CHEM101L Lab 6 F
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Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L
Student Name:
Ani Harutyunyan Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit):
AC-ND9MT9 Lab Report Format Expecta0ons
U"lize college level grammar and professional forma4ng when comple"ng this worksheet. Report all equa"ons in a proper mathema"cal format, with the correct signs and symbols.
Pre-Lab Ques?ons
1.
Describe the difference between valence and core electrons. Core electrons are not involved in chemical bonding, whereas valence electrons are. AddiBonally, valence electrons reside in the outer shell, while core electrons are found in the inner shell. Furthermore, the energy associated with a valence electron differs from that of a core (nucleus) electron. 2.
What is the octet rule and which elements obey the octet rule? Found in elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, octet rule involves gaining or losing electrons to match the electronic structure of the nearest noble gas, with an octet deemed incomplete if an atom has less than 8 surrounding electrons. 3.
How does VSEPR affect the shape of molecules? It predicts atomic behavior, suggesBng that valence electron groups should be distributed as uniformly as possible. The theory dictates the molecule's stability by arranging both lone pairs &bonding electron pairs around the central atom in a manner that minimizes electrostaBc repulsion among them 4.
What effect does the presence of lone-pair electrons have on the bond angles in a molecule? A lone pair is a pair of non-bonding valence electrons that cause a decrease in bond angles by internally displacing bonds due to their repulsive effect on other electron pairs. 5.
Should all of the angles in methane (CH
4
) be equal? Why or why not? Due to its tetrahedral molecular structure, all bond angles are equal, with the angles between hydrogen atoms being around 109.5 degrees. Thisl formaBon is what guarantees the uniformity of these angles. 6.
What addiBonal informaBon does the VSEPR theory give you beyond electron dot structures, in terms of molecular structure? The VSEPR theory highlights the 3D configuraBon of molecules, encompassing bond angles &
Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L
molecular shapes. This theory extends beyond electron dot structures, which merely depict atom connecBvity and not their spaBal orientaBon EXERCISE 1: MOLECULAR MODELS OF NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS
In this exercise, you will fill out Table 1, and upload a photo of the Lewis Dot Structures below. Table 1: Lewis Dot Structures Element
Symbol
Group Number
Valence Electrons
Lewis Dot Structure Hydrogen
H
1
1
(Upload photo below)
Carbon
C
14
4
(Upload photo below)
Chlorine
CI
17
7
(Upload photo below)
Aluminum
AI
13
3
(Upload photo below)
Oxygen
O
16
6
(Upload photo below)
Fluorine
F
17
7
(Upload photo below)
Neon
Ne
18
8
(Upload photo below)
Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L
Below, insert a photo of your Lewis Dot Structures. Your name must be clearly visible on the uploaded diagram in order to earn credit for this lab. Nitrogen
N
15
5
(Upload photo below)
Element
Symbol
Group Number
Valence Electrons
Lewis Dot Structure Hydrogen
H
1
1
(Upload photo below)
Carbon
C
14
4
(Upload photo below)
Chlorine
CI
17
7
(Upload photo below)
Aluminum
AI
13
3
(Upload photo below)
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Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L
For this porBon of the exercise, fill in the correct bond angles for the given molecules. Table 2: Molecular Structures and Geometries Molecule (central atom is underlined)
Sketch of Lewis Dot Structure
Shape Name Bond Angle
Structure
Bond Angle
CO
2
(Upload photo below)
Linear
180
AlCl
3
(Upload photo below)
Trigonal Planar
120
H
2
O
(Upload photo below)
Bent
104.5
NH
3
(Upload photo below)
Trigonal pyramidal
107
CCl
4
(Upload photo below)
Tetrahedral
109.5
PCl
5
(Upload photo below)
Trigonal bipyramidal
90/120
Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L
For each of the molecules in Table 2, above, insert both the sketches and molecular models you built that represent them. Your name must be present in the photo for credit on this lab. SF
6
(Upload photo below)
Octahedral
90
Molecule (central atom is underlined)
Sketch of Lewis Dot Structure
Shape Name Bond Angle
Structure
Bond Angle
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Three separate lab groups determined the density of a metal to be 12.5 g/mL, 13.1 g/mL and 14.8 g/mL. Use these values to
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Question 20.d of 40
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Xor
A
2H
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<-
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4H
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OH
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2H
tot
2
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PPM
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