Jillian_Melick_Lab02_Feedstuffs

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North Carolina State University *

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231

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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ANS 231: Animal Nutrition Lab 2: Feedstuffs – Forages and Roughages, Energy Feeds, Protein Supplements, Mineral Supplements Lab Assignment Section 1. Visual observations of feedstuffs (10 pts) For Name  Identify the forages, roughages, energy feeds, protein supplements, and mineral supplements using the ANS231 Feedstuffs Explorer and the PowerPoint from class. Complete the information in the table for each one. You may need to enlarge the table to include your description. You have 18 samples to include in this table. For classification  Forage, roughage, energy feed, protein supplement, mineral supplement For additional classification, do the following:  For Forages Select grass or legume  For Grasses Select: warm season or cool season For physical characteristics  Descriptions should be in your own words. They should include color, texture, smell, etc. Copying information from the NCSU Feedstuffs Explorer with a few word changes is not considered your own words. Information in the course website, Forage and Energy Feeds PowerPoint, and NCSU Feedstuffs Explorer should provide sufficient information to complete the Lab 2 Assignment file. Sample ID Name Classification Additional Classification Physical characteristics - description 1 Whole wheat Energy feed Whole seed 2 Wheat bran milling Energy feed Shredded, flakey 3 Salt lick Mineral supplement Pink salt, granulated 4 Ground limestone Mineral supplement White/grey, pebbles 5 Shredded beet Energy feed Dried, shredded, flakes

pulp 6 Rolled steam barley Energy feed Flat, rolled, crushed 7 Dehydrated alfalfa pellets Protein supplement Green chunks 8 Whole oat Energy feed Whole grain, long 9 Whole corn Energy feed Kernal, whole, yellow 10 Soybean meal Protein supplement Yellow, flakey 11 Dried molasses Energy feed Brown powder 12 Dicalcium phosphate Mineral supplement Fine white power, small rocks 13 Cotton Dry roughage Dried cotton, hull 14 Soybean hulls Dry roughage Flakey, ground, fine 15 Alfalfa hay forage legume Green, leafy 16 Oat grass forage Cool-season, pasture Seeds, thick, stalk-like 17 Coastal grass forage Warm- season, pasture, silage Dry, brittle, stringy 18 Orchard grass forage Cool-season, pasture Small seeds, thin Section 2. Representative Sample (1 pts) Discuss how you could apply the information in the videos on taking a representative sample. Include at least 3 specific examples of information you obtained from viewing the videos. We can apply this information by doing the correct procedures for the different types of samples. Like for the sampling of small square bales we can take 20 cores from any of the probes and then send it to be tested. Then for sampling and analysis of hay for feeding horses we want something that is stainless steel so we can get an accurate sample for feeding our horses. Then for large samples we can use a quartering method to get our representative sample that we need. Section 3. Forage Analysis (3 pts) Paste the table you made from the forage analysis activity in the Moodle book section on forage analysis (viewing results from alfalfa hay, grass hay, grass pasture, and corn silage). Use the information in the lesson and in your table to answer the following questions. categorie s Alfalf a hay Grass hay Grass pastur e Corn silage CP 20.4% 14.3 % 7.55% 9.3% Energy 63% 60% 57.76 70.8

% % NDF 40.2% 55.4 % 65.23 % 40.8 % ADF 30.7% 35.5 % 43.63 % 24.3 % Ca 1.23% 0.52 % 0.34% 0.24 % P 0.22% 0.34 % 0.24% 0.26 % a. Is it better to compare forages on an “as submitted basis” or a “dry matter basis”? Explain your answer using one of the analyses. DM basis, because it allows to have more accurate measurements between feeds. You don’t have extra moisture to compare on a submitted base. b. Explain how ADF values differ for the forage samples. Which sample do you expect to have greatest digestibility? Least digestibility? Why? ADF values have forage samples of soluble that is not in acid detergent, lignin, or cellulose. The greatest one will be the corn silage at 24.3% and the least will be the grass pasture at 43.63% since its mostly insoluble materials compared to the other that is not made of mostly insoluble materials. c. Compare the CP concentration of the samples? The highest cp concentration is the alfalfa hay which has more protein compared to the others that have a lower cp concentration. d. How do the samples differ in Ca and P? They correlate with each other so for example the alfalfa is high in Ca but has a low P amount. So we can say that the higher the Ca amount the P amount will be lower and visa-versa. e. Using the information from sample analysis, and your answers to a through d above, what do you conclude about the relative nutritive value of these 4 feedstuffs? That these all are good options for feedings but we have to look at what we want specifically to feed our animals and see what their missing. But also determining if it has the nutritional value that the animals need to sustain themselves. Section 4. Problem (3 pts) You are interested in the nutrient composition of a lot of hay you just bought and also a pasture that you plan to graze. You take samples in an appropriate manner from the pasture and the hay, and send a representative sample of each for analysis. Report of Analysis (As Submitted Basis)

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Item Hay 1 Hay 2 Dry Matter % 92 89 CP, % 11.6 9.7 NDF, % 65.3 68.4 ADF, % 39.8 42.1 Compare the 2 forages on a 100% DM basis and discuss their nutritive value (show your work on the calculations). Answers should be rounded to two decimals. Which one do you think is more mature? Explain your answer. You need to convert these to a 100% DM basis to compare the chemical composition. Chemical component Hay 1 Hay 2 Crude protein, % 11.6/0.92= 12.61% 9.7/0.89= 10.90% NDF, % 65.3/0.92= 70.98% 68.4/0.89= 76.85% ADF, % 39.8/0.92= 43.26% 42.1/0.89= 47.30% Section 5. Comparisons (3 pts) For each of the following feedstuffs list the uses, the benefits, and the disadvantages (if any) to using the feedstuff in animal feed compared to using typical feed grains. Note if the feedstuff is used at a particular stage of growth.  Fish meal: high protein, good source of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals. Most common in aquatic feed. Some disadvantages are that they are unstable and can spontaneously combust if its not stored correctly. This means it can cause an increase in biogenic amines and this can cause elevated levels of gizzard erosion in chickens.  Plasma protein or blood cells: Protein feed, 78% protein and is very digestible, commonly used for young pigs but the only real disadvantage is that it’s very expensive.  Dairy products (more than one): milk can be used for monogastrics and ruminants, excellent source of protein, calcium, vitamin B and D, its low in lactose and helps the gut health. Some disadvantages are that they have saturated fat which can cause metabolic disease