Lab 9

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New York Institute of Technology, Manhattan *

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203

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Laboratory Report Name: Daniel Kozlowski Experiment #: 9 Charge-to-Mass Ratio of The Electron Team Members: Daniel Kozlowski PHYS180 Lab Section W01L Fall 2020 Report Submission Date: 12/10/20 Number of Pages: 5

Objective: In this laboratory experiment we must find the charge to mass ratio of an electron. To do this we must measure the radius of the electron particle pathway using a magnetic field. Theory: Theoretical e/me: e⁄me = Charge of Electron/ mass of Electron = 1.60×10-19 C /9.11×10-31kg = 1.76×10^11 [C/kg] Principle of Lorentz Force Demonstrator Model P63412 The Lorentz force is a force that is in contact with a charged particle which moves with its own velocity through fields being magnetic and electric. The Lorentz force is an electromagnetic force on this charged particle moving with velocity. Formula: F = qE + qv × B. Equipment: 1. An Electron Apparatus 2. A ruler

3. An Electron Gun Procedure: 1.) First turn the power of the e/m apparatus that is placed in a dark room or area. Make sure each of the switches are set to low. 2.) Make sure the voltage is completely off and set up the magnetizing coil to lockwise. 3.) Turn the accelerator voltage knob clockwise in order to increase the voltage. 4.) Keep the voltage set to 150V as a starting point and go up by intervals for 10 times. The range spans from .9A all the way to 1.4A. 5.) With each of these intervals, measure the radius. 6.) While having the magnetizing current the same have a changed voltages for 10 times. The range is from 150V to 300V. 7.) With each of these intervals, measure the radius. 8.) Find the charge to mass ratio using the e/m by calculating them after using the steps in previous. Table: V (Volts) I (A) Diameter (cm) (Left to Right) Radius (m) e/m (C/kg) 100 0.69 8.0 0.04 1.48341 x 10^11 125 0.74 8.0 0.04 1.61215 x 10^11 150 0.79 8.0 0.04 1.69744 x 10^11 175 0.83 8.0 0.04 1.79407 x 10^11

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Calculated Average: 1.33 x 10^6 x 100 / .69^2 x .04 = 1.48341 x 10^11 1.33 x 10^6 x 125 / .74^2 x .04 = 1.61215 x 10^11 1.33 x 10^6 x 150 / .79^2 x .04 = 1.69744 x 10^11 1.33 x 10^6 x 175 / .83^2 x .04 = 1.79407 x 10^11 1.33 x 10^6 x 200 / .89^2 x .04 = 1.78323 x 10^11 1.33 x 10^6 x 225 / .94^2 x .04 = 1.79834 x 10^11 (1.48341 x 10^11 + 1.61215 x 10^11 + 1.69744 x 10^11 + 1.79407 x 10^11 + 1.78323 x 10^11 + 1.79834 x 10^11) / 6 = Average = 1.694783 x 10^11 C/kg Percent Error: ((1.694783 x 10^11 C/kg - 1.76 x 10^11 C/kg) / 1.76 x 10^11 C/kg)x 100 = Percent Error = 3.700 Conclusion: 200 0.89 8.0 0.04 1.78323 x 10^11 225 0.94 8.0 0.04 1.79834 x 10^11

In this laboratory experiment, I found how to get the e/m ratio using the formulas provided and the radius of the coils from Helmholtz coils. I was also able to find and understand the charge to mass ratios by the radius of the path of the electrons.The percent error was 3.7 which isn’t significantly large but could have been prevented. The reasoning for this is that errors could have occurred in the experiment while doing calculations or the circuits themselves were faulty in hardware or also could have been set up slightly wrong.