Problem Set 6
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3/8/23, 8:57 PM Problem Set 6 https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/assignments/2488094#submit 1/3 Problem Set 6 ATS Canvas Support
Name : Hafiz Zohaib Aslam Problem Set 6. 1. How you can estimate T1 and T2 relaxation times for your sample without running full CPMG experiment or full T1IR experiment? Spin-lattice relaxation time T1 characterizes the rate at which the longitudinal Mz component of the magnetization vector recovers. It is thus the time it takes for the signal to recover 63% [1-(1/e)] of its initial value after being flipped into the magnetic transverse plane. It can be estimated by
𝑀?(𝑡) = 𝑀?, 𝑒𝑞(1 − 𝑒
−𝑡
𝑇1
)
T2 characterizes the rate at which the Mxy component of the magnetization vector decays in the transverse magnetic plane. It is the time it takes for the transverse signal to reach 37% (1/e) of its initial value after flipping into the magnetic transverse plane. Hence the relation is
𝑀??(𝑡) = 𝑀??(0)𝑒
−𝑡
𝑇2
)
2. What is the reason of the broadening of the –
NH, -SH, and –
OH signals? Most of labile protons such as –
OH, –
NH, –
SH are broadened since they undergo chemical exchange between solvent molecules and between each other.
3. By looking at the 1H NMR spectrum, qualitatively estimate the exchange rate for CH protons between 4.69 ppm and 3.88 ppm.
3/8/23, 8:57 PM Problem Set 6 https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/assignments/2488094#submit 2/3 In general, the exchange rate for CH protons can be estimated by analyzing their chemical shift values and their line shapes in the 1H NMR spectrum. The intensity of the exchange signals will correlate to the exchange rate constants. For the estimation of the rate constants a series of mixing times is selected. In this case, there is a slow exchange rate. They have about the same height, so their exchange rate is about the same.
4. What is the reason of line broadening solid state NMR. Describe ways for overcoming those issues. Solid-state NMR spectra are very broad, as the full effects of anisotropic or orientation- dependent interactions are observed in the spectrum. Broad lines are because of •
Dipolar coupling, resulting from direct dipole- dipole interactions between like nuclei (homonuclear) and different nuclei (heteronuclear) •
Chemical Shift Anisotropy •
Quadrupolar interaction Dipolar interactions could be suppressed by introducing artificial motions on the solid - this technique involved rotating the sample about an axis oriented at 54.74° with respect to the external magnetic field. This became known as magic-angle spinning (MAS).
3/8/23, 8:57 PM Problem Set 6 ATS Canvas Support
https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/assignments/2488094#submit 2/3 5. What information besides 13C chemical shifts you can extract from the CP-MAS spectrum? •
Crystallinity: sharpness and intensity of the signals strongly depends on the crystallinity of the sample. CP-MAS method is more efficient for the crystalline samples. •
Polymorphism. Unlike conventional 13C NMR, solid state NMR is more sensitive towards the crystalline structure giving the NMR spectra for different crystalline form different spectra. •
Mixture analysis •
3D structure elucidation 6. What is the structure of C
12
H
22
O
11
based on the provided spectral data: 1H: PS-6-1-1H.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677628?wrap=1) 13C: PS-6-1-13C.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677642?wrap=1) C13DEPT135: PS-6-1-DEPT135.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677675? wrap=1) COSY: PS-6-1-COSY.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677684?wrap=1) HSQC: PS-6-1-HSQC.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677693?wrap=1) HMBC: PS-6-1-HMBC.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677704?wrap=1) TOCSY: PS-6-1-TOCSY.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677713?wrap=1) NOESY: PS-6-1-NOESY.pdf (https://rutgers.instructure.com/courses/223912/files/30677719?wrap=1)
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