lab 3

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Feb 20, 2024

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Ronald House Lab 3 The Effect of an Electric Field on a Moving Charge Abstract This experiment is about how positively and negatively charged particles respond in different electric fields. During this experiment we will look at how charged particles move by utilizing an electron gun, varied voltage amounts, and a phosphor screen. Objective 1. To investigate the effect of a static electric field on various moving charges. Introduction Several types of fields, both electric and magnetic, have been used in many applications to change the flow of charged particles. Until about the 1990s, one of the most common applications was the TV where a beam of electrons was manipulated using an electric field to produce an image on a phosphor screen. While you cannot easily see an electric field, you are surrounded by them and use technology every day that harnesses the power of electric fields: from your microwave to your cell phone. Method Procedure Section 1 1. Start Virtual Physics and select The Effect of an Electric Field on a Moving Charge from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Quantum laboratory. 2. The experiment will be set up on the table. There is an electron gun on the left side of the as the source. 3. There is a phosphor screen on the right-hand side of the table to detect the charged particles. Turn on the phosphor screen by clicking on the green/red button. Record your observations in Question 1. 4. Depending on the size of your screen, you may want to drag the lab window down and left and the phosphor screen window up and right to minimize the overlap. Click on the Grid button on the phosphor screen. Click once above the ones place on the Electric Field modifier meter. Observe the spot. Click a few more times above the ones place on the Electric Field, until the field is at 5 V. (If you mistakenly click between digits, it will move the decimal point. Click it to place it where it was originally and then click above the ones place.) Record your observations in Question 2. Procedure section 2 1. Increase the voltage on the source by clicking above the hundreds place on the electron gun voltage controller. You are not changing the number of electrons leaving the gun, just giving them greater kinetic energy. Record your observation in Question 4.

Procedure section 3 1. Test your prediction from Question 5, then zero out the Electric Field meter by clicking on the appropriate digit buttons until the spot on the phosphor screen is centered again. 2. Double-click or click and drag the electron gun to move it to the Stockroom counter. Enter the Stockroom by clicking inside the Stockroom. Double-click the electron gun to move it back to the shelf. Double-click on the alpha source to select it and move it to the Stockroom counter. Click on the green Return to Lab arrow to return to the lab. Drag the alpha source from the Stockroom counter and place it on the table where the electron gun was originally placed (the middle spotlight). Click on the front of the alpha source to open the shutter. Record your observations in Question 6. 3. Change the unit for the Electric Field from V to kV by clicking once above the unit. This electric field is one thousand times stronger than what we used for the electron gun. Observe the spot as you increase the Electric Field strength from 0 kV to 5 kV. The movement is slight so pay careful attention. Record your observations in Question 7. Results 1. What do you observe when the electrons from the electron gun hit the phosphor screen and what do you think that shows? Spots of light appear around the table; this shows the positions where the charged particles are impacting. 2. What happens to the spot from the electron gun on the phosphor screen when the electric field is changed? When the magnetic field is turned on the spot on the phosphor screen glows bright when the higher intensity light is put on it. 3. What do you think would happen to the spot if you increased the voltage of the electrons leaving the electron gun? Why? When the voltage of the electrons is increased as it glows brighter the spot on the phosphor screen will shrink. This is because of the kinetic energy held by electrons. 4. What happens to the spot on the phosphor screen when the voltage of the source is changed? Why does this happen? If the Voltage source is changed the deflection level will be altered. This is because the change in amount of voltage occurs in a change of the deflection between electrons and the phosphorus screen. 5. What do you think would happen to the spot now if you increased the voltage on the Electric Field modifier that the electron beam is passing through? Why? The size of the spot should increase because there would be a higher level of deflection between the electrons shot from the gun and the phosphor screen. A higher voltage level still increases the magnitude of force being exerted on the electrons, which will also increase the amount of deflection occurring.

6. What appears on the phosphor screen when you use the alpha particle source? What charge do alpha particles have? When the alpha particle source is used, it causes a stream of electrons to appear on the phosphor screen. The charge of the alpha particles is +2 7. Which direction did the spot move when you increased the Electric Field? How does this compare with the direction of movement for the electron beam in the Electric Field? The spot moved right when we increased the electric field. This compares with the direction of movement for the electron beam in the electron field because it is the 8. Why does it take significantly stronger electric field strength to move the beam of alpha particles compared with the beam of electrons (beta particles)? it takes a significantly stronger electric field to move the beam of alpha particles compared to the beam of electrons because the charge of an alpha particle is twice as strong as the beta particle, meaning that it would need twice the energy to move the alpha particle. Discussion This experiment was interesting to perform. I really liked doing the lab on beyond labz because it really felt like a can customize this experience like the real thing. This was a cool lab for me because I can physically see the effects of electric field on a moving charge, we had a large segment on electric field in a class before. Now I can use what I learned in physics now with other passed learned knowledge. Conclusion I found this lab to be verry successful. When performing in this lab, I learned a better understanding of how Electric fields moving charge work and how the deflections change as the charges do. I did not find there to be many sources of error since the lab was performed on a computer and the lab records all data and everything was computed on the calculator. I did find I had to carefully read over the direction to not make a mistake in the lab experiment.

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