conflict with an individuals beliefs or values, the message would be disregarded entirely (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). iii. Use of personalized meanings, where the message that was meant to be given is not the same as the message that the listener received, often misunderstanding the message.

Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 iv. Lack of motivation or interest, as the name implies the listener may not have any desire to want to listen to what is being said to them (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). v. Noncredibility of the source, where the person who is given out the message is not deemed viable with their information, would it be that they have lied in the past, or for other reasons, this person may lack credibility (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). vi. Lack of communication skills, as the name implies, is when there is a lack of communication skills, where there may not be enough knowledge on the topic to understand what is being said, therefore, causing there to be a lack of in communication processing and skills (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). vii. Poor organizational climate, which is the aspect in which an organization may promote openness, allowing there to be a wide range of active communication. With this aspect, by promoting communication, it allows the people of that organization to feel more comfortable with communicating with one another, and thus creating an atmosphere where communication is applauded for (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). viii. Use of complex channels is a barrier that can be seen often in offices, where platforms such as email and/or text messages may be used, as well as Zoom or other internet platforms. With the use of these channels and

Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 platforms, it may cause confusion as to how these platforms may be used, particularly for those who have never used them, making communication more difficult (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). ix. Communication gap is one of the biggest barriers for communication, where a difference in language may make it difficult to speak with one another that may not be familiar with other languages (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). Based on this information, it can be noted that by understanding these barriers, it is crucial that they are understood and taking into consideration when looking for a means of improving communication within an organization. Once the use of technology can be properly implemented into an organization, it may also assist in improving communication, making communication between organizations and participants much more convenient and time saving, if used properly. Emails are a common way to save time and money when used properly, allowing participants and organizations to communicate with each other at locations that are convenient to anyone involved and the messages could be read at a more convenient location and time as well (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). 2. What are the drawbacks of computerized information systems? From a management perspective, what policies and procedures could be implemented to assure the effectiveness of computerized information systems? (C.O. 4)

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Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 a. When looking at the drawback of computerized information systems, there are several that may have an impact on the policies and procedures that could be implemented to assure the effectiveness of computerized information systems. The first drawback would be the evolution of crime, where “hackers” are adapting to using technology to commit crimes, stealing personal information and using that information for their own personal gain. Another drawback, which is stated in the text, is based on its use in the criminal justice system, where Judges may be able to look up case studies from their benches during trail, although “theoretically, this instant access to information should have sped up the proceedings, but it may also hold judges to higher standards, cause them to suffer an information overload, and serve to slow the process down or create confusion” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). From a management perspective, there are solutions to this problem, where the use of police units focused on computer crimes would be essential in reducing computer crimes as a whole. When looking at the issue regarding the use of technology in the criminal justice system, it should be noted that the members of the criminal justice system need to be orientated and properly trained in the use of this advanced technology. By training these individuals properly, it may reduce the time that it would take for the individual to try to figure out how to use their equipment had they been trying to figure out their equipment on their own.

Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 3. Identify future environmental changes that will affect the criminal justice system. (C.O. 5) a. When looking at the future environmental changes that will affect the criminal justice system, there are many different changes in the environment such as that from the technological perspective, where computers are being integrated into areas ranging from training to prisons. For instance, as mentioned in the text, “Legal research is more efficient, and judges can do a case law search from the bench while court is in session”, where this could benefit a court case in coming to a legal and sufficient decision of a case (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). Given the fact that there has been an advancement in technology, it can be noted that crime has also begun to evolve, where crimes can also be committed through technology, where “hackers” are apparent, stealing personal information from the comfort of their own homes, hiding their identities in the process. The law has also changed, where there have been laws implemented for the sole purpose of protecting the citizens that live under these same laws and abide by them as well. One of the most prominent laws that have changed and is still in use today is the Patriot Act of 2001, that “provides the criminal justice system with a host of new legal tools to defend the country against further terrorist attacks” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). When looking at the criminal justice system from an economic standpoint, it can be noted that when there are differences in economic standings within the community, such as fluctuations in the employment rates, the

Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 criminal justice system is also affected, where business cycles can also have an effect on the criminal justice system. As stated in the text, “even though it derives its funds from government rather than the marketplace, the criminal justice system is affected by the business cycle because it competes with private and public organizations and with other regulatory agencies for existing resources” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). Demographic factors also play a significant role in the changes within the criminal justice system, where the crimes that are committed within a community may be characterized by the general majority of the number of people with a certain demographic, such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). Cultural conditions play a similar role as that from the demographic factors within a community, where these cultural beliefs are noted to be “collective norms, values, symbols, behaviors, and expectations of a society’s members” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). With the changes of these societal norms, it is crucial that the criminal justice system also is able to adjust, and change based on these norms, taking them into account when addressing a 911 call and determining what actions need to be taken to deescalate any given situation based on these norms. Ecological conditions may also be a component of our ever-changing criminal justice system, where the size of a community may have an impact in the criminal justice system and how this system may work, where a small community may be accustomed to “an immediate link between criminal justice agencies and community members”

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Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). Lastly, when looking at the political conditions that criminal justice agencies face, the “linkage is often established through representative government, where “elections rarely produce significant effects of public policy, and nonelectoral linkages are often the most powerful” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). 4. Identify the economic/political forces that limit the ability of federal agencies to enforce immigration laws. (C.O. 5) a. Based on the ideals that the economy plays a significant role in the criminal justice system; it can be noted that there is also a limit to the ability of federal agencies to enforce immigration laws. Based on the text, it has been stated that “it is suggested that per capita income of a community is a good predictor of the size of the budget for law enforcement agencies as well as the rate of officers per community”, whereas, if the per capita income of a community is poor, then the budget for these law enforcement agencies may not suffice to enforce immigration laws (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). The same may be said for political forces, where the formal and informal political system both play a role in the limits of operation in the criminal justice system. According to the text, the formal political system “includes legislative bodies at the federal, state, and local levels. These bodies pass legislation that determines and limits the operation of the Criminal justice system” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). In other words, the formal political system has the ability to limit what the federal agencies are able to do,

Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 which may be “subjected to the potential influence of pressure groups, whose goals is to influence the policies or operations of the criminal justice system” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). As stated in the text, the informal political system may take these demands and support or oppose them, or even demand new programs or services, where “individuals, groups, or organizations may bypass the formal political system and focus directly on a criminal justice agency-or attack the formal political structure and agency simultaneously” for their benefits (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). 5. In your academic opinion, to what extent has the "war on terror" impacted local law enforcement practices? What is your reasoning? (C.O. 5) a. The “war on terror” has had a significant impact on the local law enforcement practices, particularly when looking at the events after the 9/11 attacks. One of the most prominent laws that have changed after the 9/11 attacks that played a significant role in the local law enforcement practices and is still in use today is the Patriot Act of 2001, that “provides the criminal justice system with a host of new legal tools to defend the country against further terrorist attacks” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, et al, 2012). With the creation of this act, it can be noted that, when working on improvement in the local law enforcement’s preparedness, ”processes are embedded deeply into a police department’s organizational culture. A law enforcement manager can preserve the core culture and enhance change through these processes.12 Because they are a core component of the culture, using them

Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 to increase terrorism preparedness will reduce resistance to organizational change. By decreasing resistance to change, leaders increase officers’ abilities to respond to terrorist activities” (Francis, 2014).

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Diane Albert Professor Connolly CCJ4450 Sunday, January 14 th , 2024 References Francis, J. W. (2014, December 9). Increasing terrorism preparedness of law enforcement agencies . FBI. https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/increasing-terrorism- preparedness-of-law-enforcement-agencies Stojkovic, S., Kalinich, D. B., & Klofas, J. (2012). Criminal justice organizations: Administration and management (5th ed.). Cengage Learning - Wadsworth.

Week One Quiz

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