BUSI820DB6-2

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School of Business, Liberty University Faizan Malik Week 6 Discussion Assignment Author Note: Faizan Malik I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Faizan Malik: Fmalik@Liberty.edu Be it our academic path, career, or just work that needs to be done around the house, God has provided us with a plan to navigate challenging situations. In his book, “Every Good Endeavor,” Timothy Keller explores how faith dictates our work and how we can honor God through our work, lessons that can be extended to conducting meaningful and accurate quantitative analysis. These lessons can be used to highlight God’s perspective on the work needed to be done complete quantitative analysis, including how those conducting research can manage their work and handle any issues that may arise, and how we can better honor Him. Keller (2012) explains that work, regardless of its nature, can be demanding and requires a level of sacrifice from those performing the work (Keller, 2012). Quantitative analysis is often a complex and rigorous process, requiring researchers to hold a high level of skill to ensure the accuracy and validity of data within a study, often requiring aspects such as research design, data collection and processing, and interpretation of results. Heinrich et al. (2019) cite three problems that plague modern-day qualitative research: intentionally falsified data, unintended mistakes in the data, and incomplete and thus misleading data (Heinrich et al., 2019). Despite the difficulty associated with conducting meaningful and accurate quantitative analysis, researchers must remember their work extends beyond their study but can make a significant impact on the world and can be used to fulfill God's greater purpose. Keller's perspective reminds us that embracing the challenges of work, such as the demanding nature of quantitative analysis, can lead to personal growth and provide an opportunity to demonstrate our faith and values in the workplace (Keller, 2012). Keller (2012) also emphasizes that work should be meaningful and should be seen as a sacred calling, as God created humans in His image and commissioned them to be stewards of His creation (Keller, 2012). For researchers conducting quantitative analysis, this serves to highlight the significance of their work – both for their fellow man and as a means to honor God. However, as with any career, researchers may encounter potential issues with how they conduct or publish research. For those performing quantitative analysis in particular, many may experience challenges related to limitations with their data and the respective ethical dilemmas that may arise from this. The temptation to take shortcuts or deliver inaccurate results is seen often in researchers, however, in God’s eyes, the process of work is equally as valuable as the results. As such, by upholding ethical standards such as those relating to data integrity,

researchers can demonstrate their commitment to their fellow man and God’s word. To do so, Zyphur et al. (2017) recommend researchers obtain informed consent, protect participant confidentiality, and consider anonymity when handling data, as these can mitigate any ethical dilemmas that may arise (Zyphur et al., 2017). In addition to viewing one’s work as a sacred calling and maintaining one’s integrity through ethical conduct, Keller (2012) highlights the importance of collaboration amongst our peers, as this was God’s intention (Keller, 2012). Such collaboration, according to Keller, fosters a sense of connection among individuals and allows people to leverage their skills, experiences, and perspectives for a common goal (Keller, 2012). In the context of quantitative analysis, collaboration among researchers can lead increase problem-solving capabilities. Katz and Martin (1997) highlight the benefits of collaboration among researchers including increased productivity, improved research quality, enhanced visibility and impact, greater access to resources, and opportunities for learning and development among researchers (Katz & Martin, 1997). Keller (2012) also cites gratitude and contentment as essential virtues that enable individuals to find fulfillment and purpose in their work (Keller, 2012). Similarly, gratitude and contentment amongst researchers can lead to a purpose-driven, impactful, and meaningful approach to quantitative analysis, ultimately honoring God through their dedication and commitment to serving others. By highlighting God’s intention for work, Keller (2012) offers those conducting research and quantitative analysis a means to not only use their work to serve their fellow man but also as a means to honor God. Even the demanding nature of quantitative analysis can be used to serve God’s purpose, as it allows us a caveat for personal growth and provides us a platform to exhibit Christian values in the workplace. By embracing their work as a sacred calling and contributing to the well-being of society, researchers fulfill God's greater purpose and bring glory to His name. References Heinrich, A., Herrmann, F., & Pleines, H. (2019). Transparency and quality assessment of research data in post-Soviet area studies: The potential of an interactive online platform. Journal of Eurasian Studies , 10 (2), 136-146. Katz, J. S., & Martin, B. R. (1997). What is research collaboration?. Research policy, 26(1), 1- 18. Keller, T. (2014). Every good endeavor: Connecting Your Work to God’s Work . Penguin. Morgan, G., Leech, N., Gloeckner, G., Barrett, K. (2020). IBM SPSS for Introductory Statistics (5th Ed.). New York, NY Zyphur, M. J., & Pierides, D. C. (2017). Is quantitative research ethical? Tools for ethically practicing, evaluating, and using quantitative research. Journal of Business Ethics , 143 , 1-16.

Hey Dean, great post! In your post, you stated, “In God’s work of creating the heavens and the earth it was a synchronous harmony of creating variables that work with each other and in each other.” This is an outstanding perspective, as it resonates with the understanding that God is the ultimate designer and sustainer of the universe and can be applied to the work we perform. Keller (2012) explains that we are called to engage in a harmonious interplay of our skills, talents, and efforts, contributing to the greater purpose and betterment of our fellow man (Keller, 2012). The same concept can also be applied to quantitative analysis and the variables within a study, as you mentioned. These variables, which oftentimes represent different attributes or measurements, must be carefully selected by researchers to ensure the accuracy and validity of their study. Chowdhury and Turin (2020) explain that proper variable selection can improve model accuracy by removing non-predictive variables, reducing overfitting, and enhancing model interpretability, making it easier to understand and apply in real-world decision-making scenarios (Chowdhury & Turin, 2020). A harmonious integration can only be achieved by selecting variables that collectively serve to answer research questions or test hypotheses, with researchers needing to balance the simplicity and complexity of each variable. Just as God designed the heavens and the earth with synchronous harmony, researchers must ensure that the variables they include in their analyses work coherently and meaningfully together to yield meaningful results. Keller (2012) also notes that we are called to steward and develop the resources and talents God has given us, as this encourages us to explore new approaches and solutions to the challenges we face, seeking to improve the quality and impact of our work. This philosophy can also be applied to the field of quantitative analysis and research, with many researchers now exploring new approaches for variable selection, as this can aid in enhancing the accuracy and validity of their studies. Wang et al. (2020) cite a new approach known as the SuSiE model, which estimates the effects of multiple variables and can achieve superior accuracy when selecting variables (Wang et al., 2020). Embracing the concept of synchronous harmony in God's creation and seeking innovative approaches to improve accuracy and validity can lead to numerous breakthroughs that benefit all of mankind. Refernces Chowdhury, M. Z. I., & Turin, T. C. (2020). Variable selection strategies and its importance in clinical prediction modelling. Family medicine and community health , 8 (1). Keller, T. (2014). Every good endeavor: Connecting Your Work to God’s Work . Penguin. Morgan, G., Leech, N., Gloeckner, G., Barrett, K. (2020). IBM SPSS for Introductory Statistics (5th Ed.). New York, NY Wang, G., Sarkar, A., Carbonetto, P., & Stephens, M. (2020). A simple new approach to variable selection in regression, with application to genetic fine mapping. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology , 82 (5), 1273-1300.

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A well-designed quantitative analysis is characterized by the harmonious integration of variables that collectively contribute to answering the research question or testing a hypothesis. Researchers strive to find the right balance between simplicity and complexity in their models, ensuring that the chosen variables accurately represent the phenomena under investigation. In doing so, they can reveal meaningful insights and draw valid conclusions from the data. Furthermore, in quantitative analysis, researchers often encounter the challenge of dealing with complex data structures and interactions between variables. Just as God's creation operates in an interconnected manner, researchers must analyze data sets where variables may interact with each other, leading to intricate relationships that demand thorough exploration and interpretation. The principle of synchronous harmony also applies to the ethical considerations in quantitative analysis. Researchers have a responsibility to uphold ethical standards in data collection, analysis, and reporting. This includes obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality, and protecting the rights and well-being of those involved. In doing so, researchers can maintain an ethical and harmonious approach to their work. Additionally, the idea of synchronous harmony encourages researchers to view quantitative analysis as part of a broader scientific endeavor. Collaboration with other researchers and experts in related fields can enhance the understanding and impact of the analysis. Just as God's creation is a grand tapestry of interconnected elements, collaboration allows researchers to combine their expertise and perspectives, leading to more comprehensive and insightful findings.