Unit 2 Worksheet Packet Answers
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Chemistry
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Feb 20, 2024
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Is the following an atomic sentence or molecular sentence?
1.
She did steal the bread.
ATOMIC
2.
Ben believes that John is home.
ATOMIC
3.
Sandra is in Paris, France.
ATOMIC
4.
This isn't going to be an easy class.
MOLECULAR
5.
She didn't steal the bread.
MOLECULAR
6.
Although Mary worked hard, she still needed to earn more money.
MOLECULAR
7.
Sally makes a lot of money, but she is unhappy.
MOLECULAR
8.
Sam is single but happy.
MOLECULAR
9.
If anyone is in Sacramento, CA, then that person is also in northern California.
MOLECULAR
10. We ate while he played basketball.
MOLECULAR
11. We will do well on the exam only if we study.
MOLECULAR
12. Mary is going to ask Juan or Marta to the movies.
MOLECULAR
13. It was a different time back then.
ATOMIC
14. This is going to be a very easy class.
ATOMIC
15. There are many items to buy in the store today.
ATOMIC
16. The boiling of the water caused steam to condense on the walls.
ATOMIC
Is the following an atomic sentence or molecular sentence?
1.
"Hillary Clinton is married to Bill Clinton."
ATOMIC
2.
"Hillary Clinton is married to Clint Eastwood."
ATOMIC
3.
"Harry Potter is a real person that works at Apple, Inc."
ATOMIC
4.
"Mary and Sam are going to see the band
Jivebomb
this weekend."
MOLECULAR
5.
"Javier isn’t excited about his classes this semester."
MOLECULAR
6.
"We’re not going to take it anymore."
MOLECULAR
7.
"Who is Holden Caulfield?"
NEITHER
8.
"We don’t have any bananas."
MOLECULAR
9.
"Masha won’t be joining us tonight."
MOLECULAR
10. "Masha will be staying at home, but she can be reached by phone."
MOLECULAR
For each of the following sentences, state whether it is atomic or molecular. If it is molecular, state the
molecular sentence type.
1.
“Sally isn’t buying the story.”
MOLECULAR - Negation
2.
“Sally is buying the story.”
ATOMIC
3.
“Sanchez must be really bummed out, or he is badly hung over.”
MOLECULAR - Disjunction
4.
“I saw Regina and Bill.”
MOLECULAR - Conjunction
5.
“I saw Felipe and he was working really hard.”
MOLECULAR - Conjunction
6.
“The President of the U.S.A. is an interesting guy, but that doesn’t mean that he is well liked.”
MOLECULAR -
Conjunction
7.
“If it is snowing really hard, then classes will be canceled.”
MOLECULAR - Conditional
8.
“You will succeed only if you try.”
MOLECULAR - Conditional
9.
“Either Chan and Jin are studying at the library, or the library is closed and nobody is there.”
MOLECULAR -
Disjunction
10. “The dude is being unwise in his choices.”
ATOMIC
11. “It’s not the case that Sandra is not going to the party.”
MOLECULAR - Negation
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For each of the following sentences, state the molecular sentence type. If it is a negation, then underline the
part that is negated; if it is a conjunction, underline the conjuncts; and if it is a disjunction, underline the
disjuncts.
1.
"Sal is not going to the store."
Negation
2.
"We won’t be able to go home just yet."
Negation
3.
"Sally went to the store, but Billy stayed at home."
Conjunction
4.
"Although Nox is fussing, Sid is chilling."
Conjunction
5.
"Even though the mountains are nearby, we hardly ever go hiking."
Conjunction
6.
"Although Sid is not fussing, Nox is."
Conjunction
7.
"We won’t be able to make the movie, but we can still make it to the restaurant before it closes."
Conjunction
8.
"It’s not the case that both Sal and Juan are going to the party."
Negation
9.
"Ben isn’t going home, and neither is Carrie."
Conjunction
10. "I can’t believe that there are no bananas left."
Negation
11. "It’s false that Ben and Jerry are both hanging on the beach."
Negation
12. "Either we stay at home or we go out."
Disjunction
Subjective or Objective?
1.
God exists.
OBJECTIVE
2.
Climate change is largely caused by human beings.
OBJECTIVE
3.
Orange juice is made by squeezing bu±aloes.
OBJECTIVE
4.
The 9-11 tragedy was an inside job.
OBJECTIVE
5.
The movie
The Big Lebowski
is a favorite of some people.
OBJECTIVE
6.
The movie
The Big Lebowski
is an incredible movie.
7.
Abortion is the killing of a human being.
OBJECTIVE
8.
There is intelligent life on other planets.
OBJECTIVE
9.
Supernatural magic exists.
OBJECTIVE
10. The reading of palms to tell the future is enjoyable.
11. It is possible to tell the future by reading palms.
OBJECTIVE
12. Most people enjoy the taste of mangos.
OBJECTIVE
13. Most people passed the class with a grade C or higher.
OBJECTIVE
14. Getting a C grade in a class is acceptable.
SUBJECTIVE
15. India is a country located in the North American continent.
OBJECTIVE
16. Rising sea levels could cost the global economy trillions of dollars.
OBJECTIVE
17. Brussel sprouts taste good.
SUBJECTIVE
18. Brussel sprouts taste good to Morris.
OBJECTIVE
19. Drinking alcohol and doing drugs can be bad for your health.
OBJECTIVE
20. Punk rock and heavy metal sound the same.
OBJECTIVE
21. The Rolling Stones is better than The Beatles.
SUBJECTIVE (assuming we’re talking about the music
sounding better).
22. Dmitri Shostakovich’s compositions continue to divide music critics.
OBJECTIVE
23. The Deftones, Linkin Park, and Tool are horrible bands.
SUBJECTIVE
24. Antioch Arrow, Unwound, and Universal Order of Armageddon gained popularity in the underground punk
scene during the early and mid 1990s.
OBJECTIVE
25. The making of cheesecake requires cheese.
OBJECTIVE
26. Eating meat is bad for your health.
OBJECTIVE
27. A strict vegan diet cannot provide you with all the essential vitamins and minerals needed to have a healthy body.
OBJECTIVE
28. The philosophy program at New York University is better than the philosophy program at Yale University.
OBJECTIVE
29. Sara thinks that the best, most interesting color combination is pink, white, and black.
OBJECTIVE
30. The best, most interesting color combination is pink, white, and black.
SUBJECTIVE
31. Charlie knows what’s up.
OBJECTIVE
32. Charlie believes that eating pumpkin seeds will make a pumpkin grow inside of you.
OBBJECTIVE
33. Charlie believes that bugs taste great.
OBJECTIVE
34. The mountains are near Pasadena.
OBJECTIVE
35. Pasadena is a very walkable city.
OBJECTIVE
36. Sang speaks English without any hint of an accent, even though English is his second language.
OBJECTIVE
37. Hyo Bin sings in tune.
OBJECTIVE
38. The piano is not in tune.
OBJECTIVE
39. The bridge was built badly.
OBJECTIVE
40. Sandra is a horrible singer.
OBJECTIVE
41. Guinness makes the best beer.
SUBJECTIVE
42. Shin believes that Guinness makes the best beer.
OBJECTIVE
43. Patrick thinks Guinness is the best tasting beer.
OBJECTIVE
44. Blue is a very pleasant color to look at.
SUBJECTIVE
45. Most people ²nd blue to be a pleasant color.
OBJECTIVE
46. Murder is morally wrong.
OBJECTIVE
47. Murder is the act of killing an innocent person.
OBJECTIVE
48. The earth’s temperature is increasing.
OBJECTIVE
49. Tobacco use has a high risk of cancer and heart disease.
OBJECTIVE
50. Higher education is important for the health of our society.
OBJECTIVE
51. Donald Trump is a better president than Joe Biden.
OBJECTIVE
52. Having blonde hair and blue eyes is the most beautiful of all hair and eye color combinations.
SUBJECTIVE
53. There are some people who think that having blonde hair and blue eyes is the most beautiful of all hair and eye
color combinations.
OBJECTIVE
54. There are too many people in the classroom.
OBJECTIVE
55. There is an excessive amount of water in the pot.
OBJECTIVE
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Determine whether or not the following sentences are in standard form or non-standard form. If it is in
standard form, write SF. If it is not in standard form, translate it into standard form.
1.
“Sally isn’t buying the story.”
- It is not the case that Sally is buying the story.
2.
"Sally is not buying the story."
-
Same as 1
3.
“I saw Regina and Bill.”
- I saw Regina and I saw Bill.
4.
“I saw Regina and I saw Bill.”
-
SF
5.
"I saw Regina and Regina saw Bill."
-
SF
6.
"I saw both Regina and Bill together."
- I saw Regina and I saw Bill. (If you want to express the together part, you
can do this: I saw Regina and I saw Bill; and Bill was together with Regina.
7.
“The President of the U.S.A. is an interesting guy, but that doesn’t mean that he is well-liked.”
- The President of
the U.S.A. is an interesting guy, and it is not the case that that means that he is well-liked.
8.
“The President of the U.S.A. is an interesting guy, but he isn't well-liked.”
- The President of the U.S.A. is an
interesting guy, and it is not the case that he is well-liked
9.
“It is not the case that Sandra is not going to the party.”
- It is not the case that it is not the case that Sandra is
going to the part.
10. "Sandra isn't not going to the party."
-
Same as 9
11. “Sally is buying the story.”
-
SF
12. While John was cooking, Sarah was ²xing the television.
- John was cooking, and Sarah was ²xing the television.
13. “You will succeed only if you try.”
- If you will succeed, then you try.
14. “Either Chan and Jin are studying at the library, or the library is closed and nobody is there.”
- Either Chan is
studying at the library and Jin is studying at the library, or the library is closed and it is not the case that somebody
is there.”
15. “The dude is being unwise in his choices.”
-
SF. “unwise” is not the same as “not wise”.
16. “Although we are out of the frying pan, we are now in the ²re.”
- We are out of the frying pan and we are now in
the ²re.
17. “Even though it is freezing outside, Billy is shoveling snow wearing only his swim shorts.”
- It is freezing outside
and Billy is shoveling snow wearing only his swim shorts.
18. “Nobody is in the attic.”
- It is not the case that somebody is in the attic.
19. “It is the case that Billy is home, but it is true that Sally is at work.”
- It is the case that Billy is home, and it is true
that Sally is at work.
20. “The falling of the power lines caused the power to go out in the city.”
- SF
Determine whether or not the following sentences are in standard form or non-standard form. If it is in
standard form, write SF. If it is not in standard form, translate it into standard form.
1.
"I saw Felipe and he was working really hard.”
- SF
2.
“If it is snowing really hard, then classes will be canceled.”
- SF
3.
“Sanchez must be really bummed out, or he is badly hung over.”
- SF
4.
“The car will work if it has gas.”
- If it has gas, then the car will work.
5.
“The car won’t work if it has no gas.”
- If it is not the case that it has gas, then it is not the case that the car will
work.
6.
“We are in good shape only if the oscillator does not fail us.”
- If we are in good shape, then it is not the case that
the oscillator does fail us.
7.
“Things will get crazy, but only if we are not careful.”
- If things will be crazy, then it is not the case that we are
careful.
8.
“You are in the town of Timbuktu if you are in the county of Rochambo.”
- If you are in the county of
Rochambo, then you are in the town of Timbuktu.
9.
“Neither Maria nor Estrella are going to the party.”
- It is not the case that Maria is going to the party, and it is not
the case that Estrella is going to the party.
10. “They have lots of fun except when Travis is there.”
- If Travis is there, then it is not the case that they have lots of
fun.
11. “Wanda is going to buy eggs unless Sarah has some at home.”
- “Wanda is going to buy eggs or Sarah has some at
home”. Another way of translating into standard form: “If it is not the case that Sarah has some at home, then
Wanda is going to buy some eggs.”
12. “There shouldn’t be any problems as long as the transformers hold up.”
- If it is not the case that there should be
any problems, then the transformers hold up.
13. “When the transformers fail, the power will go out.”
- If the transformers fail, then the power will go out.
14. “Sarah will stop working only when the sun goes down.”
- If Sarah will stop working, then the sun goes down.
15. “Sarah will stop working when the sun goes down.”
- If the sun goes down, then Sarah will stop working.
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16. “Charlie eats only when she is on her break.”
- If Charlie eats, then she is on her break.
17. “He will graduate, but not until he ful²lls his math requirements.”
- If he will graduate, then ful²lls his math
requirements.
Is the following a conditional sentence? If it is, identify the antecedent and consequent of the
following sentence if it is a conditional sentence. If it is not, then state what kind of sentence it is.
1.
"If we stay, then we go."
- A: “we stay”; C: “we go”.
2.
"If we don’t stay, then we go."
- A: “we don’t stay”; C: “we go”
3.
"We stay only if we go."
- A: “we stay”; C: “we go”
4.
"We go if we stay."
- A: “we stay” C: “we go”
5.
"If we stay or don’t stay, we go."
- A: “we stay or don’t stay” C: “we go”
6.
"You pass the class only if you do all the assignments."
- A: “You pass the class”; C: “you do all the assignments”
7.
"If you do all the assignments and get good grades on them, then you will pass the class with a good grade."
- A: “you do
all the assignments and get good grades on them”; C: “you will pass the class with a good grade”
8.
"If you don’t study and don’t do all the work, then you won’t pass the class."
- A: “you don’t study and don’t do all the
work”; C: “you won’t pass the class”
9.
"If you study hard and don’t screw around, then you will learn a lot of material and you will do very well in the class."
-
A: “you study hard and don’t screw around”; C: “you will learn a lot of material and you will do very well in the class.
10. "If we skip class and don’t study for the exam, then we will either fail the exam or we will minimally pass with luck."
- A:
“we skip class and don’t study for the exam”; C: “we will either fail the exam or we will minimally pass with luck.”
11. "If you don’t go to college, then you will be missing out on learning interesting things."
- A: “you don’t go to college”;
C: “you will be missing out on learning interesting things.”
12. "There is ²re only if there is oxygen."
- A: “there is ²re”; C: “there is oxygen.”
13. "There is oxygen if there is ²re."
- A: “there is ²re”; C: “there is oxygen”
14. "There is ²re only if there is oxygen and combustion."
- A: “there is ²re”; C: “there is oxygen and combustion.”
15. "Water can be harmful if you drink too much of it."
- A: “you drink too much of it”; C: “water can be harmful.”
16. "You will pass the class if you do all the work and study hard."
- A: “you do all the work and study hard”; C: “you will
pass the class.”
17. "Joon wants to go to Disneyland, and Sierra wants to go to Six Flags Magic Mountain."
- Conjunction
18. "Either Ricardo is shooting for the stars or Olga is falling on top of the world."
- Disjunction
19. "The leak in the roof caused the damage in the ceiling."
- Atomic
20. "The severe drought resulted in severe wild²res."
- Atomic
21. "If you eat healthy foods and exercise, and you don’t smoke or do drugs, then you should have a healthy body."
- A:
“you eat healthy foods and exercise, and you don’t smoke or do drugs”; C: “you should have a healthy body.”
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Identify the logical type of each sentence.
1.
"If it is not the case that both John and Sally are going to the dance, then either Mary will go to the movies or Sean will eat at a
diner."
- -Conditoinal
2.
"It is not the case that John and Sally are going to the dance, and it is not the case that Mary and Sean will go to the movies."
-
Conjunction
3.
"Either we stay here or we go on a road trip if we can ²nd a car."
- Disjunction
4.
"You will get an A in the class, but only if you take all of the exams and do the assignments."
- Conditional
5.
"If you don’t get an A in the class, then either you did not do well on the exams or you did not do the assignments."
-Conditional
6.
"You can be smart or you can be not smart, but you cannot be both smart and not smart."
- Conjunction
7.
"If you leave right now, you will get stuck in tra³c, and if you get stuck in tra³c, you will be late for the meeting."
- Conjunction
8.
"Yuna is in San Diego, and if you want to contact her, you will not be able to do so by phone."
-Conjunction
9.
"If our product fails within the ²rst year, we will replace the product at no cost only if the failure is not the result of mishandling
or misuse by the owner."
-Conditional
10. "If you want to work in the United States of America, you will need either a valid U.S. passport, or you will need a valid U.S.
driver's license and a U.S. Social Security card."
-Conditional
11. "It's false that if you break a mirror, then you will get seven years of bad luck."
- Negation
Pick the correct analysis of the following sentences.
1.
"If Sally goes home, then it is not the case that either Quan will be sad or Russell will make sandwiches."
a.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is atomic and the consequent is a negation of disjunction
b.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is a negation of a disjunction and the consequent is atomic.
c.
This is a disjunction, where one disjunct is a conditional and the other disjunct is a negation.
d.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is atomic and the consequent is a disjunction
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
2.
"Sally goes home only if it is not the case that Quan will be sad."
a.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is atomic and the consequent is a negation of an atomic sentence
b.
This is a conditional sentence, in which the antecedent is a negation of an atomic sentence and the consequent is
atomic.
c.
This is a conjunction, in which one conjunct is an atomic sentence and the other conjunct is a negation.
d.
This is a disjunction, in which one disjunct is atomic and the other disjunct is a negation.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
3.
"Either Sally goes home or Quan will be sad, but only if Russell will make sandwiches."
a.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is a disjunction and the consequent is atomic.
b.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is atomic and the consequent is a disjunction.
c.
This is a conjunction, where one conjunct is a disjunction and the conjunct is an atomic sentence.
d.
This is a disjunction, where one disjunct is an atomic sentence and the other disjunction is a conjunction.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
4.
"Either Sally goes home and Quan will be sad, or Russell will make sandwiches and Pedro barks like a lion."
a.
This is a disjunction, where the left disjunct is a conjunction and the right disjunct is a conjunction
b.
This is a disjunction, where the left disjunct is a disjunction and the right disjunct is a conjunction
c.
This is a conjunction, where the left conjunct is a conjunction and the right conjunct is a conjunction
d.
This is a disjunction, where the left disjunct is a disjunction and the right disjunct is a conjunction
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
5.
"It is not the case that either Sally goes home or it is not the case that Quan will be sad."
a.
This is a negation of a disjunction that has an atomic sentence as one disjunct and a negation for the other disjunct.
b.
This is a disjunction that has negations for both disjuncts.
c.
This is a negation of a disjunction that has atomic sentences for both disjuncts.
d.
This is a negation of a conjunction that has an atomic sentence as one conjunct and a negation for the other conjunct.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
6.
"Either Sally goes home or Quan will be sad, or it is not the case that both Russell will make sandwiches and Pedro
barks like a lion."
a.
This is a disjunction, in which one disjunct is a disjunction, and the other disjunct is a negation of a conjunction.
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b.
This is a disjunction, in which one disjunct is an atomic sentence, and the other disjunct is a disjunction containing a
negation and a conjunction.
c.
This is a disjunction, in which one disjunct is a atomic sentence, and the other disjunct is a negation of a conjunction.
d.
This is a disjunction, in which one disjunct is a atomic sentence, and the other disjunct is a conjunction.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
7.
"If it is not the case that both Sally goes home and Quan will be sad, then either Russell will make sandwiches or Pedro
barks like a lion."
a.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is a negation of conjunction, and the consequent is a disjunction.
b.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is a conjunction, and the consequent is a disjunction.
c.
This is a negation of a conditional that has a conjunction for its antecedent and a disjunction for its consequent.
d.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is a disjunction, and the consequent is a negation of conjunction.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
8.
"It is not the case that if Sally goes home, then either Quan will be sad or Pedro barks like a lion."
a.
This is a negation of a conditional that has an atomic sentence for its antecedent and a disjunction for its consequent.
b.
This is a negation of a conditional that has a disjunction for its antecedent and an atomic sentence for its consequent.
c.
This is a conditional, in which the antecedent is a negation of a disjunction, and the consequent is an an atomic
sentence.
d.
This is a negation of a conditional that has an atomic sentence for its antecedent and a conjunction for its consequent.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
9.
"Quan will be sad if it is not the case that either Russell will make sandwiches or Pedro barks like a lion."
a.
This is a conditional, where the antecedent is a negation of a disjunction, and the consequent is an atomic sentence.
b.
This is a conditional, where the antecedent is an atomic sentence, and the consequent is a negation of a disjunction.
c.
This is a conditional, where the antecedent is a disjunction, and the consequent is an atomic sentence.
d.
This is a conditional, where the antecedent is an atomic sentence, and the consequent is a disjunction.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
10. "Quan will be sad only if Russell will make sandwiches, and if it is not the case that Sally goes home, then it is not the
case that Pedro barks like a lion."
a.
This is a conjunction of conditionals. One conjunct is a conditional, where the antecedent is the sentence “Quan will be
sad" and consequent is the sentence “Russell will make sandwiches”. The other conjunct is also a conditional, where the
antecedent is a negation of an atomic sentence, and the consequent is also a negation of an atomic sentence.
b.
This is a conjunction of conditionals. One conjunct is a conditional, where the antecedent is the sentence “Russell will
make sandwiches” and consequent is the sentence “Quan will be sad". The other conjunct is also a conditional, where
the antecedent is a negation of an atomic sentence, and the consequent is also a negation of an atomic sentence.
c.
You got the antecedent and the consequent mixed up.
d.
This is a conjunction of conditionals. One conjunct is a conditional, where the antecedent is the sentence “Quan will be
sad" and consequent is the sentence “Russell will make sandwiches”. The other conjunct is a negation of a conditional.
e.
None of these is the correct analysis
For each of the following sentences, state the molecular sentence type. If it is a conditional sentence, underline
the antecedent condition.
1.
"Either we don’t take any risks, or we have some excitement in our life."
-Disjunction
2.
"The world won’t listen."
-Negation
3.
"Shyness is nice, but shyness can stop you from doing all things in life you’d like to."
- Conjunction
4.
"If we stay, then we go."
- Conditional
5.
"If we don’t stay, then we go."
-Conditional
6.
"If we stay, then we go; and if we don’t stay, then we go."
-Conjunction
7.
"We stay only if we go."
-Conditional
8.
"We go if we stay."
-Conditional
9.
"If we stay or don’t stay, we go."
-Conditional
10. "You pass the class only if you do all the assignments."
-Conditional
11. "If you do all the assignments and get good grades on them, then you will pass the class with a good grade."
-Cond.
12. "If you don’t study and don’t do all the work, then you won’t pass the class"
-Cond.
13. "If you study hard and don’t screw around, then you will learn a lot of material and you will do very well in the
class."
-Cond.
For each of the following sentences, state the molecular sentence type. If it is a conditional sentence, underline
the antecedent condition.
1.
"If we skip class and don’t study for the exam, then we will either fail the exam or we will minimally pass with
luck."
2.
"It’s false that if you sneeze with your eyes open, then your eyes will pop out."
- Negation
3.
"It’s not the case that if you leave your purse on the ´oor, then you will lose all of your money and all of your good
luck."
- Negation
4.
"It’s not the case that if you don’t go to college, then you won’t be missing out on learning anything
interesting."
-Negation
5.
"If you don’t go to college, then you will be missing out on learning interesting things."
-Cond.
6.
"If you eat healthy foods and exercise, and you don’t smoke or do drugs, then you should have a healthy
body."
-Cond.
7.
"There is ²re only if there is oxygen."
-Cond.
8.
"There is oxygen if there is ²re."
-Cond.
9.
"There is ²re only if there is oxygen and combustion."
-Cond.
10. "Water can be harmful if you drink too much of it."
-Cond.
11. "You will pass the class if you do all the work and study hard."
-Cond.
12. "Either Sally committed the crime and Steve helped her, or Piotr masterminded the entire thing and neither Sally
nor Steve had anything to do with the crime."
- Disjunction.
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Let P=”Jane is going to the store” and let Q=”Juan is going to the movies.” Choose either ‘T’ for True, ‘F’ for
False, or ‘CBD’ for Cannot Be Determined’.
1.
If P is TRUE, then “It is not the case that P” is
-F
2.
If P is TRUE, then “It is not the case that it is not the case that P” is
-T
3.
If P is FALSE, then “It is not the case that it is not the case that it is not the case that P” is
-T
4.
If P is TRUE and Q is TRUE, then “P and Q” is
-T
5.
If P is FALSE and Q is TRUE, then “P and Q” is
-F
6.
If P is TRUE and Q is FALSE, then “It is not the case that P, and Q” is
-F
7.
If P is TRUE and Q is TRUE, then “P and it is not the case that Q” is
-F
8.
If P is FALSE and Q is TRUE, then “It is not the case that both P and Q” is
-T
9.
If P is TRUE and Q is FALSE, then “P and it is not the case that Q” is
-T
10.
If P is FALSE and Q is FALSE, then “It is not the case that P, and it is not the case that Q” is
-T
11.
If P is TRUE and Q is TRUE, then “It is not the case that both P and Q” is
-F
12.
If P is FALSE and Q is TRUE, then “It is not the case that both P and Q” is
-T
13.
If P is FALSE and Q is TRUE, then “Although it is not the case that P, Q” is
-F
14.
If P is TRUE and Q is FALSE, then “While P, it is not the case that Q” is
-T
Let P=“Masha is in the house” and ‘Q=“Sara is in the house”. Choose either ‘T’ for True, ‘F’ for False, or ‘CBD’
for Cannot Be Determined’.
1.
If ‘P’ if true and ‘Q’ is true, then “P and Q” is
-T
2.
If ‘P’ is true and ‘Q’ is false, then “P but Q” is
-F
3.
If ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is true, then “P but Q” is
-F
4.
If ‘P’ is true, then “It is not the case that it is not the case that P” is
-T
5.
If ‘P’ is false, then “It is not the case that it is not the case that it is not the case that P is
-T
6.
If ‘P’ is true and ‘Q’ is true, then “It is not the case that both P and Q” is
-F
7.
If ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is true, then “Although Q, it is not the case that P” is
-T
8.
If ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is true, then “Although P, it is not the case that Q” is
-F
9.
If ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is false, then “While it is not the case that P, it is also not the case that Q” is
-T
10. If ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is false, then “It is not the case that both P and Q” is
-T
Let A = “The cat is in the house” and B = “The bird is in the yard”. Choose either ‘T’ for True, ‘F’ for False, or
‘CBD’ for Cannot Be Determined’.
1.
Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A and B”?
-F
2.
Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A or B”?
-T
3.
Suppose A is false and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “If A, then B”?
-T
4.
Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “If A, then B”?
-F
5.
Suppose A is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “It is not the case that it is not the case that it is not the case that
A”?
-T
6.
Suppose A is false and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A but B”?
-F
7.
Suppose A is false and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A only if B”?
-T
8.
Suppose A is false and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “B if A”?
-T
9.
Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “If B, then it is not the case that A”?
-T
10. Suppose A is false and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “It is true that A or it is true that B”?
-T
11. Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “It is not the case that if B, then it is not the case that
A”?
-F
12. Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “If it is not the case that B, then A”?
-T
13. Suppose A is false and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “Either it is not the case that B or A”?
-T
14. Suppose A is true and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “It is not the case that both A and B”?
-F
15. Suppose A is false and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “If it is not the case that both A and B, then either it
is not the case that A or it is not the case that B”?
-T
16. Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “Either A and it is not the case that B, or B and it is
not the case that A”?
-T
17. Suppose A is true and B is true. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A, and if it is not the case that A, then B”?
-T
18. Suppose A is false and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A, and if it is not the case that A, then B”?
-F
19. Suppose A is true and B is false. What is the truth-value of the sentence “A, and if it is not the case that A, then B”?
-T
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Let P = “Sally is at home”; Q = “John is at work”; R = “Rin is studying”; and S = “Anu is sleeping”. Choose
either ‘T’ for True, ‘F’ for False, or ‘CBD’ for Cannot Be Determined’.
1.
Suppose ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘If P, then Q’?
-T
2.
Suppose ‘P’ is true and ‘Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘If it is not the case that P, then Q’?
-T
3.
Suppose ‘P’ is true and ‘Q’ is true. What is the truth-value of ‘If P, then it is not the case that Q’?
-F
4.
Suppose ‘P’ is true and ‘Q’ is false and ‘R’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘If P or Q, then de²nitely R’?
-F
5.
Suppose ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are both false. What is the truth-value of ‘Either P or it is not the case that Q’?
-T
6.
Suppose ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is true. What is the truth-value of ‘Either it is not the case that P, or it is not the case
that Q'?
-T
7.
Suppose ‘P’ is false and ‘Q’ is true. What is the truth-value of ‘It is not the case that if P, then it is not the case that
Q’?
-F
8.
Suppose ‘P’ is true and ‘Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘If P and Q, then it’s not the case that either R or S’?
-T
9.
Suppose ‘P and Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘Q’?
-CBD
10. Suppose ‘P or Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘Q’?
-F
11. Suppose ‘It is not the case that P or Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘P’?
-CBD (Strictly, the sentence is
ambiguous, but we’re taking this to be a negation of a disjunction).
12. Suppose ‘If P, then it is not the case that Q’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘Q’?
-T
13. Suppose ‘If P, then it is not the case that either Q or R’ is false. What is the truth-value of ‘R’?
-CBD
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Write ‘T’ for True, ‘F’ for False, or ‘CBD’ for Cannot Be Determined.
1.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-FALSE
"If Sally goes home, then it is not the case that either Quan will be sad or Russell will make sandwiches."
2.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"Sally goes home only if it is not the case that Quan will be sad."
3.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"Either Sally goes home or Quan will be sad, but only if Russell will make sandwiches."
-
4.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"Either Sally goes home and Quan will be sad, or Russell will make sandwiches and Pedro barks like a lion."
5.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-FALSE
"It is not the case that either Sally goes home or it is not the case that Quan will be sad."
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6.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"Either Sally goes home or Quan will be sad, or it is not the case that both Russell will make sandwiches and
Pedro barks like a lion."
7.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"If it is not the case that both Sally goes home and Quan will be sad, then either Russell will make sandwiches
or Pedro barks like a lion."
8.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"It is not the case that if Sally goes home, then either Quan will be sad or Pedro barks like a lion."
-
9.
Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"Quan will be sad if it is not the case that either Russell will make sandwiches or Pedro barks like a lion."
10. Suppose the following:
“Pedro barks like a lion” is FALSE
“Quan will be sad” is FALSE
“Russell will make sandwiches” is TRUE
“Sally goes home” is TRUE
What is the truth-value of the sentence?
-TRUE
"Quan will be sad only if Russell will make sandwiches, and if it is not the case that Sally goes home, then it is
not the case that Pedro barks like a lion."
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Background
Layout -
Theme
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Part 1
XESLER
SCIENCE
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created or
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