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Communications
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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Introduction to Radiography Lesson 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e1jn20
1.
Maslow's Hierar-
chy of Human
Needs
Look back at slide
2.
1st Level - Physi-
ological
A person's most basic needs that are essential to life are
his/her
Physiologic Needs:
Food
Shelter
Clothing
The will to reproduce
3.
2nd Level - Safe-
ty
A feeling of Safety is essential to growing and developing.
Social environment
Physical environment
4.
3rd Level -
Love/Belonging
The need to be Loved
Emotional support
Warmth & closeness
Desire to love others & return affection
Desire to support & care for loved-ones
5.
4th Level - Es-
teem
The need to have satisfying relationships with others in the
larger social community
for self-esteem, self-respect and a unique identity.
Valued
Accepted
Appreciated
6.
5th Level
- Self-Actualiza-
tion
Creativity, self-expression and achievement
Work needs to be:
Useful
Productive
Valuable to others
7.
Neonate/Infant
(Birth to 1 Year)
From 1 month - 1 year: rapid physical growth & develop-
ment
1 / 7
Introduction to Radiography Lesson 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e1jn20
Reduce stress of the infant:
Keep the infant & parents together as much as possible
Limit the number of staff members
Provide familiar objects (blanket, toy, pacifier)
Provide a safe environment:
Never leave infant on flat surface unattended.
Keep crib rails up at all times.
Immobilize infant during exams.
8.
Young Chil-
dren-Toddler (1-2
Years)
Children are often fearful of leaving familiar surroundings,
so a cheerful radiographer can be reassuring to the anx-
ious child. False reassurances not only do
more harm than good, but also focus the child's attention
on pain.
Important Tips when Radiographing Young Children:
Let them bring a toy.
Be cheerful and unhurried.
Be honest and never tell the child it will not hurt.
9.
Preschooler (3-5
Years)
Children at this age demonstrate increased indepen-
dence. Encourage them to cooperate as much as possible.
Able to share information
Conversational
Need to make valid choices more than adults
Examples of communication:
Would you like to climb up on the table by yourself?
Have you ever had your picture taken by x-ray?
We're going to take a picture of your leg with this
special big camera.
10.
School Age (6-12
Years)
Give concrete information about the exam.
Be specific about the body areas that will be affected.
Use demonstration or models to explain exam.
Allow them to assist when possible.
11.
2 / 7
Introduction to Radiography Lesson 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e1jn20
Adolescents
(13-18 Years)
Special sensitivity is required for emotional needs.
Can be frightened or confused in stressful situations,
reverting to childlike behavior
Behavior may be unpredictable, acting like an adult
or like a child
Feel threats to their physical appearance
Capable of understanding abstract concepts
Involve them in decision-making as much as possible.
Avoid using authoritarian approach.
Modesty and privacy are paramount.
Do not talk to parent "about" the adolescent and
include the adolescent in all discussions.
Provide thorough explanations and use proper
medical terminology.
Ask about their favorite hobbies, sports, etc.
12.
Female Patients
of Childbearing
Age
The safest time for a woman of childbearing age to have
elective radiographic exams
is during the 1st 10 days following the onset of menstrua-
tion.
It is essential to question female patients of childbearing
age regarding:
Possibility of their being pregnant
Date of their last menstrual period
13.
Young Adult
(19-45 Years)
Involve them and their significant others in the procedure
and any decision making.
Tailor instructions and explanations about the exam to
their level of understanding.
14.
Middle Adult
(46-64 Years)
Chronic (persistent or lasting) conditions occur during this
period of life.
Toward the end of this life stage there may be:
Vision & hearing loss
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Introduction to Radiography Lesson 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e1jn20
Decreased short-term memory
Decreased balance & coordination
Loss of bone mass & skeletal height
Loss of skin elasticity
Decreased metabolic rate (less tolerant of heat/cold)
15.
Elderly
Elderly patients dislike being pushed or hurried along.
Take the extra few
minutes necessary to comfort them.
When caring for the elderly, it is best to:
Address them by their full name.
Keep instructions simple and direct.
Ageism - a discriminatory attitude toward the elderly that
includes a belief that all elderly are ill,
disabled, worthless, and unattractive.
16.
Important Con-
siderations when
Working with
Geriatric Patients
Geriatric Patients Have:
Increased pain threshold
Breakdown of skin
Atrophy (decline or waste away) of fat pads and sweat
glands
17.
Cultural Diversity
It is difficult to generalize about the cultural attitudes and
practices of any
Ethnic group, because individual variations within a group
depend on many factors.
Scope of diversity/Cultural groups:
Ethnic
Racial (distinguished by skin color and other
physical characteristics)
Gender (male or female)
Generational (Generation Y-millenials & X,
baby boomers, elderly)
Geographic (North/south, east/west coast, native
cultures in Hawaii, Alaska, and on & around
reservations, Mexican influences along southern
borders of Texas & California)
4 / 7
Introduction to Radiography Lesson 9
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Sexual preference
Religious variations
Physical status (blind, deaf, disabled, obese)
Socioeconomic status (low income, uninsured,
underinsured, middle income, affluent)
Various family structure (singles, single parents, etc)
18.
Equity
Health Equity means all patients have the same opportu-
nity to achieve wellness. This is a moral & ethical obligation
that all patients deserve a fair chance to be healthy.
Valuing everyone equally
Highest level of health for all people
Everyone has a fair & just opportunity to be healthier.
19.
Inclusion
Patient inclusion in healthcare decision-making is an ap-
proach to improve patient satisfaction
by including the patient in typical care team discussions.
Improves efficiency & quality of care
Minimizes the risk of miscommunication between all par-
ties
Bring together in a coordinated approach to the patient's
treatment:
Physicians
Therapists
Nurses
Other caregivers
This is essential as communication failure is one of the
most common causes of patient setback and delayed
discharge.
20.
Resource Scarci-
ty
Healthcare facilities are in the midst of resource scarcity
issues such as:
"Do more with less."
Producing more while wasting less.
More work with fewer tools
5 / 7
Introduction to Radiography Lesson 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e1jn20
Deliver a consistent level of service with fewer hands to
carry the load and
fewer experienced minds to problem-solve.
21.
Culturally Signif-
icant Attitudes
that Can Affect
Communication
Cultural traditions are passed down, affecting communica-
tion (verbal & nonverbal), which is
why it is important to establish rapport needed for effective
health care. Radiographers are
ethically required to meet the needs of all patients, being
aware of cultural differences and
providing care consistent with these varying needs.
22.
The Following
Signals Are Not
Perceived Simi-
lar in All Cul-
tures:
How close we stand when talking to another
Other reflections of courtesy to those around us
Repeated nods indicating respect instead of
agreement
Gestures, eye contact, postures, facial
expressions, tone of voice & touch
23.
Examples of Cul-
turally Diverse
Assumptions in
Communication
Assuming that a person wearing an American college shirt
speaks English
Nodding for universal sign of agreement
Patting a patient gently on the back as a comforting ges-
ture
24.
Communicating
with Patients
who Do Not
Speak English
Federal law guarantees the patient's right to communicate
effectively in health care situations,
regardless of whether they speak English or not.
~ Signs must be posted in admitting & emergency areas
advising patients of the availability of
of interpreters.
Remember:
Qualified interpreters are preferred over family translators.
Look at the patient as though he understands you (inter-
preter will translate what
you said exactly and maintain confidentiality).
Arrange for an interpreter whenever medical information is
essential.
Computer interpreter services & telephone translators are
available.
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