Assessment 2_updated

CVEN3401 ± Term 2 2023 ± Highway Geometric Design Page 1 14/07/2023 Highway Geometric Design Assignment Question 1 (3 marks) A driver is travelling at 95 km/h on a road. An object is spotted on the road 146 m ahead and the driver is able to come to a stop just before hitting the object. Assuming 2.5 seconds for reaction time and 0.36 for longitudinal deceleration, determine the grade of the road. (3 decimal places) Question 2 (3 marks) A car has a drag coefficient 0.34, a frontal area of 2.20 m 2 ͕ Ă ǁĞŝŐŚƚ ŽĨ ϭϭϱϬϬ E ĂŶĚ ʌ с ϭ͘ϮϮϱ ŬŐͬŵ 3 . It is travelling at a speed 156 km/h. The engine develops maximum power of 135 hp. What is the maximum grade this vehicle could ascend on a paved surface while its engine is developing maximum power? (3 decimal places) Question 3 (3 marks) At a specific instance, a car is travelling on a paved surface at 145 ݇݉ / ݄ with ܥ ܦ = 0.35, ܣ ݂ = 1.90 ݉ 2 , ܹ = 6000 ܰ and ߩ = 1.225 ݇݃ / ݉ 3 . Its engine is producing 120 ݄݌ of power and the coefficient of losses between the motor and the wheels is 90%. What will the ĐĂƌ͛Ɛ ŵĂdžŝŵƵŵ ĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ ƌĂƚĞ ďĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞƐĞ conditions on a level road? (Use the relationship ( ܨ ௘ ൌ ௉ൈఌ ௏ ) where ܨ ݁ is the force generated by the engine in N, P is the power in watts, V is the vehicle speed in ݉ /s and ߳ is the coefficient of losses between motor and wheels). (3 decimal places) Question 4 (3 marks) An engineering student is driving on a level roadway and sees a construction sign 180 ݉ ahead in the middle of the roadway. The student strikes the sign at a speed of 60 ݇݉ / ݄ . If the student was travelling at 90 ݇݉ / ݄ when the sign was first ƐƉŽƚƚĞĚ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ͛Ɛ associated perception/reaction time? How far back should the student have first observed the sign to be able to stop safely at a comfortable deceleration rate before hitting the sign? (3 decimal places) Question 5 (12 marks) A tunnel at level grade has a design speed of 120 km/h and curves of 1000 ݉ radius. The tunnel has one lane in each direction. Each lane is 4 ݉ wide and the sidewalk is 2 ݉ wide. (3 decimal places) a. Determine an appropriate superelevation rate for the circular curve. b. Check if the available sight distance exceeds the SSD. c. If the answer is no in part b, determine what the posted speed limit should be to ensure safe stopping. CVEN3401: Sustainable Transport and Highway Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Term 2, 2023

RT ⼆ 2 ， 5s d 0.36 V 95km h ⼆ 95to 26.39 mls Stopping sight distance 䂬 ⼗ 254 2752 是 烈 95 952 ssn ⼆ 25427521 36 o_o icy object spotted on the road 146m ahead 146 ⼆ 25 答 25427599 G 8.351 p 1.225kglm3 fair density1 G 0.34 Af ⼆ 22om2 Engine horsepower ⼆ 135hp lhp 746w 1351 pt oo7iowlw Nms 1ikinamttic of vehicles Eractwe 11 的 ⼗ RatRr ma Max grade to ascend on road given engineoperate at max.power 1 Power to over ome RA RA pen Af v2 RA ⼆ ixnzsxosaxz zxl.mn 器 19853NBA Rav Rn 19853x1156kmlhx 器 860 ， 2967W 2Power to oven come Rv Rr ⼆ hw

2 Rolling resistance I Rrl Rr few fi o 0111til f o 01 11 4 器 o 019 Rr o 019xbooo ⼆ 114.028N Total resistance 660790 114028 ⼆ 774.818N Reina ⼆ 774818x 40.278 31208.12 w Erie generated by engine 在 ⼆ 竺 Fe 8 您 0 2ooo2979N Extra tone provided for an elevation 2ooo2979 774818 1225 480N F ma 1225480 ⼆ 舉 ta a 3.270ms 2 i The car's maximum acceleration rate is 3 ， 27ms 2 V 60km h ⼆ 16.667mls U ⼆ 90 kmlh 25mls 1 Reaction time distance ISR SR R x V 3.6 2 Breaking distance SB SB U u2 zgldto.ci G

lal Perception1 reaction time Distance tuned 180m Assume d ⼆ 0 ， 36 a wrong to Table5 3 of Aumn Guide to road design Part 3 By SSD YY V2_u2 zgldto.nu 180m Tfmlh lot 器 三 qx 器 2 9811036tooixoi RT ⼆ 5234s ⼩ Distance t stop safely SSD 523 90km h Got 器 2 2 9811036 01 ⼆ 219327 m a Determine appropriate super elevation rate for cinuiar curve By linear distribution method Vemax G ⼆ 127Rlemaxtfmax Assume the roadis a rural highway f ⼆ Ǔ Ì ⼀ Grounded For design speed of Rokmlh emi 6 fmax ⼆ one 1120kmlhit6 咧 叫 6 ⼆ o 04 Grounded ⼆ O 045 4.5 f 器 o045 ⼆ o_o68 lfe.se max use emax to calculate 7 Hf also sfmax reduce designspeed Determine super elevation development length Le ⼆ 名 ⼗ To Sro ⼆ Le Le in

cven 3401 Q5 b Is amiable sight distant exceeds SSD Avalíable sight distance I Ru radius of centre t inner lane Rv R lane width Rv 1000 ⼀ 台 ⼆ 998m 2 m middle ordinate m inner lane road shoulder m ⼆ 台 2 4m 3 SSD Arc length of inner lane ⼆ Rv 信 4 ⼆ 2cosy R ⼆ 2cos 1191 害 10.263 SSD arc length of inner lane 998 佬 10 263 178.766m Required Going distance SSD Rjf Euz gldto 以 Assume d ⼆ 0.36 R 25s SSD 25 20 120 器 12 29811036 0 ⼆ 240.643 Therefore he auakablesightdstne does not exceeds SSD i Determine what t postedspeed limit should be Since the required stopping distance ⼆ 240 ， 643m round up ⼤ 245m 245 2 0 lot 器 12 2981xlo 36 01 V ⼝ 6 ， 274km h The posted speed limit should be less tin design speed 126274km h We can set it as 120 kmlhr

c. Comment on the adequacy of length of vertical curve on both the directions based on the design criteria: (a) stopping sight distance and (b) comfort and aesthetics. If the length of the curve is not sufficient suggest an improvement strategy. Question 10 (15 points) Two level sections of an east-west highway (G=0) are to be connected. Suppose it is necessary to keep the entire alignment within the 1300 ݉ that separate the two-level sections. It is determined that the crest and sag curves should be connected (i.e., the EVC of the crest and the BVC of the sag) with a constant- grade section that has the lowest grade possible. In solving this problem, use the design speed of 110 ݇݉ / ݄ , determine for the crest and sag vertical curves, the stationing and elevation of the BVCs and EVCs given that the westernmost level section ends at station 0+000.00 and elevation 44 and the elevation of the easternmost level section is 18. (3 decimal places) Question 11 (8 marks) Calculate the net earthwork required for a 400m long rural road section. The cross-sectional measured end areas at every 100m chainage are presented in the figure below. Assume that the material present on site is common earth with 10% reduction in volume. Cross-Section at every 100m chainage Fill = 5m 2 Cut = 18m 2 C.S 0+400 1.3m Fill = 35m 2 C.S 0+600 2.3m 2.2m Fill = 20m 2 C.S 0+500 0.8m Cut = 40m 2 C.S 0+700 2.4m Cut = 40m 2 C.S 0+800 2.5m 也 望 了 XL 10 等 XL

Qn 5 18 所 ig too 5 20 25251 5 g o o 2750 00 0 0 35 ioiiiii 4894 5106 35 35 35 ㄨ 489 恰 to8 o o o o_o 0 40 4014080801 ⼼⼼ 4000 cs 比 ⼀ cs to 23 Totals 457 97 5052.2 48.94 it 2.3a24 Net Earthworks ⼆ 元去 1 Hs yield Goo_yoo ⼆⼀ v47 4570 97 5052211 10 24m3 2 3 0 600 ⼗ ⼆ 0 ， 047 Need 24m more soil for the construction t 648.94 妥 108 8 1 61 9 it3 1.3 08 400500 ⼆ O 021 花 岳 ⼆ O 021 ⼗ ⼆ 461.9

Lc 85m Lsp ⼆ 80m ⼆ 450 i i Tteoi 85m.is 450 1 CurveRadius 2 Central Angle By a 笨 and L R 信⼼ 0 ⼆ 發 0 ⼆ ⾼ 9 ⼆ 0.404 rad 23.170 0 450 0 45x o 0.785rad Let o o205 3 Spiral Angle 0 0 785 20 0 0s 若 ⼆ 05 ⼆ 泰 州 ⼆ 019rad 10.90 0s 災 os ⼆ 弄 ⼆ 災 20 Sub 20into 0 When L 80m 0 0.185 2 笑 七 ⼆ l fi.io ⼆ 0785 ⼀ ⾄ k ⼆ 80 4 Einaz ⼆ 7971om ⼼ 怡 ⼼ le Ro YS ⼆ 6R Ǜ 336 ǜ spp 85 ⼆ R0 以 ⼆ 6xzniiim.fi qxap 5.064m 0 ⼆ 發 40 p ⼆ 箭 管 ⼆ 0.785 ⼀ 兵 P ⼆ ziiq ⼆ 1 ， 269 IE 筺 ࡣ? iqz ⼆ 39 ， 952m

T Rtpltn tk 下 ⼆ 1210.19 1 ， 269 ⼗ 㕧些 1 39.952 127.476m Station value TS ⼆ PI ⼀ ITS ⼆ 1150 01 10 ⼗ 127 4761 ⼆ 149 ⼗ 872 524 sc TS th SI ⼆ 1149872524 10 080 149 952.524 CS Sctlc Cs 149 952 524 10 0851 150 37.52 ⼗ 51 ⼆ Cstls ST ⼆ 1150 37.524 10to801 ⼆ 150 ⼗ 112524 l X y os dlcrtci ⽚ chord o o o o o 20 R Ǒ o 08 o_o nrad 0.23 20 40 39.99 0.63 o 048 0.90 3999 60 59 93 214 0.107 205 5997 80 7971 5.06 0190 363 7987 iii ǜ m LE Rea 管 oc Os ⼆ 点 ⼆ 点 iq c.ru 箭 四

Pkehnon ⼆ 100 35G Mekuatm ⼆ PVI elevation t Gz 信 所 ianiiiii elevation Not35 以 G G G G PVI elevation ⼆ 100m given yiitbxtc station in bin Pvci a ⾃若 elevation 100 35G C elevation at Pvc station ⼆ ⼗ 70 c 100 35G PUT elevation 100 35Gz station ⼆ ⼗ 70

I 10 1 10 1 Ǜ ī iiiii x iy in ⼀ PVI Ekunnniloo 北 ⼼ 5 Elevation to 1 g station 0 060 1 li ǜ kustmiotooo look Gi 0 a 4.36Zxió5 ⼆ 100 Y 4318xiit 100 Atrzom y 1o_o v09 Bridge clearance 5.4m

d other direction SSD 2 80 802 25410 ， 36 1.223 128m ss D a L i ok K ⼆ 点 802 129610.49.5 ⼆ 10 ， 06 Ckll44 i ok If the length of curve is not sufficient one of the strategy is ⺐ reduu the design speed so tat driver could have a longer avalíable stopping distance