Unit II- Assessment

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BOS 3640-20J-2B22-S1, Interactions of Hazardous Materials Dolores Gough INSTRUCTOR MANAGER Take Test: Unit II Assessment Test Information Descriptio n Instructio ns  Weight: 10% of course grade  Due: Tuesday, 09/21/2021 11:59 PM (CST) QUESTION 1 1. A contractor was hired to do some maintenance work inside a 5,000-gallon tank at a facility located at sea level. What is the minimum level of oxygen necessary for the contractor to complete his task without using a supplied air respirator according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)? 19.0% by volume 19.5% by volume 21.0% by volume 23.5% by volume 4 points QUESTION 2 1. Several methods, including coal gasification, produce hydrogen. Identify an intermediate product from the chemical reaction of coal and steam. Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Methane 4 points QUESTION 3

1. Charcoal is a form of carbon that results when wood, animal bones, nutshells, corn cobs, or peach pits are heated in the absence of air. Which of the following statements is not true regarding charcoal? Charcoal has high porosity. Charcoal is an effective absorbing medium. Charcoal is a combustible material. Charcoal that is on fire will produce hydrogen gas. 4 points QUESTION 4 1. Sulfur that is found in underground deposits can contain which flammable gas? Sulfuric acid fumes Sulfur dioxide Hydrogen sulfide Flowers of sulfur 4 points QUESTION 5 1. Phosphine is produced from the burning of phosphorus. When it is transported, identify the DOT hazard class and zone. Hazard Class 6.2, Zone A Hazard Class 6.2, Zone B Hazard Class 2.2, Zone C Hazard Class 2.3, Zone A 4 points QUESTION 6 1. Hydrogen can be generated from the chemical reactions of metals and water or acidic solutions. The rate of the reaction varies, as shown in the Activity Series provided in Table 7.6 of the textbook. Using this table, as illustrated below, select which of the following group of metals have activities in ascending order (least reactive to most

reactive). Most reactive strongly reducing Li K Ba Ca Na These elements react rapidly with aqueous H + ions (acid) or with liquid H 2 O to release H 2 gas. Mg AI Mn Zn Cr Fe These elements react with aqueous H + ions or with steam to release H 2 gas. Co Ni Sn These elements react with aqueous H + ions to release H 2 gas. H2 Cu Ag Hg Pt Au These elements do not react with aqueous H + ions to release H 2 . Ni, Ag, K, Zn Zn, Ni, Ag, K Ag, Ni, Zn, K Ag, Zn, Ni, K 4 points QUESTION 7 1. Select the proper identification that shippers will include in the shipping papers when transporting cryogenic or liquid oxygen to comply with U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements. UN1072, Oxygen cryogenic, chemical, 5.1, PG II NA 3356, Oxygen, cryogenic, 2.2 (5.1) UN1073, Oxygen, refrigerated liquid, 2.2, (5.1)

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UN1072, Oxygen, compressed, 2.2, (5.1) 4 points QUESTION 8 1. The release of liquid oxygen (LOX) is potentially more hazardous than that of gaseous oxygen (GOX). Select which is not a true statement regarding the interaction of LOX with other materials. Contact of LOX with concrete can ignite explosively when subjected to mechanical shock. Aluminum is a stable metal and should be used for equipment that stores LOX. A firefighter’s turnout gear can burn with an active flame when exposed to LOX. Magnesium is a stable metal but could burn on contact with LOX. 4 points QUESTION 9 1. The ill-effects due to exposure to elemental chlorine vary depending on the exposure time and chlorine concentration. If somebody who has been working at a water treatment plant for about an hour was exposed to 900 ppb, choose the expected health effects from the table below (i.e., Table 7.9 in the textbook). Time Exposure for Concentration Adverse Health Effect 1-8 hr exposure at <0.5ppm No signs or symptoms of adverse effects 1-hr exposure at 0.5-2 ppm Strong odor; slight irritation of nose, throat, and eyes 1-hr exposure at 2-20 ppm Burning of eyes or throat; coughing and choking sensations 1-hr exposure at >20 ppm Sense of suffocation; chest pain; shortness of breath; nausea; vomiting; and hoarseness 1-hr exposure at ≥34 ppm Pulmonary edema; sudden death; bronchospasm (closure of the larynx) No signs or symptoms of adverse effects Strong odor; slight irritation of nose, throat,

and eyes Sense of suffocation; chest pain; shortness of breath; nausea; and vomiting Pulmonary edema; sudden death; bronchospasm (closure of the larynx) 4 points QUESTION 10 1. A shipper was transporting molten sulfur from Texas to South Dakota. Which of the following markings is required by DOT on the packaging? A FLAMMABLE SOLID label "1350" within an orange panel Class 9 label only "MOLTEN SULFUR" and "HOT" within a white diamond 4 points QUESTION 11 1. You are the manager of the health, safety, and environmental (HSE) department in your company, and one of your tasks is to give training to new or transfer employees to your department. A topic that is being covered in training is the use of the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) (hard copy or mobile app version). The incident that you gave the class to evaluate their understanding of how to use the ERG involves a spill of 55 gallons of material in a dry ditch along a dirt road at 5 am. The material has an identification number of 1828. The employees in the class are to address the following prompts based on information from the ERG. a. List the specific name of the material and the guide number to be used. Sulphur chlorides, guide number 137 b. Select the appropriate initial isolation and protective action distances.

c. Identify potential interactions of the material with water and metals. If spilled in water, Hydrogen chloride, (HCI), Sulfur dioxide, (SO2) and Hydrogen sulfide, (H2S) could ne produce in large amounts. d. Summarize potential health hazards and precautionary measures for the first responders to this incident. Health- Corrosive and or toxic inhalation, ingestion or contact to the skin and eyes, because of vapors. Could cause severe burns, injury or even death. Toxic gases will be produced if there is a fire. Fire/ Explosion- Materials may burn but not ignite readily, Toxic gases could accumulate in confined spaces. Potential for containers to explode when heated. Fire- Use dry chemical for small fires. Containers should be removed for the fire area, if possible, but without risk, Large fire- Use water to flood and to knock vapors out. If there is a limited water supply, just knock vapors out. If tanks/ vehicles are involved cool by flooding with water don’t get water inside them though. Spill/ leak- Full protective clothing should be worn. Spilled and damaged containers should not be touched and or removed from the area without the proper PPE. Water should be used to reduce the vapors. Clear the area of combustibles, but do so without any necessary risk. First aid- Notify medical personnel of material involved. Ensure they are aware of all safety procedures and know how to put them in place. If a person inhales/ ingest fumes or vapors do not give them mouth to mouth, use artificial instead. Your response must be at least 200 words in length. 30 points QUESTION 12 1. The two important allotropes of phosphorus are white phosphorus and red phosphorus. Compare their production methods and their potentially dangerous properties. Describe the proper placarding on their transport vehicles and discuss response actions in the event of an accidental release during their transport. Your response must be at least 200 words in length. White phosphorus is a waxy, luminous solid at ambient conditions. The chemical formula of white phosphorus P4. By heating calcium phosphate rock with sand and coke an electric

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furnace white phosphorus is industrially prepared. The white solid is produced by venting the phosphorus vapor form the furnace and condensed under water. The production of phosphorus is denotated as below: 2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s)  6CaSiO3(s) + 10Co(g) + P4(g) Calcium Phosphate + Silicon dioxide + carbon  Calcium silicate +Carbone monoxide + Phosphorus White phosphorus spontaneously ignites when it is exposed to air, since the autoignition temperature is only 86F. Body heat can serve as an autoignition source because of the low autoignition temperature of white phosphorus. Being stored under water or under a blanket of nitrogen helps keep white phosphorus somewhat secure. The vapor of white phosphorus is also very dangerous and can lead to necrosis or prossy jaw, a condition that causes the disfiguring of the jaw if exposure is long-lasting. Burns can be very painful and leave wounds that are very slow to heal. If one wishes to transport white phosphorus, they should have the following: White Phosphorus, Solid UN1381, Phosphorus, White, dry, 4.2, (6.1), PG1 (Poison) Or White Phosphorus, Molten- Hot, UN2447, Phosphorus, white, Molten, 4.2, (6.1), PG 1 (Poison) UN/NA identification number 1381 or 2447 across the center area of SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE placards or within white squared on point diamonds or orange panels that are shown together to SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE placard is required by DOT on transport vehicles. Wet sand is best choice to extinguish white phosphorus, because is tis able to form a blanket over the element. Water has the potential of forming a toxic phosphine. Large fires should be handled in a matter as such by using dikes, unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles from a distance. Breathing phosphorus oxides fumes can cause extreme irritations to the nose, mouth, throat and lungs. Red Phosphorus is a dark red solid whose molecules consist of long chains of P4. P or P ∞ is the chemical formula for red phosphorus. Red phosphorus isn’t as reactive as white and isn’t spontaneous combustible in small amounts. Red phosphorus doesn’t need to be stored in containers under water or under a layer of nitrogen, but just in containers alone. If in bulk red phosphorus is spontaneously combustible. There it is not commonly stored in bulk, because if forms a mixture of tetraphosphoprus hexoxide and tetraphosphorus dexcode. Red phosphorus forms a phosphine when mixed with water just like that of white phosphorus, however red phosphorus is not poisonous. When transportation DOT requires the below on the shipping papers: UN1338, Phosphorus, amorphous, 4.1, PG III. DOT requires markers as such that to identify cargo of amorphous (red) phosphorus, when transporting by train. It would be rare for one to respond to an accident of a bulk quantity of red phosphorus. Although if one was to respond to an accident involving a small quantity, dry sand, foam, or dry chemicals should be used. The reason is because just like white phosphorus, a phosphine is produced when water is applied to burning red phosphorus.