Basic CONCEPTS EX
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School
Metropolitan Community College, Omaha *
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Course
1010
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
9
Uploaded by BailiffChinchilla3967
Name
ZQLQM
L:B(
Date
Experiment
Basic
Concepts
in
Measurements
Objectives:
«
To
become
familiar
with
the
use
of
laboratory
instruments
and
procedures.
+
To
become
familiar
with
the
concepts
of
precision
and
accuracy
in
making
measurements
Supplies
Provided
in
the
kit
Provided
by
the
student
Weigh
boats
Object
that
weights
at
least
5.0
gram
Beaker
Irregularly
shaped
object
that
easily
fits
into
the
Graduated
Cylinder
graduated
cylinder
;
Pipet
5
pennies
Pipet
Bulb
Syringe
=
|
Experimental
Procedure
and
Data
Collection
Part
I.
Mass
Determinations
1.
Determining
the
precision
of
a
digital
balance.
Select
an
object
with
a
mass
of
at
least
5.0
grams.
[
a.
d.
Remove
the
object
and
re-zero
the
balance.
e.
Determine
the
mass
a
second
time.
fliRepeat
the
process
of
re-zeroing
the
bal
determinations
have
been
made.
|l
}
g.
Calculate
the
average
mass
of
that
object
and
the
standard
deviation
as
described
on
p.
3
of
the
Prelab
of
the
lab.
nd
determine
the
mass
of
that
same
object
until
a
total
of
five
1
Te
measure
|
it
witl
i
Trial
Mass
1
L{
average
mass
*
+
Standard
Deviation
.
T
e
3
L.
T
v
5o
.45
R
SRS
e
She
e
Name
Date
Calculate
the
average
mass,
showing
your
calculations
[add
your
experimental
values
and
then
divide
the
sum
i
~lowest
vale
Calculate
the
standard
deviation:
standarddeviation~
ra;fi;e
=
higest
Vau‘f/fi
s
Part
I1.
Volume
ination:
In
choosing
an
instrument
to
make
measurements,
you
want
to
pick
the
instrument
that
you
assume
will
provide
the
most
accurate
measurement
and
will
allow
you
to
make
the
most
precise
measurements
in
series
of
samples.
Beakers,
graduated
cylinders,
pipets
and
burets
each
have
graduations
to
indicate
the
volume
contained
in
the
glassware.
In
this
experiment,
you
will
be
comparing
the
accuracy
of
these
four
types
of
glassware
by
measuring
the
same
volume
(10
mL)
with
each
instrument.
A
10.00
mL
sample
should
have
a
mass
close
to
10.00
g,
depending
on
the
temperature
of
the
water.
The
closer
the
mass
of
your
water
sample
to
the
theoretical
mass,
the
greater
the
accuracy
of
the
measuring
instrument.
Based
on
the
actual
mass
of
water
obtained
from
each
type
of
glassware,
you
can
determine
which
of
the
available
measuring
instruments
would
provide
the
most
accurate
volume
measurement.
You
will
then
test
your
ability
and
the
ability
of
the
instruments
to
make
a
set
of
precise
measurements.
Assemble
the
following
glassware
to
make
your
measurements:
One
50
mL
beaker
making
sure
it
has
a
10
mL
marking
One
10
mL
graduated
cylinder
One
10
mL
pipet
One
10
mL
syringe
Observe
the
markings
on
each
instrument
and
predict,
based
on
the
markings,
which
instrument
you
think
will
provide
the
most
accurate
measurement.
Provide
your
prediction
on
the
data
sheet
page
33
in
the
space
provided.
This
prediction
should
be
recorded
IN
INK
before
beginning
the
next
section
so
that
you
can
compare
your
prediction
with
your
actual
experimental
findings.
The
comparison
of
the
volumes
of
water
measured
for
each
exercise
will
be
done
based
on
the
mass
of
the
sample
of
water
measured.
Even
though
the
density
of
the
water
changes
slightly
with
temperature,
we
will
assume
that
the
density
of
water
for
this
exercise
is
1.00
g/cn¥.
When
making
volume
measurements,
a
variety
of
measuring
instruments
are
available.
«
In
performing
the
first
set
of
measurements,
you
will
determine
which
of
the
available
measuring
instruments
is
the
best
choice
for
making
the
most
accurate
measurements
(measuring
and
amount
closest
to
the
target
quantity
of
water).
«
In
performing
the
second
set
of
measurements,
you
will
determine
your
ability
to
make
precise
measurements
using
the
same
instrument
by
making
multiple
measurements
of
the
same
quantity
of
water.
This
set
of
measurements
determines
both
the
precision
of
the
instrument
(the
ability
to
make
reproducible
measurements),
and
of
your
ability
to
use
that
instrument
to
make
repetitive
measurements.
A.
Determining
the
accuracy
of
a
measuring
instrument:
Which
measuring
instrument
do
you
predict
is
the
most
accurate?
w;g&mwflr
1.
Label
4
plastic
weigh
boats
A,
B,
Cand
D.
2.
Determine
the
mass
of
each
weigh
boat
on
the
digital
balance
and
record
the
mass
on
line
a
of
the
correct
column
on
the
data
table
below.
Nan
d.
The
syringe
as
a
measuring
instrument
g;sr:zgrfi?i:‘ds;zlger:fi%mens
using
the
correct
number
of
significant
digits
as
determined
by
the
precision
of
a.
The
beaker
as
a
measuring
instrument
1)
tl‘#;tt‘a/
c:ltleemgeraduations
on
the
beaker
so
that
You
can
use
the
correct
number
of
significant
digits
in
recording
2)
Add
distilled
water
to
a
50
mL
beaker
to
the
10
mL
line.
3)
Transfer
the
water
to
the
weigh
boat
labeled
A.
4)
Determine
the
total
mass
(water
plus
weigh
boat).
5)
Record
the
total
mass
on
line
b
in
column
1
on
the
data
table
below,
6)
E;termine
the
mass
of
the
water
by
subtraction
and
record
the
value
on
low.
b.
The
graduated
cylinder
as
a
measuring
instrument
1)
Note
the
graduations
on
the
graduated
cylinder
so
that
You
can
use
the
correct
number
of
significant
digits
in
recording
the
volume,
.
Add
water
to
a
10
m|
linder
to
the
10
mL
line.
Remembe
of
the
meniscus.
&R
ing
adl
3)
Transfer
the
water
to
the
weigh
boat
labeled
B
4)
Determine
the
total
mass
(water
plus
weigh
boat).
5)
Record
the
total
mass
of
weigh
boat
plus
water
on
6)
Determine
the
mass
of
the
water
by
subtraction
and
record
the
value
on
data
table
below.
line
¢
of
column
1
of
the
data
table
duated
read
the
volume
from
the
bottom
Oul
0
line
b
of
column
2
on
the
data
table
below.
line
¢
of
column
2
of
the
table
on
the
C.
The
pipet
as
a
measuring
instrument
Before
you
start
this
section,
if
you
haven’t
used
a
pipet
bulb
like
the
one
provided
in
the
kit,
please
review
the
directions
by
following
the
link
provided
under
the
heading
of
“Using
a
pipet
bulb”.
pipet.
This
is
a
volumetric
pipet
which
can
be
used
to
measure
only
a
single
volume
of
liquid,
in
this
case
10
mL
of
water.
There
should
be
a
line
etched
into
the
pipet
above
the
bulb
portion.
This
india-:'tes
the
calibrated
volume
of
a
particular
pipet.
2)
Note
the
accuracy
of
the
pipet
as
recorded
near
the
top
of
the
pipet.
BJ
Using
the
pi
ipet
bulb,
draw
up
water
to
the
10
mL
linm
include
it
in
your
repo
4)
Transfer
the
water
to
the
weigh
boat
labeled
C.
5)
Determine
the
total
mass
(water
plus
weigh
boat).
6)
Record
the
total
mass
of
weigh
boat
plus
water
on
line
b
of
column
3
of
the
data
table
below.
7)
Determine
the
mass
of
the
water
by
subtraction
and
record
the
value
on
line
¢
of
column
3
of
the
data
table.
1)
Note
the
graduations
on
the
syringe
so
that
you
can
use
the
correct
number
of
significant
digits
in
recording
the
volume.
ice
how
to
use
the
syringe.
The
water
will
be
drawn
up
into
the
syringe
to
a
level
greater
than
the
desired
R
4
t
has
been
drawn
into
the
syringe
to
float
to
the
top.
volume.
The
syringe
is
then
inverted
to
allow
any
air
tha
:
n
The
air
can
then
be
dispelled
through
the
opening
of
the
syringe
by
depressing
the
plunger.
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Name
Date
3)
Draw
up
a
volume
of
water
past
the
10.0
mL
mark
on
the
syringe.
4)
Invert
the
syringe
to
allow
any
air
bubbles
to
float
to
the
top
of
the
syringe.
5)
Dispel
the
extra
water
until
the
plunger
is
on
the
10.0
mL
mark
on
the
syringe.
off
any
extra
dros
of
water
from
the
outsude
surface
of
the
tip.
TEKEEIDICIUTECICaTSHOWING
7)
Transfer
the
10
mL
of
the
water
to
the
weigh
boat
labeled
D
by
slowly
depressing
the
plunger
on
the
syringe.
8)
Determine
the
total
mass
(water
plus
weigh
boat).
9)
Record
the
total
mass
of
weigh
boat
plus
water
on
line
b
of
column
4
of
the
data
table
below.
10)
Determine
the
mass
of
the
water
by
subtraction
and
record
the
value
on
line
¢
of
column
4
of
the
data
table.
5.
Dispose
of
the
water
down
the
sink
and
dry
out
your
4
weigh
boats
for
the
next
exercise.
Data
Collection
Weigh
Boat
A
(beaker)
B
(cylinder)
C
(pipet)
D
(syringe)
Linea:
Mass
of
Weigh
Boat
Q.Ql
.30
9
,,’3
X
;).'57
Line
b:
Mass
of
Weigh
boat
and
water
1614
[
9%
.97
[9.97
Linec:
Mass
of
Water
.95
Q(OZ
9,499
9.9
Questions
based
on
a
comparison
of
instruments
to
make
accurate
volume
measurements.
In
Part
A,
you
compared
four
instruments
to
determine
which
would
most
accurately
measure
a
10.00
mL
sample
of
water.
To
determine
which
of
the
instruments
provided
the
most
accurate
measurement
of
water,
you
determined
the
mass
of
the
water
collected.
The
density
of
water
is
1.00
g/mL
so
the
expected
mass
of
the
ten
milliliters
of
water
would
be
10.0
g.
1.
Compare
the
experimental
values
on
line
¢
in
each
column.
Which
measuring
instrument
gave
a
sample
with
a
mass
closest
to
the
predicted
value?
9
(Syrinae)
Il
2.
Which
instrument
is
the
least
accurate
for
measuring
the
10.00
mL
volume
of
water?
A
(beaker)
3.
Explain
why
there
is
a
difference
in
the
mass
of
the
samples
of
water
using
the
different
measuring
instruments.
Be
specific.
“The
fi\‘nnm,(,
Q/es
urm)
A
d/nmw
F>
ad‘cmg,
o
YAl
{1)
m&“f
19
Dm«?wf
nound—
11
b
%lj/n/\%
Name
Date
B.
Determining
the
precision
of
repetitive
measurements
1.
Determining
the
precision
of
a
pipet
as
a
measuring
instrument.
a.
Use
the
4
weigh
boats
from
the
previous
exercise
and
record
the
mass
of
each
weigh
boats
on
the
data
table
below.
b.
Making
sure
the
weigh
boats
are
dry,
use
the
pipet
provided
to
transfer
10.00
mL
of
water
to
each
of
the
4
weigh
boats.
.
Determine
the
mass
of
each
sample
(weigh
boat
+
water)
and
record
it
on
the
line
b
in
the
appropriate
column
of
the
data
table
below.
d.
Determine
the
mass
of
water
in
each
sample
by
difference
and
record
that
value
of
line
¢
of
the
appropriate
column
on
the
data
table
below.
e.
Determine
the
average
mass
of
the
4
water
samples
and
record
the
value
on
the
data
table.
f.
Determine
the
approximate
standard
deviation
between
the
four
samples
and
record
the
value
on
the
appropriate
line
below
the
data
table.
g.
Discard
the
water
and
dry
the
weigh
boats
for
the
next
exercise.
Data
Collection
Using
only
the
pipet
for
making
the
measurements
Weigh
Boat
A
B
C
D
Linea:
Mass
of
Weigh
Boat
qu
Q
‘2”’
Q"l%
Q
%0,
Lineb:
Mass
of
Weigh
boat
plus
water
.
kO
[1.20
1/,"]7
[P
Linec:
Mass
of
Water
9.4/
99
9.49
993
Show
your
calculations.
Average
mass
of
water
for
the
four
samples:
920
Standard
Deviation
for
your
samples:
Average
mass
of
water
-
standard
deviation:
C,Q(P
+
o
QA58
6.253
%
variation:
avi‘r:;’e
X100%
=
Ao
X007,
~
0.033
s
2.
Determining
the
precision
of
a
beaker
as
a
measuring
instrument.
a.
Use
the
4
weigh
boats
from
the
previous
exercise
and
record
the
mass
of
each
weigh
boats
on
the
data
table
below.
b.
Making
sure
the
weigh
boats
are
dry,
use
a
50
mL
beaker
to
transfer
10.00
mL
of
water
to
each
of
the
4
weigh
boats.
c.
Determine
the
mass
of
each
sample
(weigh
boat
+
water)
and
record
it
on
the
line
b
in
the
appropriate
column
of
the
data
table
below.
0.25%
5
oy
X
00
Name
Date
Determine
the
mass
of
water
in
each
sample
by
difference
and
record
that
value
on
line
¢
of
the
appropriate
column
on
the
data
table.
Determine
the
average
mass
of
the
4
water
samples
and
record
the
value
on
the
data
table.
Determine
the
approximate
standard
deviation
between
the
four
samples
and
record
the
value
on
the
appropriate
line
below
the
data
table.
Using
only
the
beaker
for
making
the
measurements
Weigh
Boat
A
B
C
D
Linea:
Mass
of
Weigh
Boat
R
I‘?
;)303
;2(19
937
Lineb:
Mass
of
Weigh
boat
plus
water
10§
3
3D
|
0.0Y
?js
Linec:
Mass
of
Water
2,
LY
9012
7
5
11
Show
your
calculations.
Average
mass
of
water
for
the
four
samples:
%1
Standard
Deviation
for
your
samples:
Average
mass
of
water
-
standard
deviation:
§
'
£
20y
Z
3
O
s.D.
&88_0_)(
|60
s
o
|
%
variation:
X100%
=
3.
&
e
\
average
Questions
based
on
a
comparison
of
instruments
to
make
precise
volume
measurements.
$
¥
In
part
B
you
compared
the
precision
of
two
measuring
instruments,
a
pipet
and
a
beaker,
by
making
four
repetitive
measurements
using
each
instrument.
Determining
the
average
and
the
standard
deviation
is
an
indication
of
the
precision
of
the
set
of
measurement.
For
both
the
beaker
and
the
pipet,
how
does
the
mass
of
each
of
the
individual
samples
(A
-
D)
compare
to
the
average
mass
calculated
for
each
instrument
(how
large
or
how
small
a
range
of
values
relative
to
average)?
esker:
I
O‘U%Q/
b
Me
vos2y
i
gn
e
Dopor
sade,
almos
|
wadns,
My
wos
0
waler
Y
i
Ppet
LA\
MG
G
w8y
et
o8
nmc
s
cume
s
W\’A\\O@
and
_yure
Percisc
From
question
#1,
what
conclusion
can
you
derive
concerning
the
precision
for
eachinstrument,
the
pipet
and
the
beaker?
\
Tk
e
Fmdflxrl
(—’w
M
pigek
13
befle,
a1
morce_
presive
%/\
A
beokesr.
i
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Name
Date
3.
Describe
at
least
three
factors
that
could
have
contributed
to
any
error
between
the
measured
samples,
explaining
how
each
factor
might
contribute
to
error
(explain
how
you
think
the
error
influenced
the
results
of
the
measurement).
Note:
human
error
is
not
considered
an error
as
any
factor
that
contributes
to
an
error
relates
back
to
a
human.
é:\qfically
describe
the
error
itself.
M-
oer
wottr
Sem
Me
thvmsr
expierments
Con
J‘fl\}hmmc
Ue
?xD\fmmi
sy
&/L«
palt,
Uxd
MLMJa/
Ny
fiomv‘}'i/m’un
i
b,
D«?c%
ar
Vel
b
AL
digh.
4.
Do
you
think
the
size
of
the
sample
would
influence
the
precision
of
the
measurement?
In
other
words,
is
it
easier
to
precisely
measure
1.00
mL
or
100.00
mL?
Or
is
it
easier
to
make
precise
repetitive
measurements
of
a
smaller
or
larger
lume?
Explain
your
answer.
3
mng
e
fiim
:\)r‘\cwx
soaller
50
Ae
BNt
more
MCA’BY
N
.
C.
Volume
by
displacement
When
it
is
necessary
to
determine
the
volume
of
an
irregularly
shaped
object
or
an
object
that
is
very
small,
provided
the
object
does
not
dissolve
in
water
and
will
completely
immerse
in
the
water,
the
volume
can
be
determined
by
displacement.
The
volume
of
two
separate
objects
will
be
determined
in
this
portion
of
the
lab,
a
rock
of
irregular
shape
and
a
single
penny
which
is
small
enough
in
its
dimensions
that
its
volume
is
difficult
to
measure
directly.
1.
Determining
the
volume
of
an
irregularly
shaped
object.
-Choose
an
imegularly
shaped
object
such
as
a
rock
and
a
100
mL
graduated
cylinder.
Test
to
make
sure
that
your
|nto
the
ope
ng
of
he
linder
but
do
NOT
drop
the
object
into
the
empty
GLASS
cylinder.
h
b.
Consider
the
size
of
the
object
and
the
graduatlons
on
the
graduated
cylinder,
make
a
prediction
on
how
many
mL
of
water
will
be
displaced
by
the
rock
and
record
your
prediction
below.
c.
Fillthe
grc:duated
q'hnder
at
least
half
full
with
distilled
water.
Record
the
volume
on
the
appropnate
line
below.
e.
Determine
and
record
the
new
volume
on
the
appropriate
line
below.
f.
Determine
the
volume
of
the
object
by
subtraction
and
record
the
volume
on
the
appropriate
line.
Name
Date
Data
Collection
1)
Predicted
volume
of
the
object
in
mL
M
fim
L
2)
Volume
of
water
in
graduated
cylinder
W
LO
0
mb
3)
Volume
of
water
+
obejct
(an
=
4)
Volume
of
the
object
Aml
Questions:
1)
Based
on
your
comparison
of
your
prediction
with
the
actual
experimental
volume,
is
it
easy
to
estimate
the
volume
of
an
irregularly
shaped
object?
Explain
your
answer
including
any
problems
that
might
make
the
flr(\ahondrffcult.
%
Weird
$ize
ond
Sape
Can
make
it
Vo
beonvse
With
Ahe
weird
vhape
2)
Provide
at
least
two
examples
where
using
volume
by
displacement
might
not
work
and
explain
why
this
method
would
not
be
appropriate
for
each
example.
%
S
o
Selid
e
dende
|
(dh.au
I
Pleats
&y
Here
1>
o
(Lo
o
Fell
mhw\
B
o
‘\‘o\l@
O
sometlyng
+he
pods
(oh
weker
cpose
Mo
rvatian
wm
men
witn
e
pesolts.
2.
Determining
the
volume
of
a
small,
regularly
shaped
object
—
a
single
penny?
a.
Obtain
5
pennies.
b.
Choose
a
graduated
cylinder
with
an
opening
large
enough
to
accommodate
the
diameter
of
a
penny.
c.
Fill
the
graduated
cylinder
at
least
half
full
with
distilled
water.
Record
the
volume
on
the
appropnate
line
below.
f@Piace
the
5
pennies
in
the
graduated
cylinder
along
with
the
water.
S
e.
Determine
and
record
the
new
volume
on
the
appropriate
line
below.
f.
Determine
the
volurQe
of
me}pengs
by
subtraction
and
record
the
volume
on
the
appropriate
line
below.
g.
Determine
the
volume
of
an
individual
penny
by
dividing
the
total
volume
by
5
and
record
the
volume
on
the
appropriate
line
below.
Data
Collection
[
1)
Volume
of
water
in
graduated
cylindfi\-@/"\\‘\
2)
Volume
of
water
+
pennies
AYm|
\
3)
Volume
of
the
five
pennies
Uml
4)
Volume
of
an
individual
penny
|
(
Zan
Name
7@
//\
Date
1.
Explain
how
the
age
of
the
penny
might
influence
the
volume
of
that
penny.
Provide
a
specific
explanation
if
the
volyme
of
the
penny
would
be
expected
to
increase
or
decrease
or
remain
the
same.
H“
ta
¢
M
whin
A
Panny
W
el
<
ith
difrnt
Xoings
Ul
copper;
nickel_eke]
07
e
ost
ot
o
oy
v
weer
gn
U
\0an
2.
The
government
changed
the
metal
composition
of
the
penny
in
1982
to
increase
the
percent
zinc
(the
metal
qf
lesser
density)
but
kept
the
dimensions
of
the
penny
the
same.
How
could
you
use
that
information
to
determine
when
a
particular
penny
was
minted
if
the
year
on
the
penny
was
eroded?
T
O
plume
5
Jess
¢
ymee
%
(ould
Be
US€e)
an
Ahe
ferny
tg/w
ddrerve,
3.
You
have
won
a
contest
that
will
award
you
a
mass
of
gold
equal
to
the
mass
of
100
pennies.
You
know
that
the
composition
of
the
penny
changed
in
1982
from
95%
copper
(d
=
8.95
g/cm?®)
and
5%
zinc
(d=7.14
g/cm®)
to
97.5%
zinc
and
2.5%
copper.
You
have
a
choice
of
pennies
to
use
as
your
standard:
all
minted
prior
to
1982,
all
minted
after
1982
or
a
random
mixture
of
pennies without
consideration
of
date
minted.
Which
set
of
pennies
would
you
choose
to
use
for
reference
mass
for
your
winnings?
Be
specific
in
your
explanation
explaining
why
you
made
your
choice.
T
(el
doke
all
the
oennic
Prior
o
(HR
ay
Yle
cormpiston
wmdd
be
d-'
heavier
maderals
and
wreold
Vaw
o
apeater
masy
€‘Mf4|/19
Vo
2@\&.
J
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Cald
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the importance of the experimental study
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A ALEKS - Daniela Garcia Gonzalez X
+
www-awu.aleks.com/alekscgi/x/Isl.exe/1o_u-lgNslkasNW8D8A9PVVfeR1Y7GY2KsT3SAA8EqmvAn... Q
O MEASUREMENT
Daniela
Setting up a unit conversion
A student sets up the following equation to convert a measurement.
(The ? stands for a number the student is going to calculate.)
Fill in the missing part of this equation.
Note: your answer should be in the form of one or more fractions multiplied together.
olo
(-49 x 10 ) 0=
ug
0= ?
x10
dL
mL
Ar
Explanation
Check
© 2021 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accessibility
11:49 PM
Type here to search
12/5/2021
미□
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Part C
Enter an equality for the following medication in stock: 80 mg of Clozapine per 1 tablet of Clozapine.
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
HA
?
1 tablet of Clozapine =
Value
Units
of Clozapine
Submit
Previous Answers Request Answer
P Pearson
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved. I Terms of Use I Priv
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