223-Assignment3-IncaBridge-2023

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Arizona State University *

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223

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Civil Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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ASB 223, Project 3: Building an Inca Bridge Name: _Brandon Garner ____ FALL, 2023 DUE: November 27, 2021 When this is complete, upload your assignment on Canvas. You will write FOUR very brief passages about an Inca bridge, from different perspectives: three officials from Inca times and an archaeologist. Your answers should be based on these sources:  Read pages 468-475 of the article “Suspension Bridges of the Inca Empire” by Brian Bauer, and look at all the illustrations in the article. This article is posted on Canvas.  Read “How the Inca Leapt Canyons” (New York Times, 2007). This is on Canvas.  Review your notes about bridges, local village headmen ( kuraka ), labor taxes, and Inca administrators.  You may use other sources if you wish, but if you do, these should be at least informally cited.  TYPE your answers onto this sheet. Please keep the total length under 2 pages . 1. Initial construction of the bridge (30 points total; 15 points each question)  You are the headman ( kuraca ) of a village, and the Inca emperor has ordered you to build a new bridge over a nearby river gorge. There will be a new Inca road through your territory, and the bridge is needed for the new road. Fill out the following information: A. What materials will you need to gather to construct the bridge? (make a list)  Wood  Stone  Rope  Fiber  Chisels, hammers  Soil  Animal fats B. How will you organize the labor to do this task (be brief)? The labor will be organized by dividing the task into teams/groups needed to construct the bridge, and also create a rough time estimate in order to time manage everything. Every group will be assigned a specific job, such as collecting materials, designing, and construction. I would also be very open in communication and make sure everything is going the pace desired. By proper supervision and discipline. 2. Repair of the bridge (10 points)  As the headman ( kuraca ), you have also been ordered to keep the bridge in good repair. How often will the main cables probably have to be replaced? B.Once every year or two 3. Imperial administration of the bridge (30 points total; 15 points each question)  You are an imperial official , with big earspools, from the capital Cuzco. You have been sent to this remote area to keep track of the use of the new bridge (it has just been built). You will use your khipu to keep track of how many people and animals cross the bridge. 1

A. Apart from local villagers, who is likely to use the bridge? Besides local villagers, others that are likely to use the bridge are people such as travelers, messengers, traders, merchants, conquistadores, and even animals could make use of the bridge. B. When you have gathered information on the use of the bridge for a month, how will you get that information to the emperor in Cuzco? To relay crucial information about the newly constructed bridge in the remote area to the emperor in Cuzco, I will employ a detailed organized system. With the use of the khipu. The encoded data, intricately woven into the khipu, will be entrusted to a network of imperial couriers specially trained for long-distance travel along the Inca road. These couriers, equipped with the knowledge to decipher the encoded messages, will carry the khipu and a detailed written report detailing the bridge's usage, condition, and any notable events. 4. Archaeology of an Inca bridge (30 points total; 15 points each question)  You are an archaeologist sent by ASU to the Andes to find evidence of Inca bridges  Answer these questions: A. What kind of archaeological features and artifacts will indicate the presence of an ancient Inca rope bridge? Briefly describe what an archaeologist might expect to find at an ancient bridge setting. An archeologist can look for one of many things to determine the presence of an ancient Inca rope bridge. Such as wooden artifacts, fragments of rope/suspension system, worn down cables, pathways that lead to the bridge or various access points. Even remains of the bridges support base, like post or anchors planted within the ground. Things like platforms on either end of the bridge that also show it’s base support. B. What kind of evidence would allow you to determine which of the following two opposed hypotheses is likely correct? 1. Rope bridges were only built along imperial highways (and thus only used by official travelers), and local people used trails down cliffs and steep canyons to cross rivers. — OR — 2. Rope bridges were built along many types of smaller trails and roads, not just the main official imperial highways. In order to determine the likely hypothesis, the archaeologist(myself) must scrutinize the distribution and characteristics of discovered bridge sites. A concentration of evidence exclusively along imperial highways would support the first hypothesis, indicating a specialized network primarily for official travelers. Conversely, if evidence is found scattered across diverse trails and roads, aligning with the second hypothesis, it implies a widespread Inca rope bridge system catering to local communities beyond the imperial routes. Analyzing the dimensions, locations, and functions of the bridges will be instrumental in affirming or challenging each hypothesis. 2

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