Recitation Worksheet Eight

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Recitation Worksheet Eight (Ch. 6.2 (calorimetry)-6.4) Name: UGA ID: Instructions: § Please enter your first and last name as it appears on the eLC roster (do not use a nickname that is not reflected in eLC). § Your UGA myID is a combination of letters and numbers (example: mine is jmj81738). Do not enter your 81x number. § Download this worksheet and print it if you have a printer. Write the answers in the answer boxes and show your work when appropriate. Using the instructions in the Welcome module on eLC, convert your worksheet to a PDF and then upload it to Gradescope. If you have an iPhone or Android device, you can scan and upload directly through the Gradescope app. The pages must be in the correct order or Gradescope will not be able to read it. § If you do not have a printer, download the worksheet and type your answers in the answer boxes and upload it to Gradescope. Write your work on separate sheets of paper, convert these pages to a PDF using the instructions in the Welcome module on eLC, then upload them to the dropbox on eLC for this worksheet. § If you are using an app to annotate the worksheet, make sure the pages are in the correct order and have the same layout as the original or Gradescope will not be able to read it. § Answers must be written in the corresponding answer box or no credit will be awarded. § This worksheet is due no later than 9:00 AM on the Saturday of the recitation week. § The instructions for uploading worksheets to Gradescope can be found in the Content area of eLC in the Welcome Module. § You must show your work to receive credit. § A periodic table and formula sheet are attached to the end of this worksheet. Please keep these attached to your worksheet in the correct order when submitting to Gradescope. 1. What is false about a coffee-cup calorimeter? A. It is a form of constant-pressure calorimetry B. Any heat change by the system is equal but opposite to the heat change of the calorimeter C. The heat exchanged measured must have correction made for PV work before the enthalpy can be calculated D. The heat exchanged is equal to the enthalpy change E. More than one of the above is false
2. A student goes to lab and mixes two solutions together that are both originally at room temperature causing a reaction to occur. After mixing, the student notes that the temperature of the solution decreases. Which of the following statements are true ? Select any that apply. A. The reaction is absorbing energy B. The reaction is releasing energy C. The reaction is exothermic D. The reaction is endothermic 3. In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 51.0 mL of 0.100 M Ba(NO 3 ) 2 and excess H 2 SO 4 are mixed to yield the following reaction: Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) → BaSO 4 (s) The two solutions were initially at 23.00 °C, and the final temperature is 23.80 °C. Calculate the heat that accompanies this reaction in kJ/mol of BaSO 4 formed. Assume that the combined solution has a mass of 102.0 g and has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/g·°C. A. -67 kJ/mol B. -340 kJ/mol C. -5.1 × 10 -3 kJ/mol D. -0.34 kJ/mol E. -6.7 × 10 4 kJ/mol F. 67 kJ/mol
4. A student wants to use calorimetry to study the precipitation reaction of sodium carbonate and lead(II) nitrate according to the balanced reaction below: Na 2 CO 3 (aq) + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) → 2 NaNO 3 (aq) + PbCO 3 (s) They add 100. mL aliquots each of the two salts to a calorimeter with 200. mL of water (for a total final volume of 400. mL) and observe an increase in temperature of 0.999 °C. If the density of the mixture is 1.03 g/mL and the specific heat of the calorimeter is 4.18 J/g·°C, what was the original molarity of the lead(II) nitrate if they know sodium carbonate was in excess? The heat of precipitation in kJ/mol of lead(II) carbonate is -25.2 kJ/mol. Report your answer in standard notation . M
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5. Under what condition(s) is bomb calorimetry performed? 6. A 7.10 g sample of aniline (C 6 H 5 NH 2 , molar mass 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of 13.87 kJ/°C. If the initial temperature was 25.8°C, what is the final temperature of the calorimeter? The heat of combustion for aniline is -3.20 ´ 10 3 kJ/mol. Report your answer in standard notation . °C A. Constant temperature B. Constant volume C. Constant pressure D. Both constant volume and pressure E. None of the above
7. A new biofuel is being tested in a bomb calorimeter. The bomb calorimeter has a heat capacity of 11.2 kJ/K. If 0.9884 g of the biofuel is combusted, causing the temperature of the calorimeter to rise by 2.76 K, what is the heat of combustion of the biofuel in kJ per gram of the biofuel? Report your answer in standard notation . kJ/g 8. A student goes to the lab to perform a bomb calorimetry experiment using 7.00 grams of an organic compound. Upon combustion, they note a temperature increase from 25.50 °C to 33.50 °C in their bomb calorimeter. Based on this information, what was the heat capacity of the calorimeter in kJ/°C? The molar mass of the compound is 342.34 g/mol and its heat of combustion is -1.917 × 10 3 kJ/mol. Report your answer in standard notation . kJ/°C
9. A 25.0 g sample of gold is heated to 90.00 °C and placed in 155 mL of cyclohexane (d = 0.779 g/cm 3 ). After some time, the temperature of both the cyclohexane and gold reaches a final temperature of 24.05 °C. Assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings, what was the original temperature of cyclohexane (in °C)? Report your answer to three significant figures and standard notation . Specific heat of gold = 0.129 J/g·°C Specific heat of cyclohexane = 1.85 J/g·°C °C
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10. What is true of the reaction represented by the following diagram? Select any that apply. A. It is endothermic B. It is exothermic C. 824.2 kJ of heat are released when 1 mole of Fe 2 O 3 (s) is formed D. 1648.4 kJ of heat are absorbed when 2 mole of Fe (s) and 3 moles of O 2 (g) react E. 1648.2 kJ of heat are absorbed when 2 moles of Fe 2 O 3 (s) is formed 11. Consider a hypothetical reaction below... 4 A + 3 B ® 5 C + 9 D D H rxn = 525.0 kJ ...then determine D H rxn of the hypothetical reactions below using this information. Report your answers to four significant figures and standard notation . 10 C + 18 D ® 8 A + 6 B D H rxn = kJ A + 3 4 B ® 5 4 C + 9 4 D D H rxn = kJ
12. Determine D H rxn for the reaction: Fe 2 O 3 (s) + 3 CO (g) ® 2 Fe (s) + 3 CO 2 (g) 2 Fe (s) + 3 2 O 2 (g) ® Fe 2 O 3 (s) D H rxn = -824.2 kJ CO (g) + 1 2 O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) D H rxn = -282.7 kJ Report your answer to three significant figures and standard notation . D H rxn = kJ 13. Determine D H rxn for the reaction: 5 C (s) + 6 H 2 (g) ® C 5 H 12 (l) C 5 H 12 (l) + 8 O 2 (g) ® 5 CO 2 (g) + 6 H 2 O (g) D H rxn = -3244.8 kJ C (s) + O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) D H rxn = -393.5 kJ 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) ® 2 H 2 O (g) D H rxn = -483.5 kJ Report your answer to four significant figures and standard notation . D H rxn = kJ
14. Which of the following statements regarding standard states and standard enthalpies of formation are false ? Select any that apply. A. The standard state of a pure gas has a pressure equal to 1 torr B. The standard state of a solution has a concentration equal to 1 M C. The ΔH° f of a pure compound is the change in enthalpy when 1 or more moles of a compound forms from its constituent elements regardless of their state (i.e. solid, liquid, etc.) D. A pure element in its standard state has a ΔH° f equal to 0 E. The ΔH° f of solid fluorine, F 2 (s), is equal to that of gaseous fluorine, F 2 (g), because they have the same chemical composition 15. Which of the following elements below is not in its standard state? Select any that apply. 16. Which of the following is a standard formation reaction? Select any that apply. A. O 2 (g) + 2 F 2 (g) ® 2 OF 2 (g) B. Xe (l) + 2 F 2 (g) ® XeF 4 (g) C. Fe (s) + 3 2 Cl 2 (g) ® FeCl 3 (s) D. Hg (s) + 1 8 S 8 (s) ® HgS (s) E. 2 Br 2 (l) + C (graphite) ® CBr 4 (s) A. Na (s) D. Hg (g) B. Cl 2 (s) E. S 8 (s) C. Ne (l) F. Ti (s)
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17. Which of the following correctly illustrates the ΔH° f of lithium sulfate? A. Li 2 SO 4 (s) ® 2 Li (s) + 1 8 S 8 (s) + 2 O 2 (g) B. Li 2 SO 4 (s) ® 2 Li + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) C. Li 2 SO 4 (s) ® 2 Li (s) + 8 S (s) + 2 O 2 (g) D. 2 Li + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) ® Li 2 SO 4 (s) E. 2 Li (s) + 1 8 S 8 (s) + 2 O 2 (g) ® Li 2 SO 4 (s) F. 2 Li (s) + 8 S (s) + 2 O 2 (g) ® Li 2 SO 4 (s) 18. Determine ΔH° rxn for the reaction below using the given ΔH° f values in the table. SO 2 Cl 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (l) ® 2 HCl (g) + H 2 SO 4 (l) Substance ΔH° f (kJ/mol) SO 2 Cl 2 (g) -364 H 2 O (l) -286 HCl (g) -92 H 2 SO 4 (l) -814 Report your answer to two significant figures and standard notation . kJ
19. Determine ΔH° rxn for the reaction below using the given ΔH° f values in the table. CH 4 (g) + 4 Cl 2 (g) ® CCl 4 (g) + 4 HCl (g) Substance ΔH° f (kJ/mol) CH 4 (g) -75 Cl 2 (aq) -23 Cl 2 (g) 0 CCl 4 (g) -96 HCl (g) -92 Report your answer to three significant figures and standard notation . kJ 20. What is ΔH° f for SO 3 (g) if the ΔH° rxn for the reaction below is -198 kJ? 2 SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) ® 2 SO 3 (g) Substance ΔH° f (kJ/mol) SO 2 (g) -297 Report your answer to three significant figures and standard notation . kJ
Extra Practice Questions: these questions will not be graded. 1. A 5.45 g sample of calcium oxide is dissolved in a 101.50 g of water in a coffee cup calorimeter. Afterward, the temperature of the solution is observed to increase from 23.4 °C to 41.2 °C. If the specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/g·°C, what is the enthalpy change for the reaction of CaO with water (shown below) in kJ/mol? Report your answer in standard notation . CaO (s) + H 2 O (l) → Ca(OH) 2 (aq) Hint: the mass of the solution is the sum of both calcium oxide and water. kJ/mol
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2. The heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter can be determined by burning 7.59 g of methane, which has an energy of combustion of -802 kJ/mol CH 4 . The temperature of the calorimeter was initially measured at 23.2 °C and rose to 31.2 °C. What is the heat capacity (kJ/°C) of the bomb calorimeter? Report your answer in standard notation . kJ/°C 3. When 3.12 g of glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6 , is burned in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 23.8 ºC to 35.6 ºC. The student running the experiment forgot to calibrate the calorimeter, but they know the calorimeter contains 775 g of water and the bomb instrument itself has a heat capacity of 893 J/ºC. Estimate the heat of combustion (kJ/mol) of the glucose sample. Report your answer in standard notation . Hint: the heat produced by the reaction is absorbed by the water and the bomb. kJ/mol
4. A 30.0 g sample of water at 280. K is mixed with 50.0 g water at 330. K. Calculate the final temperature (K) of the mixture assuming no heat loss to the surroundings. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g·K. Report your answer in standard notation . K
5. The combination of coke and steam produces a mixture called coal gas, which can be used as a fuel or as a starting material for other reactions. The equation for the production of coal gas is: 2 C(s) + 2 H 2 O (g) → CH 4 (g) + CO 2 (g) Determine the standard enthalpy change for this reaction based on the standard enthalpies of reaction below. Report your answer to three significant figures and standard notation . C (s) + H 2 O (g) → CO (g) + H 2 (g) D H rxn = 131.3 kJ CO (g) + H 2 O (g) → CO 2 (g) + H 2 (g) D H rxn = - 41.2 kJ CH 4 (g) + H 2 O (g) → 3 H 2 (g) + CO (g) D H rxn = 206.1 kJ kJ
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6. Chlorine monofluoride can react with fluorine to form chlorine trifluoride: ClF (g) + F 2 (g) → ClF 3 (g) r Hº = ??? Use the reactions below to determine ∆ r Hº for the above reaction. 2 OF (g) → O 2 (g) + 2 F 2 (g) r Hº = -49.4 kJ 2 ClF (g) + O 2 (g) → Cl 2 O (g) + OF 2 (g) r Hº = +214.0 kJ ClF 3 (g) + O 2 (g) → 1/2 Cl 2 O (g) + 3/2 OF 2 (g) r Hº = +236.2 kJ A. -104.5 kJ B. +2.5 kJ C. -153.9 kJ D. +367.9 kJ
7. Determine D H rxn for the reaction: Zn (s) + 1 8 S 8 (s) + 2 O 2 (g) ® ZnSO 4 (s) Zn (s) + 1 8 S 8 (s) ® ZnS (s) D H rxn = -183.92 kJ 2 ZnS (s) + 3 O 2 (g) ® 2 ZnO (s) + 2 SO 2 (g) D H rxn = -927.54 kJ 2 SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) ® 2 SO 3 (g) D H rxn = -196.04 kJ ZnO (s) + SO 3 (g) ® ZnSO 4 (s) D H rxn = -230.32 kJ Report your answer to five significant figures and standard notation . D H rxn = kJ
8. Which of the following is not a standard formation reaction at room temperature? You may assume the states of matter of the products are written in their standard state. Select any that apply. A. C (diamond) + O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) B. Cu (s) + 1 2 O 2 (g) ® CuO (s) C. 2 Na (l) + Cl 2 (g) ® 2 NaCl (s) D. As (s) + 1 1 2 H 2 (l) ® AsH 3 (s) E. Ca (s) + C (graphite) + 3 2 O 2 (g) ® CaCO 3 (s) 9. Which of the following is a standard formation reaction at room temperature? You may assume the states of matter of the products are written in their standard state. Select any that apply. A. ½ H 2 (g) + ½ Cl 2 (g) → HCl (g) B. 2 Na (s) + H 2 (g) + 2 C (s, graphite) + 3 O 2 (g) → 2 NaHCO 3 (s) C. 3 Zn (s) + 2 P (g) → Zn 3 P 2 (s) D. Sr (s) + Br 2 (g) → SrBr 2 (s) E. Fe (s) + 1/8 S 8 (s) + 2 O 2 (g) → FeSO 4 (s)
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10. What is ΔH° f for IF (g) if the ΔH° rxn for the reaction below is -89 kJ? IF 7 (g) + I 2 (s) ® IF 5 (g) + 2 IF (g) Substance ΔH° f (kJ/mol) IF 7 (g) -941 IF 5 (g) -840 Report your answer to two significant figures and standard notation . kJ/mol 11. Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) has been proposed as an alternative fuel. Calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion (kJ/mol) for ethanol. Substance ΔH° f (kJ/mol) C 2 H 5 OH (g) -278.0 CO 2 (g) -393.5 H 2 O (l) -286 Report your answer to four significant figures and standard notation . kJ/mol
Formula Sheet Length 1 kilometer = 0.62137 mile 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters (exactly) 1 ngstrom = 1 × 10 −10 meter Energy 1 joule = 1 kg·m 2 /s 2 1 calorie = 4.184 joules 1 Calorie = 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories 1 L·atm = 101.325 joules Pressure 1 pascal = 1 N/m 3 = 1 kg/m·s 2 1 atmosphere = 101.325 kilopascals = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 14.70 lb/in 2 1 bar = 1 × 10 5 Pa (exactly) Temperature 0 K = −273.15°C K = °C + 273.15 °C = (5/9)(°F − 32) Mass 1 kg = 2.205 lbs Volume 1 mL = 1 cm 3 = 1 cc Constants c = 2.998 × 10 8 m/sec h = 6.626 × 10 −34 J·sec R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K = 8.314 J/mol·K Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g∙K Mass of an electron: 9.109 x 10 −31 kg Mass of a proton: 1.673 x 10 -27 kg RH = 2.18 x 10 −18 J Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g∙K STP = 273.15 K and 1 atm Avogadro's number: 6.022 × 10 23 Equations d (density) = m/V P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 V 1 /T 1 =V 2 /T 2 P 1 V 1 /n 1 T 1 =P 2 V 2 /n 2 T 2 PV=nRT (P + a(n 2 /V 2 ))·(V − nb) = nRT molar mass (M) = mRT/PV density (d) = MP/RT x A = n A /n tot = P A /P tot = V A /V tot
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P tot = P A + P B + … n tot = n A + n B + … 𝜇𝜇 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 3 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑀𝑀 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑅𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑒𝑒 𝐴𝐴 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑅𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑜𝑜𝑒𝑒 𝐵𝐵 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐵𝐵 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐴𝐴 Q = C × ΔT = c specific × m × ΔT Q = n × ΔH (kJ/mol) = m × ΔH (kJ/g) w = −PΔV ΔE = q + w ΔH° = ΣnΔHf°(products) − ΣnΔHf°(reactants) ΔH° = ΣnΔH°(bonds broken) − ΣnΔH°(bonds formed) E=hν c=λν λ = h/mv ∆𝐸𝐸 = 2.18 × 10 −18 𝐽𝐽 ( 1 𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓 2 1 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖 2 ) C g = kP g P solution =P solvent X solvent P solution =∑P j =∑P j X j ΔT b = K b m i ΔT f = K f m i π = MRT i Thermodynamic and Electrochemistry S = k b × ln( W ) k b = 1.381 × 10 −23 J/K ΔS = q rev /T ΔS surr = q surr /T = −q rev /T ΔS univ = ΔS sys + ΔS surr ΔS° rxn = Σ ν products − Σ ν reactants ΔH° rxn = Σ ν products − Σ ν reactants ΔG° rxn = Σ ν products − Σ ν reactants ΔG = ΔH TΔS G = G° + RT∙lnQ R=8.314 J/mol.K G° = −RT∙lnK G= −nFE cell F = 96485 J/(V∙mol e ) cell = RT/nF lnK cell = (0.0257/n) lnK = (0.0592/n) logK E cell = E° cell − (RT/nF) lnQ E cell =E° cell − (0.0257/n) lnQ Electrolysis: Q (total charge) = I × t = n × F
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Integrated Rate Laws & half-life Equilibrium and Acid / Base K P = K c × (RT) Δn pH = −log[H 3 O + ] K w = 1.0 × 10 −14 at 25 °C K w = [H 3 O + ] × [OH ] K w = K a × K b pK a = −log[K a ] Buffer: pH = pK a + log ln 𝐾𝐾 2 𝐾𝐾 1 = 𝐻𝐻 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 ° 𝑅𝑅 ( 1 𝑇𝑇 1 1 𝑇𝑇 2 )
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