Sample topic approved project plan

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Feb 20, 2024

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Project Plan Name: Learner Email Address: School: Public Service and Education Program/Specialization: Doctor of Public Administration Type of project (e.g., dissertation, capstone, etc.): Capstone Quarter/Year of V8927completion: Project topic Topic proposal is grounded in a problem and aligned with program of study. Alignment to the Program of Study Presents an introduction to a clear topic proposal grounded in a problem within the program, project, and topic. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. The topic for the proposed study is leadership use of technology and the digitization of communication within public administration. In order to deliver services faster and more efficiently the use of technology must be implemented from the top-down. According to Hartley et al. (2019) leadership is viewed as a highly relevant concept within public administration due to complex societal challenges that address the public interest of society. The use of technology provides for digitized communication that influences the speed with which notifications are received efficiently and effectively compared to paper letter (Ebbers & van de Wingaert, 2020). The structure and strategies of public administration are being reshaped due to technological transformation (Di Giulio & Vecchi, 2021). Project Problem Clearly stated problem aligns with program, reflects literature gap or practice issue, and identifies population of interest. Problem to be Addressed Describe a general and specific problem that is clearly defined and aligned with the program, including what the problem is, who is experiencing the problem, where the problem exists, and the professional/organizational context. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs . The proposed study will examine the extent to which leadership influences the use of technology between government/public sector and the publics association with the use of technology such as digital communications. In an effort to create better efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency leadership will need to know how best to manage technology within public administration. Leadership’s use of technology through digitized communication will make government and public relations more responsive to citizens. Practitioners of public administration are experiencing the problem where the leadership has not adopted technology effectively to bring services closer to the public. 1
Project Plan The problem exists in digital communication between the government/public sectors and the general public. With so many ways to communicate digitally what is the preferred method which the end-user (customer) chooses to communicate with a government/public office. These office’s can communicate across multiple digital platforms when relaying information. Yet, customers may still choose to face to face or a telephone to communicate. Gap Present an analysis of a gap in alignment with the problem and placed within the program. Addresses the broader questions of “who cares” and “why now”. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. The role of leadership within digital transformation has not been addressed within the literature review as it relates to the use of technology within public administration. Public leaders and practitioners of public administration have a vested interest in digital transformation. The public (end-users) and public servants seek fast and efficient access to information and services in their everyday lives. According to Datta, Walker and Amarilli (2020) digital literacy and engagement is needed but can not keep up with emerging technologies. Digitization is only a set of new tools and capabilities per Bondarenko, Liganenko and Mykytenko (2020) needed to transform public administration in digital conditions but is missing the role of leaderships use of technology. Supporting Evidence Literature review addresses previous relevant projects and articulates theoretical (practice) orientation. Primary Orientation Provide an introduction to the review of scholarly literature, an argument for conducting the review, and a primary theoretical (and practice) orientation. Suggested length 3-4 paragraphs. The review of scholarly literature on the use of technology and digital transformation is reshaping communication within public administration, Digital innovations is one of the most effective strategies for organizational integration (Di Giulio & Vecchi, 2021). According to Mateescu, Stanciu, & Blei (2021) the introduction of technology with regards to public administration was a direct result of the pandemic which affected the implementation of shifting to online training within all levels of teaching and learning. Many governments utilize internet- based technologies yet Ebbers & van de Wijngaert (2020) states that citizens and businesses still prefer telephone and front desk interactions over websites. Leadership’s use of technology and the digitization of communication within public administration will allow for the best practices as a solution-based goal of this study. The digitization of communication within public administration will provide more transparency. Engaging the public more through the use of technology builds and establishes public trust. Leadership must bridge the digital divide between the general public and public administration. The sharing of ideas creates a cultural shift to how we can do it better through digitization. 2
Project Plan The program topic area of this study pertains to implementation and evaluation of innovative uses of technology to enhance or evaluate programs or policy. The primary theoretical orientation and practice of this study will consist of leadership theories. Project Problem Address the Problem Provide a synthesized review of the scholarly literature to expose, explain, and analyze previous scholarly efforts to address the problem. Suggested length 7-10 paragraphs. Sustainable public administration practices are being challenged by leaderships use of technology to implement digitization capabilities according to Laws (2021) is a global matter. The innovations of emerging technologies will shape the way that governments interact with the public. The literature suggests that there is a cultural shift taking place in the way in which the government and citizens interact. The elderly are currently unequipped to keep up with the technological trends, transparency issues, and public engagement has been exposed as a problem. Mateescu, Stanciu, & Blei (2021) exposed the contemplation of transitioning to online training as a result of the pandemic for digital transformation of training programs in public administration. Additional scholarly literature identifies that academic programs from all levels were first introduced to these technological challenges. Considering that there is always a need for teaching and training in public administration digitization is essential. E-government and information technology coursework in public administration programs yield little to no adaptation but are being considered (McQuiston & Manoharan,2021). As a direct result of new and emerging innovative technologies the way in which the government interacts with the public will need to change for the better. The lack of e-leadership within public administration has affected the use of technology and effective digital communications. Although it is important to find new ways to communicate with citizens through digital technology there is the risk that notifications aren’t noticed or acted upon so the effectiveness is not gained (Ebbers & van de Wijngaert, 2020). There are several factors to consider as to why citizens slowly respond to digital communication such as just overlooking or not having a sense of urgency. Presently there are options to go paperless with many agencies or opting for email/text messaging notification. In order for leaderships use of technology within public administration digital communications must be standardized and phone/in-person interactions must be severely limited. Without moving toward a permanent digital platform over paper lettering services digital literacy will become stagnant. There is emphasis on academic programs to adapt to digitalization but there is no clear indication that there is a leadership strategy in place. The challenges of e-leadership is to bridge the digital divide to motivate and inspire followers from a distance. Effective and efficient e- leadership is an opportunity to socially influence. Information and communication technologies are changing the relationship between workers as well as the general public. Leadership plays an important role within organizational behavior; therefore, the way in which it is practiced will prove beneficial to digitization of public administration. Digital literacy remains the key challenges to moving public administration services to the forefront. Access to internet from the public, lack of awareness, insufficient training and etc. are just some of the issues why there is little progress toward digitization. Without political commitment on legislation to advance public administrative services digital communication will remain underdeveloped. 3
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Project Plan Synthesis of the Evidence Provide a logically organized and synthesized review and analysis of the literature in close alignment with the topic, problem, and gap. Suggested length 3-4 paragraphs. The topic for the proposed study is leadership use of technology and the digitization of communication within public administration. The proposed study will examine the extent to which leadership influences the use of technology between government/public sector and the publics association with the use of technology such as digital communications. Digitization is only a set of new tools and capabilities per Bondarenko, Liganenko and Mykytenko (2020) needed to transform public administration in digital conditions but is missing the role of leaderships use of technology. New challenges are continuing to affect leadership within public administration due to technology such as digital communication in the context of ethical and public value issues (Andrews, 2019). For example, the capacity to enhance public service systems provides the delivery of new service channels of communication with the implementation of digitization ( Shareef,et al., 2019). The best leadership and management practices can be done better through the use of digitization and essentially resulting in e-leadership. According to (Di Giulio & Vecchi, 2021) political commitment appears to be a factor in the implementation of digitization in the public sector. Much of the literature suggests that academic programs must adapt public administration coursework to the increasingly technology- based world ( McQuiston,& Manoharan,2021). The importance of performance enhancing capacities of leadership is needed and digitization of communication technologies is vital (Schwarz, Eva, & Newman, 2020). Project Questions Questions align with topic, problem, and supporting evidence, including definition of terms. Statement of Primary Question(s) Provide 1-3 project questions that align with the topic, problem, and supporting evidence within the program. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. How can digitized communication within public administration effect leadership? How can leaderships use of technology within public administration create better transparency? How will digitization of public administration foster e-leadership? Definition of Terms Present a list of terms and definitions that relate to the program, topic, problem, gap, program, and project framework. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. Digitization- process of converting information into a digital format. Digital divide- refers to the gap between modern information and communications technology. E-leadership- means electronic leadership by the use of information technology. Digital transformation- is the process of integrating digital technology to create new changes. Digital platform- is an electronic tool which optimizes communication technology. 4
Project Plan Proposed Project Framework Methodological approach is clearly defined and includes constructs, phenomena, variables, and population. Methodological Approach Provide a description and explanation of the methodological approach. The methodological approach must align to the topic, problem, supporting evidence, and data sources. Suggested length 2-3 paragraphs. Digital requirements will help to transform bureaucracy within government and the public sector through a quantitative perspective. Quantitative research is more specific and narrowed when compared to qualitative research which is broad and generalized. The use of surveys would attempt to capture perceptions on the use of utilizing a digital platform only for communications. Population and Sample (including site if necessary) Describe the general target population (e.g., size, characteristics). Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. Constructs, Phenomena, Variables Present evidence and explanation for the final choice of framework. Constructs, phenomena, and/or variables must align to the topic, problem, gap, and project questions. Suggested length 2-3 paragraphs. Proposed Data Sources Instrumentation and data collection tools address project concepts; ethical threats and their mitigation are detailed. Measures or Artifacts to be Reviewed Present a description of instrumentation or data collection tools. Measures or artifacts must closely align with the methodological approach. Suggested length 3-4 paragraphs. A self-administered survey that participants could take online from a university or a local county. The university would provide for current students within the Public Administration field. While the local county would have various departments which employees could participate. Detailed Procedures Present a description of the processes needed to complete the instruments by the participants or observers. Suggested length 3-4 paragraphs. Validity/Reliability/Credibility/Dependability 5
Project Plan Identify and present the potential threats to reliability and validity (quantitative techniques) or trustworthiness (qualitative techniques). Include a proposed plan to mitigate the noted threats. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. Proposed Data Collection Describe sampling, recruitment, data collection procedures, and potential ethical considerations. Sampling Strategy, Number participants Describe, explain, and justify the sampling strategy to be used. Suggested length 2-3 paragraphs. Recruitment Procedures Provide a recruitment process to identify, screen, and recruit participants as it aligns with the methodological approach. Present the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participating in the project. Suggested length 2-3 paragraphs. Data Collection Process Provide a logical step-by-step data collection process as it aligns with the methodological approach. Suggested length 3-4 paragraphs. Ethical Considerations Identify potential ethical issues and provide a proposed plan to adhere to strict ethical standards. Include details regarding privacy, confidentiality, and data security procedures and concerns. Suggested length 1-2 paragraphs. The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) has offered a code since 1984 containing standards and values for government, nonprofits, and universities. A particular challenge which may arise in applying this Code of Ethics is ensuring that there is sufficient compliance. Proposed Data Analysis Plan Articulate data analysis techniques appropriate to project framework. Present a plan to analyze and present data with techniques that are appropriate to the project, framework, data sources, and sample size. Suggested length 3-4 paragraphs. References APA formatted reference section that includes a reference for each citation used in text. 6
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Project Plan Abner. (2021). Elevating the Case for Leadership Development Programs: Return on Investment Evaluations. Public Administration Review., 81(2), 291–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13284 Andrews, L. (2019). Public administration, public leadership and the construction of public value in the age of the algorithm and “big data.”   Public Administration ,   97 (2), 296– 310. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12534 Bao, Y., & Ge, L. (2019). Linking transformational leadership and value congruence among chinese police force: The mediating role of goal clarity and the moderating role of public service motivation.  Australian Journal of Public Administration, 78 (3), 373- 395.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12389 Bondarenko, S., Liganenko, I., & Mykytenko, V. (2020). Transformation of public administration in digital conditions: World experience, prospects of ukraine.  Social Development & Security, 10 (2), 76-89.  https://doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.2.9 Datta, P., Walker, L., & Amarilli, F. (2020). Digital transformation: Learning from Italy’s public administration. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, 10(2), 54– 71. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043886920910437 Denisova, A. I., Pisareva, O. M., & Suyazova, S. A. (2020). Analysis of international practice in the development and implementation of public administration digital platforms.  E- Management (Moscow, Russia), 3 (3), 34-44.  https://doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445- 2020-3-3-34-44 Di Giulio, M., & Vecchi, G. (2021). Implementing digitalization in the public sector. Technologies, agency, and governance. Public Policy and Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767211023283 7
Project Plan Ebbers, W. E., & van de Wijngaert, Lidwien A.L. (2020). Paper beats ping: On the effect of an increasing separation of notification and content due to digitization of government communication.  Government Information Quarterly, 37 (1), 101396.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101396 Guenduez, A. A., Mettler, T., & Schedler, K. (2020). Technological frames in public administration: What do public managers think of big data?  Government Information Quarterly, 37 (1), 101406.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101406 Hartley, J., Sancino, A., Bennister, M., & Resodihardjo, S. L. (2019). Leadership for public value: Political astuteness as a conceptual link.   Public Administration ,   97 (2), 239– 249. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12597 Laws, N. (2021). Sustainable Public Administration.   Sustainability,   13 (11), 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116382 Liu, C., Van Wart, M., Kim, S., Wang, X., McCarthy, A., & Ready, D. (2020). The effects of national cultures on two technologically advanced countries: The case of e‐leadership in south korea and the united states.  Australian Journal of Public Administration, 79 (3), 298-329.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12433 Mateescu, G., Stanciu, A., & Blei, A. (2021). Digital transformation of training programs for public administration.  Proceedings of the . International Conference on Business Excellence, 15 (1), 1171-1182.  https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0109 McQuiston, J., & Manoharan, A. P. (2021). E-government and information technology coursework in public administration programs in asia.  Teaching Public Administration, 39 (2), 210-226.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0144739420978249 8
Project Plan Roman, A. V., Van Wart, M., Wang, X., Liu, C., Kim, S., & McCarthy, A. (2019). Defining E‐leadership as competence in ICT‐Mediated communications: An exploratory assessment.  Public Administration Review, 79 (6), 853- 866.  https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12980 Schwarz, G., Eva, N., & Newman, A. (2020). Can public leadership increase public service motivation and job performance?  Public Administration Review, 80 (4), 543- 554.  https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13182 Shareef, M. A., Raman, R., Baabdullah, A. M., Mahmud, R., Ahmed, J. U., Kabir, H., Kumar, V., Kumar, U., Akram, M. S., Kabir, A., & Mukerji, B. (2019). Public service reformation: Relationship building by mobile technology.  International Journal of Information Management, 49 , 217- 227.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.03.007 Swain, R. D. (2019). Leadership lessons through the lens of historical military leaders: A pedagogical approach to teaching leadership theories and concepts in a Masters of Public Administration course. Teaching Public Administration, 37(2), 234–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0144739419832046 Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e- leadership: Identifying the elements of e-leadership.  International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85 (1), 80-97.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446 Vogel, D., Reuber, A., & Vogel, R. (2020). Developing a short scale to assess public leadership.   Public Administration ,   98 (4), 958–973. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12665 9
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Project Plan Weaver, J. (2017). The benefits of military experience in national leadership.  Public Administration Review, 77 (3), 326-326.  https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12752 Yakunina, G. E. (2020). Research of digital communications models within organizations and at the state level in the countries-leaders in the use of digital communication technologies.  E- Management (Moscow, Russia), 2 (4), 41-50.  https://doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2019-4-41- 50 10