Unit IV Scholarly Activity
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Unit IV Scholarly Activity
Chemical Hazard and Noise Sampling Results
June A. Warren-Pope
Columbia Southern University
Advanced Industrial Hygiene
OSH 6302
Professor William Pate
May 24, 2023
2
Chemical Hazard Sampling Results
1.
Calculate the exposure concentration in mg/m
3
for the aerosols.
a. Manganese Fume
(5 ug)/(30 L) = 0.167 ug/L = 0.167 mg/m3
b. Copper Fume (140 ug)/(960 L) = 0.146 ug/L = 0.146 mg/m3
c. Lead Fume (40 ug)/(960 L) = 0.042 ug/L = 0.042 mg/m3
d. Metal Working Fluids
(500 ug)(720 L) = 0.694 ug/L = 0.694 mg/m3
2. Calculate the exposure in ppm for the vapors.
a. 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene (5 ug)/(48 L) = 0.104 ug/L = 0.104 mg/m3
[(0.104 mg/m3)(24.45 L)]/(120.19) = 0.021 ppm
b. Toluene (125 ug)/(48 L) = 2.6 ug/L = 2.6 mg/m3
[(2.6 mg/m3)(24.45 L)]/(92.15) = 0.690 ppm
c. Xylene (20 ug)/48 L) = 0.416 ug/L = 0.416 mg/m3
[(0.416 mg/m3)(24.45 L)]/(106.17) = 0.096 ppm
3. Discuss where you think errors might have been introduced into the results.
Any sample result is subject to possible errors (Fuller, 2015). Errors could be due to the flow of the air pump or in the laboratory methods used in analysis. The total of errors for a collected sample is called the sampling and analytical error (SAE), which is determined by taking the square root of the pump error squared plus the lab error squared. SAE is usually around 10%.
4. Compare your calculated exposures to one of the OELs in the table in the syllabus.
My calculations
OEL
a. Manganese Fume
0.167 mg/m3
0.1 mg/m3 (ACGIH 8-hour TWA)
b. Copper Fume
0.146 mg/m3
0.2 mg/m3 (ACGIH 8-hour TWA)
c. Lead Fume 0.042 mg/m3
0.05 mg/m3 (ACGIH 8-hour TWA)
3
d. Metal Working Fluids 0.694 mg/m3
0.5 mg/m3 (NIOSH 10-hour TWA REL)
e. 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene 0.021 ppm
25 ppm (ACGIH 8-hour TWA TLV)
f. Toluene
0.690 ppm
20 ppm (ACGIH 8-hour TWA TLV)
g. Xylene
0.096 ppm
100 ppm (ACGIH 8-hour TWA)
5. Do any of the calculated exposures exceed the OEL you chose?
Yes – manganese fume and metal working fluids.
6. Discuss why you chose the OELs you used.
I chose the ACGIH and NIOSH OEL’s because they are more stringent than the OSHA OELs. It is safer to expose workers to lower levels of hazardous chemicals and noise. Many of OSHA’s numbers are out of date because the last research done on them was in the 1970’s. The ACGIH and NIOSH OELs are based on more recent scientific research and data.
7. Provide your opinion as to whether the risk associated with each exposure is an acceptable level of risk.
The risk associated with the copper fume, lead fume, 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene are acceptable because the amounts that workers are exposed to are lower than the OELs. The risk associated with manganese fume and metal working fluids is too high because the amount of these hazards that workers are exposed to is greater than the OELs.
Noise Sampling Results
1. Convert the results from dBA to percent.
a.
Shipping/Receiving = 78.3 dBA, 8 hours
TWA = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)]) + 90
78.3 -90 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)]) + (90 – 90)
-11.7 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)])
-11.7/16.61 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)])/16.61
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-0.704 = [log(10)(Dose/100)]
0.198 = Dose/100
(0.198)(100) = (Dose/100)(100)
19.8% = Dose
b.
Hydraulic Press = 93.0 dBA, 12 hours
D = 100(C/T)
T = (12)/2 [L-90/5]
(93.0-90)/5 = 0.6
2 0.6
= 1.042
12/1.042 = 11.5%
c.
Metal Working Line = 84 dBA, 12 hours
D = 100(C/T)
T = (12)/2 [L-90/5]
(84.0-90)/5 = -1.2
2 -1.2
= 0.435
12/0.435 = 27.6%
d.
Robotic Welding = 80.5 dBA, 12 hours
D = 100(C/T)
T = (12)/2 [L-90/5]
(80.5-90)/5 = -1.9
2 -1.9
= 0.268
12/0.268 = 44.8%
e.
Hand Welding = 81.3 dBA, 12 hours
D = 100(C/T)
5
T = (12)/2 [L-90/5]
(81.3 -90)/5 = -1.74
2 -1.74
= 0.299
12/0.299 = 40.1%
f.
Paint Booth = 79.5 dBA, 12 hours
D = 100(C/T)
T = (12)/2 [L-90/5]
(79.5-90)/5 = -2.1
2 -2.1
= 0.233
12/0.233 = 51.5%
g.
QA/QC Laboratory = 70.0 dBA, 8 hours
TWA = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)]) + 90
70 - 90 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)]) + (90 – 90)
-20 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)])
-20/16.61 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)])/16.61
-1.20 = [log(10)(Dose/100)]
0.198 = Dose/100
(0.063)(100) = (Dose/100)(100)
6.3% = Dose
h.
Final Inspection = 73.5 dBA, 8 hours
TWA = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)]) + 90
73.5 - 90 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)]) + (90 – 90)
-16.5 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)])
-16.5/16.61 = (16.61 [log(10)(Dose/100)])/16.61
6
-0.993 = [log(10)(Dose/100)]
0.101 = Dose/100
(0.101)(100) = (Dose/100)(100)
10.1% = Dose
2. Which of the results exceeds the OSHA PEL?
According to the Hearing Conservation Amendment, the OSHA permissible noise exposure limit is a daily exposure average of 80 dBA for an 8-hour workday (Fuller, 2015). OSHA allows a dBA exchange rate of 5 dB for every 4 hours of exposure. The noise levels in the hydraulic press, metal working line, robotic welding, hand welding, and paint booth areas exceed the OSHA PEL.
3.
Which of the results exceeds the OSHA action level?
The noise levels in the hydraulic press, metal working line, robotic welding, hand welding, and paint booth areas exceed the OSHA action level.
4.
Provide your opinion as to whether the risk associated with each exposure is an acceptable level of risk.
The noise levels in the shipping/receiving, robotic welding, QA/QC laboratory and final inspection are at an acceptable level of risk. The noise levels in the hydraulic press, metal working line, robotic welding, hand welding, and paint booth areas are too high and are not at an acceptable level of risk.
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References
Fleeger, A. K., Lillquist, D. R., & American Industrial Hygiene Association. (2011). Industrial hygiene reference & study guide
. AIHA. Retrieved from https://viewer-ebscohost-
com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/EbscoViewerService/ebook?an=1491632&
Fuller, T. P. (2015). Essentials of industrial hygiene
. Itasca, IL: National Safety Council.
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