QuizSummaryQuestionsPhar7202Year2024Exam1Review

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1 SPRING 2024 PHAR 7202 QUIZZES REVIEW (PART 1) Q1. An SI derived unit of volume is A) cubic liter B) cubic meter C) liter D) meter Q2. What is the base SI unit for pressure? A) mm Mercury (mm Hg) B) torr (torr) C) pascal (Pa) D) atmosphere (atm) Q3. Think, Pair and Share. Convert 2.736 nm to cm. The correct answer is A ) 2.736 x 10 -7 cm B ) 2.736 x 10 -6 cm C ) 2.736 x 10 -5 cm D ) 2.736 x 10 -4 cm E ) 2.736 x 10 -3 cm Detailed solution to Question #3, See lecture note Q4. The respective number of significant figures in 1.256 and 0.051 is: A) 4 for 1.256 and 1 for 0.051 B) 4 for 1.256 and 2 for 0.051 C) 4 for 1.256 and 4 for 0.051 D) 3 for 1.256 and 2 for 0.051 E) 3 for 1.256 and 4 for 0.051 Q5. Scientific notation means writing a number in terms of a product of something from 1 to 10 and something else that is a power of ten, so that A) 320 = 0.32 x 10 3 B) 320 = 32 x 10 1 C) 320 = 3.2 x 10 2 D) 320 = 32 x10 Q6. A study wishes to assess birth characteristics in a population. Which of the following variables describes the appropriate measurement scale or type? (Fill in each blank below with your answer. Use each letter as many times as is appropriate.) A. discrete B. continuous C. ordinal D. nominal E. dichotomous 1. ---- - B -----------birthweight in grams 2. ----- C ----------birthweight classified as low, medium, high 3. ---- -D ---------type of delivery classified as cesarean, natural, induced

2 Q7. What is the mode A) the sum of values divided by the number of values in a distribution B) the most commonly occurring value in a distribution C) a value showing how much dispersion exists from the mean in a distribution D) the value separating the upper half from the lower half of a distribution Q8. What field allows us to use a limited sample to make intelligent and accurate statements about a population? A) inferential statistics B) variation studies C) data mining D) descriptive statistics Q. Think, Pair and Share. A study reports that the mean  1 SD peak plasma concentration of a drug is 1.0  0.1mg/dL in a study consisting of 1,000 patients . Approximately how many patients had values > 1.1 mg/dL ? A) 840 B) 680 C) 320 D) 160 E) 16 Solution D = 160 patients 1.1 mg is 1SD away from the mean = 68% are considered. Remaining 100% - 68%= 32% not considered, Considering normal distribution => 16% each side below 0.09 mg and above 1.1 mg 16% of 1000 = 160 patients Q9. A class of 50 students scored an average of a 73 on the final exam. Given the standard deviation is 5, what is the value of t for a student who scored a 67? A) -8.49 B) -17.5 C) -16.97 D) -7.07 Detailed solutions for Q9, Quiz#3 • Value = 67

3 • Expected Value = 73 • Standard deviation, S = 5 • Sample size, N= 50 Q10. A dipole is: A) two opposite charges closely spaced to each other. B) two positive charges closely spaced to each other. C) two negative charges closely spaced to each other. D) two opposite charges spaced far apart from each other. Q. Think, Pair and Share If 0.50 g of a drug in the vapor state occupies 100 mL at 120ºC and 1 atm pressure, what is its approximate molecular weight? T (ºK) = 120 + 273.15 = 393.15ºK. R= 8.3143 J/ºK.mole = 0.08205 L.atm/ºK.mole (SI system). V=100 mL= 0.1L Answer A) 1.61 g/mole B) 16.1 g/mole C) 161 g/mole D) 1610 g/mole Solution: Q11. The average heat of vaporization of water can be taken as about 9800 cal/mole within range of 20 ºC to 100 ºC. What is the vapor pressure at 95 º C? The vapor pressure P2 at temperature T2 = 373K (100 ºC) is 78 cm Hg, and R is expressed as 1.987 cal/deg/mole (CGS system). A.56 cmHg B. 6517 cmHg C.17.56 cmHg D. 65.17 cmHg E. 17 cmHg Q12. If a compound has different crystalline forms (polymorphs), it may also exhibit: I) Different melting points II) Different stabilities and solubilities III) Different chemical formula A) I only is correct B) III only is correct correct C) I and II are correct D) II and III are correct E) I, II and III are correct . 0.1L 1atm K 393.15 K.mole L.atm/ 0.08205 g 0.5 M PV gRT M RT M g nRT PV                

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4 Q13. Using the following phase diagram, the composition of system P is: A) 70%A + 10%B + 20%C B) 10%A + 70%B + 20%C C) 60%A + 20%C + 20%C D ) 20%A + 60%B + 20%C E) 70%A + 20%B + 10%C Q13+. Calculate the volume in liters of 1 mole of nitrogen gas at 400 atm and 0ºC, using ideal gas equation. Give the answer in mL of N 2 . Solution PV= nRT V =? Unknown n= 1 , so PV= RT => V= RT/P R= T= 0+ 273.15 K = 273.15 R= 0.08205 L.Atm/K.mol P= 400 atm V= RT/P= 0.08205 * 273.15/400 V= 0.056029894 L 1 L= 1000mL V= 0.056029894 x 1000 mL = 56 mL Answer= 56mL Q14. Ultraviolet light are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths A) between 10 nm and 400 nm B) between one meter to one millimeter C) less than 10 picometers

5 D) between 390 nm to 750 nm Q15. A single tablet of colchicine is dissolved in 100 mL of ethanol and its absorbance maximum at 243 nm is measured as 0.438 in a 1-cm path-length cell. Using the molar absorptivity for colchicine ( 29,200 liter mole -1 cm - 1 ), what is the amount, in mg , of colchicine in the tablet? A. 0.6 grams / tablet B. 6 milligrams / tablet C. 0.6 micrograms / tablet D. 600 micrograms / tablet Note: Please see lecture note for detailed/step by step solution to Q15. Q16. In a phosphorescence, relaxation A) is a fast process since two photons are emitted B) is a slow process since it involves energy state transitions "forbidden" in quantum Mechanics C) is a fast process since it involves energy state transitions "forbidden" in quantum mechanics D) is a slow process since two photons are emitted Q. Think, Pair and Share Light with a wavelength of 525 nm is green. Calculate the energy in joules for a green light photon. Answer is: A. 5.71 10 14 J B. 5.71 10- 14 J C. 3.78 10 -19 J D. 3.78 10 19 J E. 6.6262 x 10 -34 J.s Solution: • First find the frequency: f =  =c/  f = 𝟑 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎 /𝒔 𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝒏𝒎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 ష 𝟗 𝒎 𝟏 𝒏𝒎  = 5.71 x 10 14 s - 1 = 5.71 x 10 14 Hz • Second find the energy: E= hf = h  E = (6.6262 x 10 -34 J.s)( 5.71 x 10 14 s -1 ) E = 3.78 10 -19 J / photon Q17. A forensic scientist is attempting to identify a sample as either a codeine or cocaine salt by infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectrum shows no strong bands between 1600 and 2000 cm -1 , (carbonyl) some strong bands in the region 1400 to 1500 cm -1 (aromatic) and some broad bands in the region 3200 to 3700 cm - 1 (hydroxyl) Based on this data, which compound is associated with the spectrum? Use FTIR table provided as a guide.

6 A) Cocaine B) Codeine C) Heroin D) Water Q18. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, A. a molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of another photon with a longer wavelength. B. the amount of light absorbed by a chromophore containing sample is expressed by Lambert- Beer’s Law. C. a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves provides energy that induces change in the dipole moment. D. a nondestructive technique for drug analysis in wave number region ranges : approx. 10,000 to 4000 cm -1 is used. Q19. One limitation of the Arrhenius definition of an acid is that it ______________. I. only provides an approximate pKa for most acids II. only holds for solutions under STP III. only holds for substances in aqueous solutions Q20. What is a Lewis acid? A) A proton donor B) An electron pair donor C) An electron pair acceptor D) A proton acceptor Q21. Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reaction: H 2 O + H 2 O <--> H 3 O+ + OH-. A) acid: H2O, base: H2O, conjugate acid: H3O+, conjugate base: OH B) acid: H3O+, base: OH-, conjugate acid: H2O, conjugate base OH C) acid: H2O, base: none, conjugate acid: H2O, conjugate base; OH D) acid: none, base: H2O, conjugate acid: H3O+, conjugate base: OH Q22. Think, Pair and Share: You are given three beakers labeled A, B and C, containing unknown acids. The labels state that the pKa of A is 4.76, the Ka of B is 1.905 x 10-5, and the Ka of C is 2.512. Which of the following correctly orders the acids by increasing strength? A) A < C < B B) B < C < A C) B < A < C D) A < B < C Detailed Solution to Q22. For A: pka = 4.76

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7 For B: pka = -log (1.905 x 10 -5) = 4.02 For C: pKa = -log (2.512) = -0.41 Thus, the best answer: A < B < C Q23. Think, Pair and Share: Consider having a patient who has overdosed on phenobarbital. Phenobarbital is an unionized acid with a pKa of 7.4 , and, therefore, the conjugate base is anionic. The patient’s urinary pH is 5.4. In order to speed recovery, would you want to increase urinary pH (e.g., to 6.4) or decrease pH (e.g., to 4.4)? In other words, would you want to promote a more basic urine or a more acidic urine? Note: • To solve this problem, first conceptualize what you want to happen. Then, work through the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation to ensure that what you conceptualize matches what you calculate. If the two don’t jive, check your math! If your math is correct, recheck your thinking about the acid-base concepts. Solution: Mathematically • pH - pKa = log [:B]/[H:B] • pH - pKa = log i/u for compounds that are unionized acids and anionic bases • at pH 5.4: pH – pKa = 5.4 -7.4= -2 = log i/u: i/u = 10 -2 = 1/100 (Starting point) • at pH 4.4: pH – pKa = 4.4 -7.4 = -3 = log i/u: i/u = 10 -3 = 1/1,000 (  absorption ) • at pH 6.4: pH - pKa= 6.4 -7.4= -1 = log i/u: i/u = 10 -1 = 1/10 (  excretion ) • (The increased excretion at pH 6.4 is, of course, compared to the starting pH). Q23. What is the pH of a buffer solution made from 0.3 M acetic acid (H 3 CCO 2 H) and 0.05 M sodium acetate (H 3 CCO 2 – Na + ) that has an acid dissociation constant for H 3 CCO 2 H of 1.75 x 10 -5 ? A) 3.98 B) 4.20 C) 5.10 D) 4.40 Hint: use Henderson Hasselbach equation Q24. Which of the following factors does Le Chatelier's principle state will affect the position of the equilibrium of a chemical reaction A) the concentration of the reactants and/or products B) the pressure of the reaction C) the temperature of the reaction D) all of these answers

8 SPRING 2024 PHAR 7202 CASE STUDY #1/2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Case study #1: Pharmaceutical data analysis: Guiding questions for reading Article: Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomized trials. Lancet. 2009 May 30; 373(9678): 1849–1860. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60503-1: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60503- 1. 1) In the case study#1 by ATT, a small absolute reduction (only 0·07% per year) represented a 12% proportional reduction (rate ratio [RR]0·88 [95% CI 0·82–0·94], p=0·0001; figure 1). In this context. The abbreviation CI means: A) CI= Crossover Internally B) CI= Confidence Interval C) CI= Coefficient of Interval D) CI= Cote d’Ivoire E) CI= Costly Intervals 2) In the case study#1 by ATT ( figure 6), which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) Male and female ages (in years) entry on x axis are dependent variables, and the 5-year survival risks (%) on y axis are independent variables B) Male and female ages (in years) entry on x axis discrete variables, and the 5-year survival risks (%) on y axis are nominal variables C) Male and female ages (in years) entry on x axis are independent variables, and the 5-year survival risks (%) on y axis are dependent variables D) Male and female ages (in years) entry on x axis nominal variables, and the 5-year survival risks (%) on y axis are discrete variables E) Male and females ages (in years) entry on x axis dichotomous variables, and the 5-year survival risks (%) on y axis are discrete variables 3) In the case study#1 by ATT , the number of participant (see Table 1) is a typical example of: A) Quantitative discrete variable B) Quantitative continuous variable C) Ordinal variables D) Dichotomous variable 4) Findings from the study of ATT, Table 1 shows the eligible age range (in years) in the column near to the last. In descriptive statistics, the range may be defined as: A) the number that occurs most often B) the middle number in a sorted ascending or descending list of numbers C) One of the measures of central tendency, apart from the mode and median D) The difference between the lowest and highest values E) The difference between the median and mode values 5) Which of the following statements from this study of ATT is CORRECT at 5% significance level, considering that in the primary prevention trials, aspirin allocation yielded a 12% proportional reduction in serious vascular events (0·51% aspirin vs 0·57% control per year, P =0·0001). A) P stands for prevention value, and it may be concluded that aspirin allocation had a significant effect on reducing serious cardiovascular events. B) P stands for a probability value, and it may be concluded that aspirin allocation had a significant effect on reducing serious cardiovascular events. C) P stands for positive value, and it may be concluded that aspirin allocation had a significant effect on reducing serious cardiovascular events.

9 D) P stands for probability value, and it may be concluded that aspirin allocation had a no significant effect on reducing serious cardiovascular events. E) P stands for positive value, and it may be concluded that aspirin allocation had NO significant effect on reducing serious cardiovascular events. Case study #2: State of Matter: Guiding questions for reading Article: Amit Mittal et al. Studies on Aspirin Crystals Generated by a Modified Vapor Diffusion Method. AAPS PharmSciTech, Vol. 17, No. 4, August 2016 (# 2015). DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0432-8 1) Which of the following statements is true about aspirin crysals based on the DSC thermogram (Figure 4) in this study by Mittal et al. 2016? A) The melting point of aspirin polymorph form I was 139.57°C. However, both of the non-solvents-induced ASP crystals have also showed the peak melting point value at an almost similar temperature (136.65 and 137.16°C, respectively, for ASP-II and ASP-III). B) The melting point of aspirin polymorph form I was 132.89°C. However, both of the non-solvents-induced ASP crystals have also showed the peak melting point value at an almost similar temperature (130.52 and 130.74°C, respectively, for ASP-II and ASP-III). C) The melting point of aspirin polymorph form I was 130.52°C. However, both of the non-solvents-induced ASP crystals have also showed the peak melting point value at an almost similar temperature (132.89 and 130.74°C, respectively, for ASP-II and ASP-III). D) The melting point of aspirin polymorph form I was 137.16°C. However, both of the non-solvents-induced ASP crystals have also showed the peak melting point value at an almost similar temperature (136.65 and 139.57°C, respectively, for ASP-II and ASP-III). 2) In this study (Mittal et al. 2016), which statement about the enthalpy or heat of fusion of aspirin (ASP) polymorphs (I, II and III) is CORRECT? A) The heats of fusion value for unprocessed ASP-I, ASP-II and ASP-III were −924.0 J/g, −977.3 and −708.0 J/g, respectively. B) The heats of fusion value for unprocessed ASP-I, ASP-II and ASP-III were +924.0 J/g, +977.3 and +708.0 J/g, respectively. C) The heats of fusion value for unprocessed ASP-I, ASP-II and ASP-III were −977.3, 924.0 J/g and −708.0 J/g, respectively. D) The heats of fusion value for unprocessed ASP-I, ASP-II and ASP-III were +977.3, +924.0 J/g and +708.0 J/g, respectively. 3) The morphological study performed by scanning electron microscopy in this case study (by Mittal et al. 2016) showed that: A) ASP-I was found to be irregular-shaped crystals with no specific habit. However, ASP-II and ASP-III appeared to be platy and needle shaped, respectively. B) ASP-II was found to be irregular-shaped crystals with no specific habit. However, ASP-I and ASP-III appeared to be platy and needle shaped, respectively. C) ASP-III was found to be irregular-shaped crystals with no specific habit. However, ASP-I and ASP-II appeared to be platy and needle shaped, respectively. D) ASP-II and III were found to be irregular-shaped crystals with no specific habit. However, ASP-I appeared to be platy and needle shaped. 4) The dissolution study of different forms of aspirin in this article by Mittal et al 2016 shows that: A) The pure drug (ASP-I) attained more than 100% cumulative percentage drug dissolved value within 40 min while ASP-II and ASP-III were not completely dissolved after 60 min study. B) The pure drug (ASP-I) attained only 50% cumulative percentage drug dissolved value within 40 min while ASP-II and ASP-III were not completely dissolved after 60 min study.

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10 C) The pure drug (ASP-I) attained only 25% cumulative percentage drug dissolved value within 40 min while ASP-II and ASP-III were not completely dissolved after 60 min study. D) The solvent induced aspirin crystals (ASP-II and ASP-III) attained more than 100% cumulative percentage drug dissolved value within 40 min while the pure aspirin (ASP-I) I was not completely dissolved after 60 min study. 5) The thermal analysis in this case study (Mittal et al. 2016) of various aspirin crystal forms was performed using: A) Tensiometer B) Rheometer C) pH meter D) Calorimeter