Histotechnology Quiz

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Jun 10, 2024

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Histotechnology Quiz 2.Acetic acid cause swelling of tissue. On the other hand, piric acid, mercuric acid, and ethanol all cause tissue to shrink, Bouin solution, a fixative compound, balance the effects by combining acetic acid with piric acid. When processing delicate specimens using a standard closed tissue processor, dehydration should be done by which of the following methods to minimized tissue distortion? A graded series of reagents of increasing concentration A graded series of reagents of decreasing concentration A single reagent at a single concentration Delicate specimens do not require a dehydration step Dehydration should be done slowly. If the concentration gradient differs significantly between the inside and the outside of the tissue, the resulting diffusion currents could produce cell distortions. This is why slowly replacing the water through a graded series of increasing concetration is necessary to maintain proper structure before clearing and subsequent infiltration with a medium such as paraffin. When orienting a tissue for embedding, which of the following tissues requires special attention to ensure it is cut in the cross section? Brain Liver Fallopian Tubes Muscle biopsies Skin While most tissues are embedded flat, some tissues require special orientation. Tubular structures, such as fallopian tubes, should be embedded in cross section so that the lumen and all layers can be seen. Tissues with an epithelial surface, such as skin, are oriented so that they are cut in a place at right angle to the surface Which of the following should be used for sectioning celloidin? Rotary microtome Sliding microtome

Clinical freezing microtome Retracing microtome Routine paraffin sections and frozen sections cut using a rotary microtome, which is the type found in most cryostats. Sliding microtomes are usesd for cutting celloidin and large paraffin blocks. The clinical freezing microtome, now replaced in most cases by cryostats, is used for preparing frozen sections. Finally, the retracting microtome is used for curring plastic sections. Which of the following is a sign that the section was face too aggressively or quickly? The tissue expands in the water bath The section has numerous holes throughout Some cells are in focus, whereas others are not Chatter, or microscopic vibration, is seen in the section Many problems can occur during microtomy. When sectioned too aggresively, tissues can have a moth- eaten appearance, meaning they have many holes. Brain, live, and lymphnodes are especially prone to this artifact. Other factors that can adversely affect the outcome of tissue sectioning include improper clearance angle of the knife and blade dullness/nicking. Trichrome stains are primarily used to demonstrate which of the following? Endogenous pigments Components of the nervous system such as neurons and astrocytes Differential demonstration of connective tissues such as muscle and collagen fibers Bacterial infections Trichrome stain is a term used to describe techniques that are able to differentiate muscle, collagen fibers, fibrin, and erythrocytess. An example is the Masson Tricrhome stain in which muscle fibers are red, collagen is green, cytoplasm is light red, and nuclei are dark brown. Mayer hematoxylin is chemically ripened with which of the following oxidants Mercuric Oxide Iodine Potassium Iodate

Sodium Iodate Hematoxylin itself is not a stain. It first must be oxidized to become hematin before it can be used as a stain. Hematoxylin can be oxidized naturally through exposure to light and air, but this process can take as long as 3-4 months. Hematoxylin can also be oxidized chemically using sodium iodate or mercuric oxide. Chemical oxidation occurs almost instantaneously. Rhodamine and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) are both exaamples of what? antibodies antigens enzymes fluorochromes Fluorochromes are dyes that an be conjugated to antibodies, which can then be used to fluorescently label specfic targets in tissues or cells by immunohistochemistry. This labelling can then be viewed by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. Which of the following can be used a "blurring" agent for alum hematoxylin when performing an H&E stain? 005% ammonia in distilled water Glacial acetic acid Glycerin Copper Alum hematoxylins stain nuclei red originally. They do not produce the familiar blue color until after the tissue section has been washed in a weak alkali solution. Hard tap water is usually alkaline enough to work, but other reagents that could be used include 0.05% ammonia in distilled water or saturated lithium carbonate. The Von Kossa Stain is used to determine what? The von Kassa stain is an indirect method for detecting calcium in a tissue. the silver reacts with anions of the calcium salts such as phosphate and carbonate. Bright light is then used to reduce the silver salt to metallic silver.

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`` When using the PAS-diastase digestions method, which of the following tissue components is removed by the diastase digestion? Lipids Mucin Fibrin Glycogen The periodic acid-Schiff method is used to stain polysaccharides, mucosubstance, and basement membranes. If a diagnosis requires the differentiation of mucin versus glyogen, the 2 slides are prepared by the same method, but one of them undergoes a diastase digestion before PAS staining. This digestion step removes glycogen from the tissue, thus allowing differentiation of the two tissue compnents upon comparison. How would you prepare 100mL of a 5% solution when you have a 20% solution available? 50mL of the 20% solution + 50mL if distilled water 60mL of the 20% solution + 40mL if distilled water 51mL of the 20% solution + 90mL if distilled water 25mL of the 20% solution + 75mL if distilled water Which of the following can be an explosion hazard? Oxalic acid Liquid Nitrogen Iodine Piric Acid Piric acid can be explosive when dry or when compled with metal; therefore, it must be kept wetted with a minimum of 30% water and must not be stored in metal containers or poured down the sink. Other chemicals that could potentially pose an explosion hazard include benzoyl peroxide and ammoniacal silver solutions. Which of the following dye combinations is used in the classical Papanicolaou stain (Pap stain)?

Methylene blue and eosin Malachite green and safranin Weigert hematoxylin, acid fuchsin, and Light Green SF yellowish Alum-hematoxylin, Orange G, Eosin Y, Light Green SF, and Bismark Brown Y The dyes in the classical Pap stain, are used to stain the following tissue components; hematoxylin stains nluclei orange G stains keratin eosin Y stains superficial squamous cells, nucleoli, erythrocytes, and cilia light green SF stains intermediate squamous cells, parabasal and columnar cells, histiocytes,leukocytes, large- and small-cell carcinomas and cells from adenocarcinomas Bismark brown Y tends to precipitate out of solution resulting in very little to no staining, and is often eliminated from contemporary formulations.