R-14 Intermolecular Forces

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The University of Oklahoma *

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1315

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Recitation section: _________ Recitation 14 1 Last Name: _____________________________ First Name: _____________________________ 1. Fill in the chart below , entering “Yes” or “No” to answer if the type of IMF applies , and enter the predominant type of IMF in the last column. Substance London Dispersion? Dipole-Dipole? Hydrogen Bonding? Predominant IMF? H 2 O yes yes yes Dipole-dipole CO 2 yes no no London Dispersion CBr 4 yes no no Dispersion force CH 2 O no yes no Dipole-dipole NH 3 Yes yes yes Dispersion forces HBr no yes No Dipole-dipole CH 3 NH 2 yes yes yes Hydrogen Bonding 2. In each of the following groups of substances, circle one choice: Highest melting point: Ar, HCl, or F 2 Highest boiling point: H 2 O, H 2 S, or H 2 Se Lowest solubility in water: I 2 , CH 3 OH, NaCl Lowest vapor pressure: H 2 O, HCl, F 2

Recitation section: _________ Recitation 14 2 3. Unlike most other substances, the density of water decreases as temperature decreases below 4 degrees Celsius. To which intermolecular force is this attributed, and how does this happen (describe at the molecular level)? The molecules begin to slow down as it gets colder but because of the cluster formation at the molecular level and the molecules are farther apart the density also begins to decrease. 4. Fill in the chart below: Circle the substance with the higher melting point Predominant IMF responsible for the higher melting point? CH 3 OH or CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Hydrogen Bonding NH 3 or NBr 3 Dipole-Dipole H 2 S or H 2 Te Dipole-Dipole 5. Arrange the following in increasing order of boiling points and explain your choice of order: Water, Solid BaCl 2 , CHCl 3 , Ne gas Lowest-Ne,ChCl3, H2O,BaCl2-Highest The more particles present the higher the boiling point also the harder it is to break the bond also creates a higher boiling point.

Recitation section: _________ Recitation 14 3 6. Use the following terms to fill in the missing term: Capillary Action, Cohesive forces, Surface Tension, Viscosity Missing term Predominant IMF responsible for the higher melting point? Surface Tension In a liquid, the decreasing of the surface area by a unit amount is called ____________________. Viscosity The _______________________ is defined as the resistance of a liquid to flow, and is related to the ability of the molecules to move past one another. Cohesive Forces The _____________________ explain the shape of the meniscus in a glass tube filled with mercury. Capillary Action The term used to describe the ability of a liquid to flow against gravity up a narrow tube is called ______________________. 7. In the phase diagram below, label the following: Triple point and Critical point 8. For each of the changes in state indicated below, fill in the chart for the initial and final states of matter (use the terms solid, liquid, or gas). Change in State Initial Final Condensation Gas Liquid Deposition gas solid

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Recitation section: _________ Recitation 14 4 Vaporization liquid gas Freezing liquid solid Sublimation solid gas Melting solid liquid 9. Consider the phase diagram shown below and answer the following: a. What phase(s) is/are present at point A? Liquid phase b. What phase(s) is/are present at point B? Triple Point c. Starting at D, if the temperature is increased while the pressure remains constant, describe what will happen? It will become a compressible liquid. May end in the critical point d. Starting at D, if the pressure is lowered while the temperature remains constant, describe what will happen. It will hit the triple point and may become a vapor.

Recitation section: _________ Recitation 14 5