AE_CivE_104_Final Exam_F21 (2)

AE 204 – Solid Mechanics 1 p. 3 Final Exam Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Fall 2021 University of Waterloo III. (10 points) A cantilevered retaining wall extends 10m long (into the page). The leg of the retaining wall has a length, L. The soil it supports has a weight density of 2000kg/m 3 and K=0.3. a) What is the greatest horizontal soil pressure that will act on the retaining wall? b) Calculate the vertical soil pressure acting on the retaining wall. c) Determine the total force exerted by the horizontal soil pressure and its distance from point O. d) Determine the total force exerted by the vertical soil pressure and its distance from point O. Leave your answer in terms of L. e) What is the minimum length, L, required to prevent the retaining wall from overturning?

AE 204 – Solid Mechanics 1 p. 6 Final Exam Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Fall 2021 University of Waterloo VI. (5 points) Answer all the questions related to one of the activities you have done during the tutorial sessions. You can make the choice of what activity out of the two you have done you want to answer the questions for. Please write the name of the activity you have chosen first and then answer the questions. Questions: 1. Arches • Why was the rubber mat used in the activity? • What did you conclude from the chain test? • How do arches carry loads (what keeps them from crumbling)? 2. Gothic Cathedral • What kind of forces do the flying but9tresses carry? • Does it matter in which sequence you are constructing the cathedral • Do you think that putting extra weight on the top of piers may help in the overall stability of the structure? 3. Suspension Bridge • What kind of force acts on the cables of a suspension bridge? • What kind of force does the deck generate on the bridge? • What kind of force does a moving car produce on the bridge? 4. Tanks & Culverts • Could you describe the change in the force as you go down the silo? Would you say the pressure stayed the same, increased linearly, or increased exponentially? • What kind of force does a pipe experience if water were to freeze inside of it? Why? • What kind of forces act on a culvert or tunnel? 5. Dams & Retaining Walls • What kind of force can a dam experience? • What happened when the rubber mat was removed from the base of the retaining wall? Explain why? • What is the effect of the leg length on the wall’s capacity? 6. Multi-force body • What rule can be used to find the orientation of a moment? • Can you apply a single force to a body at rest and have it remain at rest? • What mathematical operation does putting vectors head to tail correspond to? Activity Name: