Experiment 3

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University of Maryland, Baltimore County *

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351L

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Experiment 3 - 9/27 1 Experiment 3 - 9/27 Katen Gulati Organic Chemistry Lab Post-lab discussion and questions: (1) Calculate the yield of recrystallization and then calculate the “theoretical yield of recovery after recrystallization”, i.e. yield you should obtain knowing the solubility unknown in water, weigh of unknown and volume of the solvent you use. Compare your recovery yield with the theoretical one, and comment if you get markedly lower of higher yield.
Experiment 3 - 9/27 2 I got a much lower recovery yield compared to my actual yield. This could be because of the substance being lost during filtration, or because of human error. (2) Identify your unknown based on the melting point of the pure sample, and melting points of the mixture of your sample with acetanilide or phenacetin. How much different was melting point temperature of your pure unknown from the value given in the manual for the authentic sample? Discuss briefly, what the reason could be for that difference. My unknown was phenacetin. The melting of a pure sample of phenacetin is 135 degrees celsius, the melting point of Acetanilide is 114 degrees celsius. The melting points of my unknown with acetanilide was 94 degrees celsius, and my unknown and phenacetin was 118 degrees celsius. The melting point of the mixture with acetanilide melted first at 94 degrees, leaving the pure substances of the unknown and phenacetin + unknown to be left and to both melt at 118 degrees celsius. This means the unknown had to be phenacetin because of the same melting point. The melting point was significantly lower than the authentic sample because of the impurities that were in my sample. There could have been filtering issues or impure substances which alters the melting point. Regardless, it was observed that phenacetin was the unknown substance. (3) Describe briefly what effect on the measured melting point temperature will have the following: (a) your sample is contaminated with small amount of material with higher melting point than your sample. The melting point will be higher since the small amount of material melts at a higher point, it will cause the overall substance to melt at a higher point. For instance, if there was a little bit of phenacetin mixed in with a sample of acetanilide, there would be some phenacetin properties which cause a higher melting point. (b) your sample is not dry. If the sample is not dry, there can be a lower melting points since the liquid makes it easier for it to change from a solid to liquid. When a substance is fully dry, it is a solid and has to melt to a liquid phase. (c) you heated the sample too fast in the melting point apparatus.
Experiment 3 - 9/27 3 The equillibrium is not fully reached which creates to much variety in melting points. If the equillibirum is not reached, then there will be a low melting point to recorded. This is because the system as not fully converted, and has many impurities. (4) Suppose you have three test tubes with three substances, A, B, and C with nearly the same melting point. Describe how would you proof experimentally (having only melting point apparatus in hand) that these are not the same substances. Using the Same method we used for the acetanilide, the phenacetin, and the unknown, we can take two of the substances (B and C) and mix them with A in two tubes. We then have a test tube with A and B and one with A and C. We test the melting points of these and if one does not follow the theoretical melting point, then it they are not the same substances. For example, if A and B have the same melting point as A, then they are the same substance, and if they do not, they are different substances.
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