CHEM101L Lab 6 F

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CHEM101L

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L Student Name: Ani Harutyunyan Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-ND9MT9 Lab Report Format Expecta0ons U"lize college level grammar and professional forma4ng when comple"ng this worksheet. Report all equa"ons in a proper mathema"cal format, with the correct signs and symbols. Pre-Lab Ques?ons 1. Describe the difference between valence and core electrons. Core electrons are not involved in chemical bonding, whereas valence electrons are. AddiBonally, valence electrons reside in the outer shell, while core electrons are found in the inner shell. Furthermore, the energy associated with a valence electron differs from that of a core (nucleus) electron. 2. What is the octet rule and which elements obey the octet rule? Found in elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, octet rule involves gaining or losing electrons to match the electronic structure of the nearest noble gas, with an octet deemed incomplete if an atom has less than 8 surrounding electrons. 3. How does VSEPR affect the shape of molecules? It predicts atomic behavior, suggesBng that valence electron groups should be distributed as uniformly as possible. The theory dictates the molecule's stability by arranging both lone pairs &bonding electron pairs around the central atom in a manner that minimizes electrostaBc repulsion among them 4. What effect does the presence of lone-pair electrons have on the bond angles in a molecule? A lone pair is a pair of non-bonding valence electrons that cause a decrease in bond angles by internally displacing bonds due to their repulsive effect on other electron pairs. 5. Should all of the angles in methane (CH 4 ) be equal? Why or why not? Due to its tetrahedral molecular structure, all bond angles are equal, with the angles between hydrogen atoms being around 109.5 degrees. Thisl formaBon is what guarantees the uniformity of these angles. 6. What addiBonal informaBon does the VSEPR theory give you beyond electron dot structures, in terms of molecular structure? The VSEPR theory highlights the 3D configuraBon of molecules, encompassing bond angles &
Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L molecular shapes. This theory extends beyond electron dot structures, which merely depict atom connecBvity and not their spaBal orientaBon EXERCISE 1: MOLECULAR MODELS OF NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS In this exercise, you will fill out Table 1, and upload a photo of the Lewis Dot Structures below. Table 1: Lewis Dot Structures Element Symbol Group Number Valence Electrons Lewis Dot Structure Hydrogen H 1 1 (Upload photo below) Carbon C 14 4 (Upload photo below) Chlorine CI 17 7 (Upload photo below) Aluminum AI 13 3 (Upload photo below) Oxygen O 16 6 (Upload photo below) Fluorine F 17 7 (Upload photo below) Neon Ne 18 8 (Upload photo below)
Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L Below, insert a photo of your Lewis Dot Structures. Your name must be clearly visible on the uploaded diagram in order to earn credit for this lab. Nitrogen N 15 5 (Upload photo below) Element Symbol Group Number Valence Electrons Lewis Dot Structure Hydrogen H 1 1 (Upload photo below) Carbon C 14 4 (Upload photo below) Chlorine CI 17 7 (Upload photo below) Aluminum AI 13 3 (Upload photo below)
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Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L For this porBon of the exercise, fill in the correct bond angles for the given molecules. Table 2: Molecular Structures and Geometries Molecule (central atom is underlined) Sketch of Lewis Dot Structure Shape Name Bond Angle Structure Bond Angle CO 2 (Upload photo below) Linear 180 AlCl 3 (Upload photo below) Trigonal Planar 120 H 2 O (Upload photo below) Bent 104.5 NH 3 (Upload photo below) Trigonal pyramidal 107 CCl 4 (Upload photo below) Tetrahedral 109.5 PCl 5 (Upload photo below) Trigonal bipyramidal 90/120
Lab 6 Molecular Geometry CHEM101L For each of the molecules in Table 2, above, insert both the sketches and molecular models you built that represent them. Your name must be present in the photo for credit on this lab. SF 6 (Upload photo below) Octahedral 90 Molecule (central atom is underlined) Sketch of Lewis Dot Structure Shape Name Bond Angle Structure Bond Angle