NAIL STRUCTURES AND GROWTHS

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MICROBIOLO

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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NAME: Nabia Salehee DATE:22/10/2020 NAIL STRUCTURES AND GROWTHS 1. What is the technical term for the nail unit? Onyx 2. What is the major protein which makes up the nail plate? Keratin 3. Describe the appearance of a normal healthy nail. Firm, flexible, shiny, smooth, 4. Name the basic parts of the nail unit. Nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, Hyponychium, specialized ligaments, nail fold 5. Explain the difference between the nail bed and the nail plate. Nail bed is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge Nail plate is the hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed 6. What part of the nail unit contains the nerves, lymph, and blood vessels? Matrix 7. Why are nail technicians not allowed to cut the skin around the base of the nail plate, even if the client requests this during the service? It is living skin. Cutting living skin is out of the scope of cosmetology and is prohibited under conditions or circumstances 8. Explain why the nail matrix produces grooves rather than ridges in the nail plate. Because a small portion of the matrix can stop making new cells in a certain portion causing it to be thinner and develop a narrow groove. It also slows during aging. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. "Onyx" is the technical term for: D a. nail inflammation b. nail disease c. the finger d. the nail 2. A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in the treatment of the: D a. foot b. heart c. nervous system d. skin

3. Healthy nails are shiny, translucent pink, and: A a. smooth b. bumpy c. ridged d. lined 4. Compared to fingernails, toenails grow: B a. twice as fast b. 1/10th as fast c. 1/2 to 1/3 as fast d. 1/2 to 1/3 more quickly 5. The growth rate of nails varies with all of the following factors except: D a. gender b. age c. weight d. temperature 6. The growth rate of the nails can be increased by conditions such as: a. psoriasis b. arteriosclerosis c. paralysis d. high fever 7. Warm temperatures cause nails to grow: C a. in spurts b. more slowly c. faster d. not at all 8. The growth rate of nails decreases gradually after about age: A a. 65 b. 14 c. 40 d. 8 9. The six basic parts of the nail include: B a. furrows b. nail folds c. trumpet nails d. onyx 10. The nail plate is produced from: C a. cuticular cells b. the free edge c. matrix cells d. nail bed cells 11. The lunula is the visible portion of the: C a. mantle

b. nail bed c. matrix bed d. bed epithelium 12. Extending over the fingertip is the part of the nail plate called the: C a. lunula b. cuticle c. free edge d. hyponychium 13. The eponychium is commonly known as the: D a. free edge b. nail fold c. cuticle d. nail plate 14. The living tissue that extends under the proximal nail fold to where the nail plate originates at the base of the matrix bed is called the: A a. ligament b. true cuticle c. solehorn d. bed epithelium 15. The onychodermal band, or solehorn, is made up of hyponychial tissue and: C a. eponychial tissue b. matrix tissue c. specialized ligaments d. bed epithelium 16. Specialized ligaments attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying: A a. blood vessels b. muscles c. bone d. bed epithelium 17. Nail folds play a small role in determining the shape of the: B a. nail bed b. matrix bed c. bed epithelium d. nail plate 18. The top of the nail plate is formed by cells at the ____ part of the matrix bed. a. distal b. proximal c. intermediate d. middle 19. As the nail grows, the bed epithelium glides over the: A a. nail bed b. solehorn c. hyponychium d. eponychium 20. Nails have a water content of: D a. 2-5%

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b. 60-70% c. 40-50% d. 10-30% 21. In some cases the nail technician must refer a client with a nail disorder to a physician; in others she or he may: D a. treat minor infections b. prescribe medications c. perform minor surgery d. cosmetically improve the nail disorder 22. Inflammation and infection: D a. may occur at the same time. b. are the same thing c. have evidence of pus d. never occur together