PHY 101L M3 Lab Report Newtons Second Law

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Feb 20, 2024

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PHY 101L Module Three Lab Report Newton’s Second Law Name: Date: January 26, 2024 Complete this lab report by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Activity 1: Newton’s Second Law Activity 1 Table 1 Suspended Mass (kg) Weight of Suspended Mass (mass x 9.8 m/s 2 ), Newtons Time (sec) Average Time Average Time 2 d (m) 2 d (m) Acceleration = 2 d / t 2 3 Washers .016 .156 N Trial 1: 1.55 1.54 s 2.37 s .585 1.17 .49 m/s 2 Trial 2: 1.53 Trial 3: 1.54 4 Washers .0215 .211 N Trial 1: 1.29 1.29 s 1.66 s .585 1.17 .70 m/s 2 Trial 2: 1.30 Trial 3: 1.28 5 Washers .0267 .262 N Trial 1: 1.13 1.14 s 1.30 s .585 1.17 .90 m/s 2 Trial 2: 1.15 Trial 3: 1.14 6 Washers .0315 .309 N Trial 1: 1.04 1.05 s 1.10 s .585 1.17 1.06 m/s 2 Trial 2: 1.06

Trial 3: 1.05 7 Washers .0364 .357 N Trial 1: .99 0.98 s 0.96 s .585 1.17 1.22 m/s 2 Trial 2: .97 Trial 3: .97 Mass of the system .2797 kg Slope of the Line (kg) .2741 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 f(x) = 0.27 x + 0.02 Force vs. Acceleration Acceleration (m/s2) Force (N) Activity 1: Questions 1. According to Newton’s second law F = ma , if the force applied to an object is doubled, what happens to the acceleration? According to Newton’s second law, the acceleration of the object would be doubled if the force applied doubled as the acceleration is proportional to the net force. 2. You observe a vehicle traveling on a highway. The vehicle is maintaining a constant velocity. What can you determine about the forces on the vehicle?

If the vehicle is maintaining constant velocity, the acceleration on the vehicle would be zero and therefore, the net forces on the vehicle would be zero as well. Acceleration is proportional to the net force. 3. What are some error sources in the second law experiment? Some error sources could include human error via calculations and timing measurements. Regardless of human error, the type/quality of surface and the consequent friction could vary the results as well (car not released in straight consistent straight line). Perhaps another error might be an unlevel surface or even the stretching of the string as more weight is put upon it, which in turn, could slightly alter the results. More likely overall though, human error would be the most prevalent, which is why my slope was very close to, but slightly differed from the mass of the system. 4. In the second law experiment, the acceleration is calculated by measuring the time for the cart to move from the start point to the end point and applying the kinematics equation: s = 1 2 at 2 Explain how to use this equation to find the acceleration. You would essentially move the variables on the right of the equal sign to the left so that the a (acceleration) is isolated on that side. Then solve for a . 2 s t 2 = a With s being the displacement and t being the time, we can plug in the respective numbers for these variables and solve the left side of the equation for a. If the displacement were 1.0 meter and the time was 2.0 seconds, the equation would be: 2 ( 1 ) 2 2 = a  2 4 = a  a = 0.5m/s

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