Module 1 Problem Set_ Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher

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12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 1/18 Module 1 Problem Set Due No due date Points 10 Questions 21 Time Limit None Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 1,135 minutes 10 out of 10 Score for this quiz: 10 out of 10 Submitted Jul 25 at 8:42pm This attempt took 1,135 minutes. 0 / 0 pts Question 1 Your Answer: On a piece of scratch paper, write out the Lewis Dot Diagram for each of the indicated elements and determine the following for each: a) The number of Lone Pairs the atom possesses in its valence shell. b) The number of Unpaired Electrons the atom possesses in its valence shell. c) The number of bonds the atom will form. 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen 1. O 2. Two lone pairs 3. Two unpaired electrons 4. two bonds
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 2/18 2. C 3. Zero lone pairs 4. Four unpaired electrons 5. four bonds 3. H 4. Zero lone pairs 5. One unpaired electron 6. one bond 4. N 5. One lone pair 6. three unpaired electrons 7. three bonds Answer: Oxygen – a) 2 b) 2 c) 2 Carbon – a) 0 b) 4 c) 4 Hydrogen- a) 0 b) 1 c) 1 Nitrogen – a) 1 b) 3 c) 3 0 / 0 pts Question 2 Classify the bonding between the given pairs of atoms as ionic, covalent, or polar covalent. Use the table of electronegativities shown below to help with the classification.
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 3/18 Your Answer: a. Br and Br b. K and Cl c. P and Cl d. C and O e. Na and Br a. covalent b. Ionic c. covalent d. polar covalent e. ionic Answer: a. Br-Br: Electronegativity difference ( ) = 0 = COVALENT (or pure covalent) b. K-Cl: ( ) = 2.2 = IONIC c. P-Cl: ( )= 0.9 = POLAR COVALENT d. C-O: ( )= 1.0 = POLAR COVALENT e. Na-Br: ( ) = 1.8 = POLAR COVALENT
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12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 4/18 0 / 0 pts Question 3 Your Answer: Define the term constitutional isomer. Constitutional isomers are compounds with the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas. Answer: Two (or more) different chemical compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity between the atoms in their structural formulae. 0 / 0 pts Question 4 Your Answer: Explain (using specific evidence) what makes the following two compounds constitutional isomers of one another: Both compounds are , but they are arranged differently and have different connectivity.
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 5/18 Answer: Both compounds have a MF of C H O – same MF. Compound “a” has a 3-carbon chain with a C=O in the middle. No H atom connected to C of C=O. Compound “b” has a 3-carbon chain with a C=O at the end. There is an H attached to the C of the C=O. 3 6 0 / 0 pts Question 5 Your Answer: What is the relationship between the compounds shown? Are they the same compound, constitutional isomers, or two different compounds that are not related to one another? Explain. These are different compounds. (a) is C3H8O and (b) is C3H6O,
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 6/18 Answer: Different compounds that are not related. They have different MF – (a) C H O, (b) C H O. 3 8 3 6 0 / 0 pts Question 6 Your Answer: Identify each of the following carbon skeletons as linear (continuous), branched, or cyclic. a. branched b. linear c. cyclic Answer: a) Branched b) Linear (continuous) c) Cyclic
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12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 7/18 0 / 0 pts Question 7 Your Answer: On a piece of scratch paper, write out structural formulae for all of the constitutional isomers possible for the MF C H F . How many isomers are possible for this formula? 3 6 2 3 Answer: FOUR (shown below) 0 / 0 pts Question 8 Your Answer: Characterize each of the following structural formula representations as either a dash, condensed, super-condensed, or bond-line formula: a. super condensed
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 8/18 b. dash c. bond line formula d. condensed Answer: a) Super-Condensed b) Condensed c) Bond-line d) Dash 0 / 0 pts Question 9 Your Answer: Write the molecular formula for each of the compounds whose bond-line formulae are given below. a. b. c.
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 9/18 Answer: a) C H b) C H O c) C H O 5 10 3 8 4 10 0 / 0 pts Question 10 Your Answer: Which bond-line formula shown below represents a constitutional isomer of CH CH CH CH CH ? 3 2 2 2 3 B Answer: (b) 0 / 0 pts Question 11 Which of the following structures does NOT have the molecular formula C H ? 6 14
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12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 10/18 Your Answer: D Answer: (d) 0 / 0 pts Question 12 The structural formula:
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 11/18 Your Answer: Has what molecular formula? a. C H b. C H c. C H d. C H e. C H 7 16 6 14 7 14 6 12 7 12 C Answer: (c) 0 / 0 pts Question 13 Your Answer: The compound carbon monoxide has the following structural formula: What is the formal charge on the carbon and the oxygen? Show your calculation. What is the overall charge on the molecule? The charge on the carbon is -1. Carbon has four valence electrons, and five are being used. Giving it a charge of -1 The charge on the oxygen is +1. Oxygen has six valence electrons, and five are being used. Giving it a charge of +1. The overall charge is 0
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 12/18 Answer: Carbon = 4-(2+3) = -1 Oxygen = 6-(2+3) = +1 Overall = FC Carbon + FC Oxygen = [-1 + (+1)] = 0 0 / 0 pts Question 14 Your Answer: For the following example of resonance: Which structure (a or b) represents a “major” resonance contributor to the hybrid? Briefly explain why. a
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12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 13/18 Answer: Structure “a” is a major contributor. All of the atoms have complete valences and in addition, all of the atoms have a formal charge of zero (All of the atoms are meeting their LDD bonding pattern). 0 / 0 pts Question 15 Your Answer: Describe how individual resonance structures impact the true structure of a molecule or polyatomic ion. There is only one true structure. But charges are distributed to other resonance structures, and the electron pair is always moving. Answer: Each contributing individual resonance structure contributes characteristics to the overall hybrid structure of the compound. The hybrid “averages” bond lengths and formal charges by delocalizing them among atoms that share them in each contributing individual resonance structure. 0 / 0 pts Question 16 On a piece of scrap paper, draw the resonance structure “b” that would result from redistributing the electrons as shown on structure “a” in the diagram below:
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 14/18 Your Answer: For your structure “b”, complete the table with the information requested: # of LONE PAIRS # of SINGLE BONDS # of DOUBLE BONDS Formal Charge Oxygen Carbon (I) Carbon (II) Lones pairs and Bonds # lone pairs # single bonds # double bonds formal charge Oxygen 0 1 1 +2 Carbon I Carbon II
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 15/18 0 / 0 pts Question 17 Your Answer: Describe the shapes associated with the atomic orbitals associated with the main elements of organic chemistry. S waves are spherical and P waves are shaped similar to dumbbells. The S and P waves. The S and P waves are the two orbitals most likely to bond. Answer: S orbitals are spherical (single lobe), while P orbitals are dumbbell-shaped (two lobes). 0 / 0 pts Question 18 Explain how bonds are formed between atoms from the perspective of atomic orbital theory.
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12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 16/18 Your Answer: The orbital is where there is a >90% chance of electrons forming a bond. Bonds are formed between atoms when their individual atomic orbitals overlap. Answer: Atoms form bonds by overlapping individual atomic orbitals from each atom to produce molecular (bonding) orbitals. 0 / 0 pts Question 19 Your Answer: Explain the two types of atomic orbital overlap that contribute to bond formation in organic molecules. End on overlap creates sigma bonds are formed by end-on overlap of atomic orbitals of the S orbit. Sideways overlap, is associated with p-orbitals. They are formed when two p-orbitals overlap and bond in a pi orbital. Answer: End-on overlap of atomic orbitals leads to the formation of sigma (single) covalent bonds. Sideways overlap of P orbitals leads to the formation of pi (multiple) covalent bonds. 0 / 0 pts Question 20
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 17/18 Your Answer: Using the VSEPR method, predict the molecular geometry (shape and bond angle) around the indicated atoms for the following structure: a) C(I) b) C(II) c) N d) S a. tetrahedral, 109.5 degrees b. trigonal-planar, 120 degrees c. tetrahedral, 109.5 degrees d. tetrahedral, 109.5 degrees Answer: a) C(I) = 4 bond pairs = TETRAHEDRAL, 109.5° b) C(II) = 3 bond pairs = TRIGONAL PLANAR, 120° c) N = 3 bond pairs/1 lone pair = TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL, 107° d) S = 2 bond pairs/2 lone pairs = ANGULAR/BENT, 105° 10 / 10 pts Question 21
12/14/23, 8:42 PM Module 1 Problem Set: Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab-2021-Gallaher https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/1430/quizzes/35841?module_item_id=151508 18/18 Your Answer: As a reminder, the questions in this review quiz are a requirement of the course and the best way to prepare for the module exam. Did you complete all questions in their entirety? Yes Quiz Score: 10 out of 10
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