201 F23 Expt 5 acid base procedure worksheet_draft_3
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University of Calgary *
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Course
201
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
10
Uploaded by ProfOxidePigeon16
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
1
of
10
Your name:
Your ID#:
Your Group members’ names:
Safety
You must review the cautions carefully before going
into the lab.
As with all experimental procedures, the materials used in
this lab have safety aspects to consider and should be
handled with care. You should always wear appropriate
PPE in the lab and may need gloves when handling
chemicals.
Diethyl ether and dichloromethane are both toxic, volatile
solvents. Diethyl ether is also flammable (including its
dense fumes) and dichloromethane is a carcinogen and
irritant. Avoid inhalation and contact with skin/eyes.
These solvents should be used carefully and
in the
fumehood.
Note that dichloromethane easily penetrates
gloves so it is best to avoid contact, and change gloves if
the solvents touch them. Also, the volatility of these
solvents means that, when in a closed system (like a
stoppered test tube), the buildup of pressure can create an
explosion hazard.
Please be careful with stoppered test
tubes and follow the instructions on the worksheet
carefully. Make sure to keep your test tube in the
fumehood. Pay attention to the TA demo on how to
shake the test tube.
HCl and NaOH are both corrosive acids and bases,
respectively. HCl is toxic to the respiratory system. Avoid
inhalation and contact with skin/eyes. Do not use metals
with corrosive substances so as to avoid damaging them.
2,6-dichloroindophenol (protonated and deprotonated) is
a dye/indicator and gloves should be worn to avoid dyeing
skin.
Flammable
Corrosive
Toxic
Health Hazard
Harmful/ Irritant
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
2
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10
Your goal will be to write a claim-evidence-reasoning argument, after having completed the given
procedure, that answers the research question:
In which layer is the 2,6-dichloroindophenol
and in which form is it?
The rest of this document, along with your pre-lab, will help you complete your
claim-evidence-
reasoning
argument. Questions have been integrated into the procedure that will help you examine
what happens to chemical species as the homogeneity of a mixture is altered.
You will be using models as you answer questions to help you visualize what is happening on the
molecular level. As 2,6-dichloroindophenol is a large molecule, models of the protonated and
deprotonated forms of it have been prepared beforehand (
please do not modify the structure(s)
built for you
). You have also been provided with a model kit so that you may build the rest of the
molecules of interest.
Step 1:
Obtain an Equipment tray (ET) containing the following:
•
Graduated cylinder (2 x 10 mL)
•
Permanent Marker
•
Large test tube
•
Beaker (50 mL)
•
Rubber septum as stopper
•
Glass stirring rod
•
Plastic Pasteur pipette
•
Eye dropper
•
Large test tube brush
•
Model kit
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
3
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10
Step 2:
Using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, measure 5 mL of RO water. Obtain your test tube and label it with your initials.
Into the test tube, dispense 5 mL of diethyl ether (CH
3
CH
2
OCH
2
CH
3
) from the bottle dispenser in the fumehood.
Anything
that touches organic solvents should be left in the fumehood at all times.
(a)
Write down your initial observations for the two liquids.
(b)
For small species like water and diethyl ether, the strongest type of intermolecular force can be correlated
to the overall strength of interactions between species.
Create a drawing that represents the strongest type of interaction between two molecules for each cylinder
below
.
It is important to use VSEPR representations in order to correctly see this interaction. Remember to
include all important partial charges. Note: if it helps with the clarity of your drawing
,
you may “condense”
end -CH
3
groups.
Step 3:
Pour the water from the graduated cylinder into the test tube.
Carefully but thoroughly
swirl without capping.
Write down all observations for the
macroscopic level. Do not discard the content... You will keep using it throughout the
procedure.
(a)
Write down your observations after mixing the two liquids.
(b)
On your drawings in 2b, circle any hydrophobic regions that may exist.
(c)
Analyze your observations and your answers to the questions above to explain
what’s happening on the
molecular level.
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CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
4
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10
Step 4:
In the background information you were told that the colours associated with the neutral and salt forms of the 2,6-
dichloroindophenol were blue and red. You will now perform steps that will help you assign a colour to each form.
Complete the boxed portion of the molecule to show the structural changes that should take place when the appropriate
form reacts with HCl. Include all non-bonding electrons and all non-zero formal charge(s). Note that at this point in the
experiment, the form of the given 2,6-dichloroindophenol may still be unclear.
Step 5:
To your test tube,
gently add 2 drops
of the unknown form of 2,6-dichloroindophenol.
Before moving forward,
ask your TA to check your test tube. They may ask you to do some additional steps if needed.
Write down your initial observations without disturbing the test tube. Now cap the test tube, and
while holding the
cap down firmly
, shake the test tube.
Remove the cap immediately
(note that it may pop off, hold onto it tightly
as you pull it off)
. Make your observations after shaking too.
Write down your initial observations for the macroscopic level. A visual of your test tube is included to help
you when you write your observations.
(a)
Before shaking
(b) After shaking. Was a
change observed?
(c) Carefully watch what happens when a drop of water is added to your test tube using a medicine dropper.
With which layer does the drop merge? Hint: in which layer do you notice Schlieren lines
? If it’s difficult to
tell, carefully watch one layer at a time each time you add a drop (you may add a few extra drops if
necessary to see the Schlieren lines).
Upper layer
Lower layer
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
5
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10
(d) Analyze your observations on the molecular level. How can the colour of 2,6-dichloroindophenol and the
drop test in (c) help you decide where each chemical species of this mixture is within the test tube?
Step 6:
To the mixture of water, 2,6-dichloroindophenol, and diethyl ether,
gently add 1 drop
of 2 M HCl solution using
the dropper from the bottle
WITHOUT SHAKING
. Take observations at each point in the table below.
(a)
OBSERVE IMMEDIATELY AFTER
ADDING THE HCl (i.e. do not shake
the test tube), write down and draw a
visual for your initial observations. You
may also want to make observations
after waiting a few seconds longer
without disturbing the test tube.
(b)
Observe after using a stirring rod to
slightly stir the top layer.
Has
anything changed?
(c)
Observe after using a stirring rod to
slightly stir the bottom layer.
Has
anything changed?
(d)
Finally, cap the test tube and observe
after shaking the test tube for a few
seconds.
Make sure to remove the cap
immediately after
. Has anything
changed?
Before moving forward, ask your TA to check your test tube. They may ask you to do some additional
steps if needed.
(e)
Analyze your observations. Do your observations so far indicate a chemical or physical change?
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
6
of
10
Step 7:
To the mixture
gently add 1 drop
of 2 M NaOH from the bottle
WITHOUT SHAKING
. Take observations at
each point in the table below.
(a)
Write down and draw a visual for your
initial observations. You may also want
to make observations after waiting a
few seconds without disturbing the test
tube.
(b)
Swirl
gently
without capping for a few
seconds. Has anything changed?
(c)
Gently
swirl your test tube for a few
seconds longer without capping. Has
anything changed?
(d)
Now cap, shake the test tube for a few
seconds, and
immediately remove the
cap
. Has anything changed?
Before moving forward, ask your TA to check your test tube. They may ask you to do some additional
steps if needed.
(e)
Analyze your observations. What conclusion can you make about the form of our initial starting material (acidic
vs basic form)?
(f)
Rationalize why the initial form of dye was in the layer that you observed (step 5). Make sure to discuss IMFs in
your explanation.
Step 8:
In the fumehood, carefully use the long pipette from your tray to discard the
top layer (it’s okay to take a bit of
the other layer) into the waste beaker.
Step 9:
Density tells us how much mass of a substance there is per unit volume. The following are a list of densities:
Water:
1.00 g/cm
3
Diethyl ether:
0.713 g/cm
3
Dichloromethane (CH
2
Cl
2
):
1.33 g/cm
3
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CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
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Knowing these densities:
(a)
Which species did you just remove from the test tube?
(b)
How can you back up your above statement? (You should be able to rationalize this by intermolecular
interactions and density)
(c)
In the next step you will add dichloromethane to the test tube. Do you expect the dichloromethane to end
up as the top or bottom layer, and why?
Step 10:
To a clean 10 mL graduated cylinder add 5 mL of dichloromethane (CH
2
Cl
2
) from the bottle dispenser in the
fumehood. Slowly add this solution to your test tube and try to observe where the dichloromethane (CH
2
Cl
2
) is going.
(a)
write your observations and draw a visual for what you observe.
Step 11:
To the mixture from
Step 10
,
gently add 1 drop
2 M HCl solution using the dropper from the bottle
WITHOUT
SHAKING
. Take observations at each point in the table below.
(a)
Write down and draw a visual for your
initial observations. You may also want
to make observations after waiting a
few seconds without disturbing the test
tube.
(b)
Swirl
gently
without capping for a few
seconds. Has anything changed?
(c)
Gently
swirl your test tube for a few
seconds longer without capping. Has
anything changed?
(d)
Now cap, shake the test tube for a few
seconds, and
immediately remove the
cap
. Has anything changed?
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
8
of
10
Before moving forward, ask your TA to check your test tube. They may ask you to do some additional
steps if needed.
(e)
Analyze your observations. What is the current form of 2,6-dichloroindophenol and why is it interacting with
the layer it is now in?
CHEM 201 Fall 2023
Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
Page
9
of
10
Claim Evidence Reasoning
Now that you have an idea of the colour of each form of 2,6-dichloroindophenol and have made observations during
the procedure, it is time for us to conclude what is in each layer at the end of each of the following steps (
for the
basic salt form of 2,6-dichloroindophenol call it
“
In-
”
, for the acidic form of 2,6-dichloroindophenol call it
“
HIn
”
).
Instead of making a single Claim Evidence Reasoning argument, we are asking you do to this process for each of
steps 3, 5
–
7 and 10
–
11. Your answers can be in point form, but should still include all the components of a CER
argument.
Research Question
: In which layer is the 2,6-dichloroindophenol and in which form is it?
Claim
Evidence & Reasoning
End of Step
#...
Bottom layer
contains
Top layer contains
…
3
…
5
…
6
…
7
…
10
…
11
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Procedure & Worksheet
Experiment #5
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Step 13:
Dispose of all wastes properly. Wash
all glassware well, return all equipment
to the equipment tray provided.
Glass Surfaces
Rinse with a small amount of isopropanol into the lab 5
waste container in the fumehood. Then, wash the
graduated cylinders with glassware soap and warm
water in the sink. Use a brush to clean the inside, and
rinse thoroughly with RO water.
!
Contaminated Gloves Disposal
Dispose in the labeled waste bag in the blue bin, inside
the open fumehood closest to the entrance of the lab.
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