CHE 110 Milestone One Draft of Public Health Issue (1) (1)

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Feb 20, 2024

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Kia Bowen Healthcare Administration, Southern New Hampshire University CHE 110: Intro to Community Health Professor: Dr. Rachaline Napier February 4, 2024 4-2 Final Project Milestone One: Draft of Public Health Issue
Public Health Issue: Teen pregnancy has always been an affecting factor limiting, at times, education and maturity and causing increased financial woes for young women. "The US teen birth rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19 years) has been declining since 1991. Teen birth rates continued to decline from 17.4 per 1,000 females in 2018 to 16.7 per 1,000 females in 2019. This is another record low for US teens and a decrease of 4% from 2018." (CDC, 2021) Personally, teen pregnancy has been something I have thought of in the back of my head for most of my teenage life. I come from a family of mothers who conceived children at such a young age that it was a fear of mine from as far back as I can remember. My grandmother (maternal) was a teen mother to one child, and my mother continued the tradition (sadly enough) as a teen mother of not one but two children. Over the years, South Carolina, more particularly Richland County, has seen a decrease since 1991. By 2020, there had been a 74%, with Richland County ranking 42 out of 45, among 15-19-year-old females. Effects on the community include teenagers not being enrolled in school and not having jobs due to having to raise a child; as of March 2022, 5.30% of teen girls were affected by this same issue within my current county. Risk Factors/Social Determinants:
As of 2022, there were 16.20% of people affected by teen pregnancy within Richland County, South Carolina, affected by poverty, which also showed a significant effect of teen pregnancy. Research shows, "Poverty has dual dynamics in teenage pregnancy. Being a determinant as well as a consequence of teenage pregnancy especially in developing countries, many of the individual and environmental risk factors that are determinants of teenage pregnancy may be tied into experiences of poverty. The environment that poverty creates, lack of resources and support, the resulting perceptions of limited educational and financial opportunities may reduce the cost of teen pregnancy and motherhood for adolescent females. Having a child may be perceived as the only way to bring meaning into the adolescent's life." (Oke, 2010) Risk factors also include educated female teenagers, those who present from single- parent households, those who feel as though they are not good enough, likely from instances of low self-esteem, or those suffering from families of drug and alcohol abuse. Introducing programs that aid in the prevention of these same issues that lead to teen pregnancy would further assist in decreasing the number of teen parents. Impact: There is no reward for teen pregnancy; safety effects can include increased STD contraction, which would lead to others being affected, such as male (partner) counterparts. Teen pregnancy can take a toll on the taxes of South Carolina residents because a lot of these mothers end up on government assistance programs; in 2010, "Teen pregnancy cost South Carolina taxpayers at least $166 million in 2010. The majority of these costs are associated with negative
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consequences for the children of teen mothers. Because many teen mothers live in poverty, care for both mother and child can be publicly funded for years, including assistance programs for food, medical care, and childcare. (Fact Forward, 2019) Community Need: A Community" is a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common." (Blackson, 2017) The prevention of teen pregnancy increase in South Carolina can be beneficial in both the financial aspect and the success of those lives that could be affected. The community needs can show fewer funds allocated to maternity care for underaged mothers but could instead aid in providing preventative care such as healthcare screenings. Community benefits also include better education and the increased success rate of high school graduations, which would be a direct positive for high dropouts. Program: A good community health program that would be a significant benefit would be something that could focus more so on how and what teens are thinking is part of the problem, meaning what issues seem to be prevalent within what they feel cause them to disregard preventative measures such as condoms or contraceptives. This program would be educational- based but more focused on the realistic issues of the teens themselves. The program could include surveys, private discussion tables, and teen-focused summits that would place them as prevention-focused instead of just the reason for the problem.
Stakeholder Involvement: The stakeholders include the teens themselves, parents, healthcare professionals, and government officials who make laws that can be beneficial in the prevention of the increase in teen pregnancy vs the decline that we have seen over the years. Fundraising efforts can be made by teens and parents, for example, teen-driven luncheons that offer education materials and prevention methods presented by local healthcare professionals within the same community. Teen summits should be held at the local state house, which should include a representative of the local South Carolina government official that would speak to the importance of teen pregnancy prevention and increased safety of safe sex among teens. Support groups are also a program win, they allow for free spaces which would help teens and young adults to feel safer and much more comfortable when sharing personal information.
References: CDC. (2021, September 3). About Teen Pregnancy | CDC . Www.cdc.gov.https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/index.htm#:~:text=The%20US %20teen%20birth%20rate Richland County | Fact Forward . (n.d.). Www.factforward.org. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.factforward.org/statistics/richland-county Oke, Y. F. (2010, November 29). Poverty and Teenage Pregnancy: The Dynamics in Developing Countries . Papers.ssrn.com. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=1717155 Fact Forward. (2019, August 5). The High Costs of Teen Pregnancy | Fact Forward . Www.factforward.org. https://www.factforward.org/news/high-costs-teen-pregnancy Blackson, H. (2017, October 19). The 5 "Cs" of community planning . CNU. https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2017/10/19/5-cs-community-planning#:~:text=A %20community%20is%20defined%20as
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