week 8 plcy 805

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Communications

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Feb 20, 2024

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One of the most advanced quantitative methods that can be applied to public administration data is mediation and moderation analysis. After completing the Read items, what are the advantages of applying this analysis? How do an inadequate design, a flawed analysis strategy, and lack of attention to assumptions affect the use of mediation and moderation analysis? How does the researcher’s lack of theoretical framework concerning variables affect the application of mediation and moderation analysis?

Summarize King, Keohane, Verba, and Keohane's recommendations for dealing with bias in research. Our objective in research is to attain impartiality. This is accomplished by positioning the interval on the accurate estimation (King et al., 2014, p. 150). There are various origins from which research biases may arise, including measurement inaccuracies and causal inferences (King et al., 2014, p. 150). To rectify measurement errors, researchers can detect the reporting issue and revise survey questions to gain better outcomes, determine the bias's direction, and make modifications post hoc (King et al., 2014, p. 156). King, Keohane, and Verba also suggest picking observations and assigning explanatory variable values in a manner that avoids biases entirely. If that is not feasible, understanding the bias's size and direction is critical ((King et al., 2014, p. 199). If the magnitude and direction of the bias cannot be ascertained, a researcher should increase the level of uncertainty (King et al., 2014, p. 199). Researchers use controls to mitigate bias, but often they do not include enough controls or controls (King et al., 2014, p. 200). Summarize the main points of Angrist and Pischke's piece. Relate these points to public policy research design. In their analysis, Angrist and Pischke examine whether empirical research has made strides in credibility and quality since Leamer's discouraging evaluation of the field in 1983 (Angrist and Pischke, 2010, p.3). However, Angrist and Pischke have concluded that Leamer's criticisms are no longer valid due to significant advancements in the quality of empirical research designs (Angrist and Pischke, 2010, p.4). Their findings suggest that effective research designs employ random assignment, resulting in defendable outcomes. Angrist and Pischke acknowledge that

random assignment experiments can be impractical and costly (Angrist and Pischke, 2010, p.4), so they have looked to quasi-experimental designs for their real-world advantages. This matters for public policy research since it aim to draw reliable inferences about the real world. Quasi- experimental designs are desirable because they establish credibility and provide a data-driven case for causality (Angrist and Pischke, 2010, p.5). To ensure credibility, a solid research design is essential. The credibility of the research is of utmost importance in academic circles. Without reliable and trustworthy research, the validity of any scholarly work may come into question. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the research is conducted rigorously and that the results are presented clearly and concisely. Only then can we confidently conclude and make recommendations based on the findings. Describe the consequences of statesmen abandoning ethical and moral principles. An ethical approach to Public Administration is based on various factors. Firstly, faith is a common factor that influences ethical behavior. However, it is important to understand that not everyone believes in the intertwining of faith and ethics. Proverbs 11:3 states, "The integrity of the upright will guide them, but the crookedness of the treacherous will destroy them" (Holy Bible, New American Standard Bible, 1995). According to Bowman et al. (2001), there are four pillars of ethics: value awareness, reasoning skills, the role of law, and organizational implementation. Those who adopt an ethical approach are unwilling to deviate from established rules and guidelines, even if it means taking a more challenging path. Ethics play a critical role in daily decision-making. As Hijal-Moghrabi and Sabharwal (2001) explained, public administrators exercise great discretion in influencing and implementing policy decisions that can either benefit or harm affected parties. In public administration, it is easy to get swayed by

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unethical suggestions that are disguised as more accessible alternatives. It is our duty to prioritize safeguarding the basic rights of others, upholding the democratic processes established by the Constitution, and fostering both personal and analytical integrity, (Weimer and Vining, 2017, p. 55). Failure to adhere to moral and ethical principles can lead a statesman to act unscrupulously and breach the trust of their constituents, as noted by (Weimer and Vining, 2017, p.50). Such actions run counter to the biblical tenets of statesmanship we strive to uphold and undermine the ethical and moral standards that must be upheld. References Angrist, Joshua D., and Jörn-Steffen Pischke. “The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: HowBetter Research Design Is Taking the Con out of Econometrics.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 2 (2010): 3–30. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25703496 Bowman, J. S., Berman, E. M., & West, J. P. (2001). The Profession of Public Administration: An Ethics Edge in Introductory Textbooks? Public Administration Review , 61 (2), 194– 205. https://www.jstor.org/stable/977453 Hijal-Moghrabi , Imane & Sabharwal, Meghna. (2018) Ethics in American Public Administration: A Response to a Changing Reality, Public Integrity, 20:5, 459- 477. https://www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/doi/full/10.1080/10999922.2017.1419053 Holy Bible: New American Standard Bible. 1995, 2020. LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., Verba, Sidney, and Keohane, Robert O. O. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (2014). ProQuest Ebook Central. Weimer, David L., and Vining, Aidan R.. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. Florence: Taylor & Francis Group. (2017). ProQuest Ebook Central

week 8 plcy 805

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