CVG 3132-Assignment 1
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CVG3132 Physical and Chemical Unit Operations of Water and Wastewater Treatment
Assignment #1
Due Date: Monday, Feb. 5
th
Topic: Material Balance & Reactor Design TA: Dorsa Hejazi (Email: zheja067@uottawa.ca)
1-1. Seawater can be desalinized by reverse osmosis (RO) process. As indicated, the process creates two streams, one more concentrated than incoming seawater, and the other less concentrated. Assume that the density of water is 1 kg/L.
a) Calculate the mass of salt and flow rates of 2 streams leaving RO.
b) Calculate the recycle ratio defined as mass ratio of recycle stream to the waste stream. RO
Sea Water
500 kg/hr
3.1 % Salt Desalinized Water
500 mg/L salt
Brine Waste
5.25 % Salt
Brine Recycle
4.0 % Salt
Assignment #1 - MATERIAL BALANCE & REACTOR DESIGN
1-2. Your stomach is a chemical reactor. If you eat a 325 g hamburger, in response your stomach starts to produce acids at a rate of 12 mL/min as the hamburger is digested. This fluid leaves your stomach at the same rate keeping the volume of the mixture of food and liquid at a constant volume of 1.15 L. The hamburger digestion rate is 1.33 1/hr.
a) What kind of ideal reactor would you model your stomach as? State any assumption.
b) What fraction of the hamburger’s
mass remain undigested after 1 hour after you eat it? Assignment #1 - MATERIAL BALANCE & REACTOR DESIGN
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1-3. Lagoons are used to treat municipal wastewater. Suppose that lagoons can be assumed to act as a complete mix reactor. The organic matter (OM) is degraded according to the first-order reaction, with k = 0.25 1/day. If a city produces 5,000 cubic meters of wastewater per day, how much surface area would be needed if the average depth is 2.5 m? The side slope = 1V: 3H (1 vertical to 3 horizontal). OM of the influent is 200 mg/L and the discharge standard concentration is 20 mg/L. State all your assumptions! Also derive the equation for determination of C
e
based on known values of C
e
, Q, and V. V
C
0
, Q
C
e
, Q
Assignment #1 - MATERIAL BALANCE & REACTOR DESIGN
Related Questions
3. Suppose you are to measure the BOD removal rate for a primary wastewater treatment plant.
You take 2 samples of raw sewage on its way into the plant and two samples of the effluent
leaving the plant. Standard 5-day BOD tests are run on the four samples, with no seeding
producing the following data:
Sample
Dilution
Doi (mg/L)
DOf (mg/L)
Source
1
Raw
1:30
9.0
2.2
2
Raw
1:20
9.0
?
3
Treated
1:15
8.5
1.5
4
Treated
?
9.0
1
a. Find the BOD5 for the raw and treated sewage, and the percent removal of BOD in the
treatment plant.
b. Find the DO that would be expected in sample 2 at the end of the test.
c. What would be the maximum volume of treated sewage for sample 4 that could be put into
the 300 mL BOD bottle and still have the DO after 5 days remain above zero?
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As part of the aspirin synthesis lab the orgo students also had to perform the following calculation to demonstrate their knowledge. Are you able to help them work this out?
Saponification is a process in which soap is produced from the chemical reaction between animal fat (triglycerides) and a strong base such as KOH.
An example of such balanced chemical reaction is shown here:
C51H98O6 + 3KOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3C16H31O2K
(Triglyceride) (Soap)
if during the saponification reaction 231.5 g of C51H98O6 is mixed with 231.5 g of KOH and 160 g of soap is produced.
Calculate the theoretical yield of soap C16H31O2K and indicate who is the limiting reactant. (Provide your answer to 2 decimal places)
Calculate the percent yield for this reaction (Provide your answer to 1 decimal place)
*Show ALL steps and mathematical equations involved in your calculations to help the orgo students. Remember to label all…
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terface/acellus_engine.htm?ClassID=1467683063
Use the data below to determine the
mass ratio of iron to oxygen for
compound 2.
Compound
1
2
Et
onal Academy of Science. All Rights Reserved.
Mass Fe
(grams)
15.55
20.98
[20:1
Enter the answer that belongs in the green box.
Iron Ratio Cmpd 2
Mass O
(grams)
4.45
9.02
Sh
Enter
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Do Now 1/31 Balancing
POS
NH3(g) +
O2(g) _ N2(g) + _ H,0(g)
When the reaction above is completely balanced, the coefficient for NH3 will be
O 2
O 3
O 4
O 5
31
P Type here to search
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4,6,7,8)
Question 19 of 20 (5 points) Question Attempt: 1 of 1
Time Remaining: 30:47
Hannah
10
= 11
= 12
=13
=14
=15
= 16
17
18
19
20
Predict the reactants of this chemical reaction. That is, fill in the left side of the chemical equation. Be sure the equation you submit is balanced. (You can edit
both sides of the equation to balance it, if you need to.)
do
Note: you are writing the molecular, and not the net ionic equation.
-
CaBr, (aq) + H,O(1)
Submit Assignment
Continue
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Activity No. 2: Show me!
What you need: Pen and extra sheet of paper (if needed)
What to do: Answer the following questions. Correct answers are already provided; just show your
solutions in getting the right answers.
1. An alcoholic drink claims 12% alcohol by volume. Calculate the volume in mL of alcohol
present in a 0.8 L wine.
ANSver 96 mt of aloõnol
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O •
+ 88
www-awu.aleks.com
ALEKS - Anniston Stovall
b Answered: Ammonium phosphate ((NH,), P04) is an... | bartleby
O CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Anniston
Solving for a reactant using a chemical equation
1/5
Green plants use light from the Sun to drive photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which water (H,O) and carbon dioxide (CO,) chemically
react to form the simple sugar glucose (CH206) and oxygen gas (02).
What mass of water is consumed by the reaction of 7.8 g of carbon dioxide?
Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
olo
g
18
x10
Ar
Explanation
Check
© 2022 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility
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5) Calculate the flux of oxygen between the ocean and the atmosphere(2 pts), given that:
(from Box 5.1, pg. 88 of your text):
Temp = 18°C
Salinity = 35 ppt
Density = 1025 kg/m3
Oxygen concentration measured in bulk water = 263.84 mmol/m3
Wind speed = 7.4 m/s
Oxygen is observed to be about 10% initially supersaturated
What is flux if the temperature is 10°C ? (2 pts) (Hint: use the same density in your calculations). Why do your calculated values make sense (or not) based on what you know about the relationship between gas solubility and temperature (1 pt)?
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2.
Ferrous iron (Fe2+) must be removed from a steel plant wastewater to meet a
pretreatment standard of 106 M. The proposed treatment scheme involves
oxidizing the ferrous iron to ferric iron (Fe³+) in a CMFR. The ferric hydroxide
precipitate (Fe(OH)3(s)) will be continuously removed from the bottom of the
reactor to maintain steady state conditions. Dissolved oxygen will be added to the
reactor by bubbling air through the solution. The pH in the reactor will be kept
constant by the addition of a well-buffered caustic waste stream from another part
of the plant. You are given the following information:
Temperature=20 °C
Waste stream flow rate
Caustic stream flow rate
=
1000 L/min
=
100 L/min
Concentration of Fe²+ in the waste stream=5x10-3 M
Volume of reactor-72,500 L
Saturation concentration of oxygen at 20 °C = 9.08 mg/L = 2.84x104 M
Constant pH in the reactor = 9
Assume that there is no dissolved oxygen in either the waste stream or the
caustic stream.
The reaction occurs in two…
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NME
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Chemical Reactions-Write Neat and Balanced Reactions from Word Equations
You need to submit one sheet of paper (not this one), that is very neat, with a fully balanced reaction for these 6
reactions Remember to include proper states.
1. solid potassium metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce solid potassium oxide.
2. solid potassium chlorate decomposes into oxygen gas and solid potassium chloride.
3. solid aluminum oxide is decomposed into solid aluminum and oxygen gas.
4. aqueous cobalt(III) nitrate reacts with solid zinc to produce aqueous zinc nitrate and solid cobalt.
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[References]
A certain microwave oven delivers 750 watts (J/s) of power to a coffee cup containing 41.0 g of water at 35.3°C. If the wavelength of microwaves in the oven is 9.75 cm, how long does it take,
and how many photons must be absorbed, to make the water boil? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/°C-g and assume only the water absorbs the energy of the microwaves.
photons
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EB Ga...
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2
11
+ BIU
Key Words: global warming
et
3
1. Why is oxygen NOT a greenhouse gas?
A
4
> DOE-E X-E
greenhouse gas
6
infrared energy
3. The atmosphere on the planet Venus is almost 96 % carbon dioxide. What effect might its
concentration of carbon dioxide have on the average surface temperature on Venus?
is not a greenhouse gas because it is transparent to infrared light. and greenhouse gasses absorb
oxygen
infrared radiations. meaning it can not absorb heat.
2. Why is the effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere similar to the effect of glass surrounding a
greenhouse?
Page 3: The Structure of Greenhouse Gases Questions
4. What effect does an increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (and therefore rising
temperatures) have on the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere? Why?
3
7
I
5. Both coal and natural gas can be burned to generate electricity. However, burning natural gas produces
about half the…
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tion 12 - Chapter 10 Home X
ezto.mheducation.com/ext/map/index.html?_con=con&external_browser=0&launchUrl=https%253A%252F%252Fclasses.alaska.edu%252Fwebapps%252Fport
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NH4NO3 → (Click to select) N20 +
Balance the chemical equation. Note that you must select "1" if that is the correct coefficient, though the "1" is not typically written in a
balanced equation, but is implied.
(Click to select) NH4NO3
5
2
1
JUL 11
Saved
(Click to select) H20
AN
1
átv
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A
S
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Strontium phosphate, Sr3(PO4)2Sr3(PO4)2, dissociates when placed in water. This compound has a solubility of 0.112 mg/L in water at 20 °C.
Calculate the Ksp of Sr3(PO4)2Sr3(PO4)2. Please write your answer using scientific notation according to the following format: 0.0010 would be writen as 1.0*10^-3.
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A sample containing a mixture of SrCl, · 6 H,0 (MW = 266.62 g/mol) and CSCI (MW = 168.36 g/mol) originally weighs
1.6017 g. Upon heating the sample to 320 °C, the waters of hydration are driven off SrCl, · 6 H,0, leaving the anhydrous SrCl,.
After cooling the sample in a desiccator, it has a mass of 1.1433 g. Calculate the weight percent of Sr, Cs, and Cl in the
original sample.
320 °C
SrCl, · 6 H,0(s)-
SrCl, (s) + 6 H,O(g)
wt% Sr =
wt% Cs =
wt% CI =
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Case: 1Sodium chloride is obtained by reacting NaOH with HCl in a batch reactor.
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
Suppose that 100 kg of NaOH and 76 kg of HCL are taken in the batch reactor and 107
kg of NaCl is obtained after some time.
Determine: The limiting reactant
The percentage of excess reactant
The degree of completion (fraction)
The percent conversion of NaOH to NaCl
The yield (kg of NaCl to kg of HCI)
[Bhatt, B. I. & Vora, S. M. (2004)]
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Part 3- Will a reaction occur and why?
If yes
then why?
Will a reaction occur?
Reactants
,
Yes
No
FeSO4(aq) NaCl(aq)
NaOH(aq)H2SO4(aq)
AgNO3(aq)MgCl2(aq)
Cu(s)MgCl2(aq)
Fe(s) AgCl(aq)
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End-of-the-Pipe Control versus Pollution Prevention The marginal cost of reduction curve illustrated in Figure 4.5 assumes a particular approach to reducing pollution, often called end-of-the-pipe control. In other words, when we draw that upward-sloping MC curve, we assume that firms respond to regulation by maintaining the same basic production technology but adding on scrubbers or filters to clean up their emissions. Under these conditions, rising marginal costs of reduction are quite likely. However, suppose that firms radically overhaul their production technology, so that they completely eliminate emissions. This is known as a “pollution prevention” strategy. An example might be a jeweler, who in the face of regulation adopts a closed-loop production system. This is one in which all mineral waste products are recovered from recycled wastewater and then reused. What would the marginal cost of reduction diagram look like in this case? a. Specifically, assume that…
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<ΔΗ°
this question.
Given the standard enthalpy changes for the following
two reactions:
X
(1) 2Zn(s) + O2(g) → 2ZnO(s)
(2) Zn(s) + Cl₂ (g) → ZnCl₂ (s)
KJ
+
Submit Answer
8 more group attempts remaining
what is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction:
(3) 2ZnCl₂ (s) + O₂(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2Cl₂ (g)
ΔΗ° =?
Retry Entire Group
ΔΗ°
- 696.6 kJ
AH = -415.0 kJ
==
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O CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Identifying the limiting reactant in a drawing of a mixture
The drawing below shows a mixture of molecules:
key
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
sulfur
oxygen
chlorine
Suppose the following chemical reaction can take place in this mixture:
CO(g)+2 H,(9) → CH,OH(9)
Of which reactant are there the most initial moles? Enter its chemical formula:
Of which reactant are there the least initial moles? Enter its chemical formula:
Which reactant is the limiting reactant? Enter its chemical formula:
Explanation
Check
FEB
13
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Record
your
observations following each reaction including changes in color and state of matter.
AGNO3 (Ag*)
Pb(NO3)2 (Pb²*)
Ca(NO3)2 (Ca²+)
а
e
i
NazCO3
Light orange solid
white, cloudy solid
white, cloudy, solid
(СО2)
b
NaOH
f
dark brown solid
stay clear, liquid
white, cloudy solid
(OH)
g
k
NazSO4
stay clear, liquid
white, cloudy, solid
white, cloudy, solid
(SO?)
d
NaCl
1
white, cloudy solid
white, cloudy solid
stay clear, liquid
(CF)
....
Remember to complete and submit this table to your instructor before the end of the class session.
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Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- 3. Suppose you are to measure the BOD removal rate for a primary wastewater treatment plant. You take 2 samples of raw sewage on its way into the plant and two samples of the effluent leaving the plant. Standard 5-day BOD tests are run on the four samples, with no seeding producing the following data: Sample Dilution Doi (mg/L) DOf (mg/L) Source 1 Raw 1:30 9.0 2.2 2 Raw 1:20 9.0 ? 3 Treated 1:15 8.5 1.5 4 Treated ? 9.0 1 a. Find the BOD5 for the raw and treated sewage, and the percent removal of BOD in the treatment plant. b. Find the DO that would be expected in sample 2 at the end of the test. c. What would be the maximum volume of treated sewage for sample 4 that could be put into the 300 mL BOD bottle and still have the DO after 5 days remain above zero?arrow_forwardAs part of the aspirin synthesis lab the orgo students also had to perform the following calculation to demonstrate their knowledge. Are you able to help them work this out? Saponification is a process in which soap is produced from the chemical reaction between animal fat (triglycerides) and a strong base such as KOH. An example of such balanced chemical reaction is shown here: C51H98O6 + 3KOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3C16H31O2K (Triglyceride) (Soap) if during the saponification reaction 231.5 g of C51H98O6 is mixed with 231.5 g of KOH and 160 g of soap is produced. Calculate the theoretical yield of soap C16H31O2K and indicate who is the limiting reactant. (Provide your answer to 2 decimal places) Calculate the percent yield for this reaction (Provide your answer to 1 decimal place) *Show ALL steps and mathematical equations involved in your calculations to help the orgo students. Remember to label all…arrow_forward+ terface/acellus_engine.htm?ClassID=1467683063 Use the data below to determine the mass ratio of iron to oxygen for compound 2. Compound 1 2 Et onal Academy of Science. All Rights Reserved. Mass Fe (grams) 15.55 20.98 [20:1 Enter the answer that belongs in the green box. Iron Ratio Cmpd 2 Mass O (grams) 4.45 9.02 Sh Enterarrow_forward
- detailsarrow_forwardO My Apps 6 Schoology x 9 Vaping hez x SIS Logout E Microsoft x E Draw Conc x O World War x W Ame- Ô https://epsnj.schoology.com/common-assessment-delivery/start/5614731235?action=Donresume&submis Do Now 1/31 Balancing POS NH3(g) + O2(g) _ N2(g) + _ H,0(g) When the reaction above is completely balanced, the coefficient for NH3 will be O 2 O 3 O 4 O 5 31 P Type here to searcharrow_forward4,6,7,8) Question 19 of 20 (5 points) Question Attempt: 1 of 1 Time Remaining: 30:47 Hannah 10 = 11 = 12 =13 =14 =15 = 16 17 18 19 20 Predict the reactants of this chemical reaction. That is, fill in the left side of the chemical equation. Be sure the equation you submit is balanced. (You can edit both sides of the equation to balance it, if you need to.) do Note: you are writing the molecular, and not the net ionic equation. - CaBr, (aq) + H,O(1) Submit Assignment Continue Accessibility Privacy Center 2021 McGraw Hill LLC All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use IIarrow_forward
- Activity No. 2: Show me! What you need: Pen and extra sheet of paper (if needed) What to do: Answer the following questions. Correct answers are already provided; just show your solutions in getting the right answers. 1. An alcoholic drink claims 12% alcohol by volume. Calculate the volume in mL of alcohol present in a 0.8 L wine. ANSver 96 mt of aloõnolarrow_forwardO • + 88 www-awu.aleks.com ALEKS - Anniston Stovall b Answered: Ammonium phosphate ((NH,), P04) is an... | bartleby O CHEMICAL REACTIONS Anniston Solving for a reactant using a chemical equation 1/5 Green plants use light from the Sun to drive photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which water (H,O) and carbon dioxide (CO,) chemically react to form the simple sugar glucose (CH206) and oxygen gas (02). What mass of water is consumed by the reaction of 7.8 g of carbon dioxide? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. olo g 18 x10 Ar Explanation Check © 2022 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forward5) Calculate the flux of oxygen between the ocean and the atmosphere(2 pts), given that: (from Box 5.1, pg. 88 of your text): Temp = 18°C Salinity = 35 ppt Density = 1025 kg/m3 Oxygen concentration measured in bulk water = 263.84 mmol/m3 Wind speed = 7.4 m/s Oxygen is observed to be about 10% initially supersaturated What is flux if the temperature is 10°C ? (2 pts) (Hint: use the same density in your calculations). Why do your calculated values make sense (or not) based on what you know about the relationship between gas solubility and temperature (1 pt)?arrow_forward
- 2. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) must be removed from a steel plant wastewater to meet a pretreatment standard of 106 M. The proposed treatment scheme involves oxidizing the ferrous iron to ferric iron (Fe³+) in a CMFR. The ferric hydroxide precipitate (Fe(OH)3(s)) will be continuously removed from the bottom of the reactor to maintain steady state conditions. Dissolved oxygen will be added to the reactor by bubbling air through the solution. The pH in the reactor will be kept constant by the addition of a well-buffered caustic waste stream from another part of the plant. You are given the following information: Temperature=20 °C Waste stream flow rate Caustic stream flow rate = 1000 L/min = 100 L/min Concentration of Fe²+ in the waste stream=5x10-3 M Volume of reactor-72,500 L Saturation concentration of oxygen at 20 °C = 9.08 mg/L = 2.84x104 M Constant pH in the reactor = 9 Assume that there is no dissolved oxygen in either the waste stream or the caustic stream. The reaction occurs in two…arrow_forward| ax NME /Chemical%20Reactions%20Asgn%202-5.pdf 9 Employee Home r4c Covenant Health Ca... Outlook.com - Free... S Birthday party politi. G what does it mea 1 / 2 100% Chemical Reactions-Write Neat and Balanced Reactions from Word Equations You need to submit one sheet of paper (not this one), that is very neat, with a fully balanced reaction for these 6 reactions Remember to include proper states. 1. solid potassium metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce solid potassium oxide. 2. solid potassium chlorate decomposes into oxygen gas and solid potassium chloride. 3. solid aluminum oxide is decomposed into solid aluminum and oxygen gas. 4. aqueous cobalt(III) nitrate reacts with solid zinc to produce aqueous zinc nitrate and solid cobalt.arrow_forwardOWLV2 | Online teaching and X OmySigTau x b Login | bartleby M COMM.1113: FUND OF ORAL X G what food has c - Google Se X + now.com/ilrn/takeAssignment/takeCovalentActivity.do?locator=assignment-take [References] A certain microwave oven delivers 750 watts (J/s) of power to a coffee cup containing 41.0 g of water at 35.3°C. If the wavelength of microwaves in the oven is 9.75 cm, how long does it take, and how many photons must be absorbed, to make the water boil? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/°C-g and assume only the water absorbs the energy of the microwaves. photons Submit Answer Try Another Version 3 item attempts remaining Previous Nextarrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning