Effective Data Presentation in Case Studies: Techniques & Impact

BUSI830 Project 4 1 School of Business, Liberty University Faizan Malik Descriptive Case Study Assignment By submitting this assignment, I attest this submission represents my work, and not that of another student, scholar, or internet source. I understand I am responsible for knowing and correctly utilizing referencing and bibliographical guidelines. I have not submitted this work for any other class.

BUSI830 Project 4 2 Abstract How researchers choose to present their findings not only conveys their message to the intended audience, it can also aid in how researchers reach their conclusions. With effective data visualization and analytical techniques, researchers can present their findings in an easily consumable manner, allowing for the researcher’s message to be delivered and the potential for greater influence from the study itself. The presentation of this data, from the order it is presented to how it is visually displayed, ultimately dictates the overall effectiveness of the research.

BUSI830 Project 4 3 Introduction The manner in which researchers display their case study data can impact the clarity of their findings, the overall comprehension of their research, and the degree of persuasiveness amongst peers, as this often acts as the bridge between their raw data and their target audience. To present their data effectively, there are several approaches that researchers can utilize, ranging from those based on chronological order and themes to those that aide in presenting the researcher’s arguments. Researchers may also opt to use various analytics techniques and electronic assistance in conducting their study and presenting data, both acting as a framework to represent their research data. Such techniques can aid in identifying and visualizing patterns that exist within a case study, similar to the way God has presented patterns within his text for us to discern. Array and Display Case Study Data The manner in which researchers display their case study data can influence the clarity of their findings, the comprehensibility of their research, the persuasiveness of their arguments, and ultimately, the impact and applicability of their study's conclusions for both the academic community and practical stakeholders. How researchers choose to present their data can also act as an intermediary between their raw data and the meaningful insights they wish to publish. As such, the overall display of data can ultimately influence the success and effectiveness of their case study research. To aid in this, Yin (2018) outlines several approaches for researchers to display their case study data including chronological order, thematic order, analytical order, and visual displays (Yin, 2018). Chronological order, in which researchers display their data according to the timeline in which they occurred, allows data to be presented in a manner that is aligned with the natural order of events and essentially creates a narrative for the study.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

BUSI830 Project 4 4 Researchers can communicate the natural progress of the phenomena being studied, allowing for a deeper understanding of how the study unfolded. Such case studies carry the benefits of allowing researchers to identify patterns or trends amongst data over time, comprehend the evolution of various changes over time, and understand the relationship between various events over time (Rainer, 2011). Widdersheim (2018) argues that chronological case studies are particularly well-suited for diachronic analysis, such as the evolution of languages, and allow researchers to "trace the evolution of a phenomenon over time and to identify the key factors that have contributed to its development (Widdersheim, 2018). Thematic order, often referred to as categorical ordering, is an approach in which researchers organize data by grouping related into themes (or categories) and then relying on visual aids such as tables or diagrams to represent the respective themes. To utilize this approach, researchers must first identify the themes that exist amongst their data through a multistep process of data familiarization, initial code generation, and identification, review, and naming of themes (Dawadi, 2021). In this approach, as explained by Dawadi, researchers must first meticulously review all data for a more holistic understanding and then break down the data into smaller and more manageable data, from which they can refine and utilize the categorized data for their research (Dawadi, 2021). According to Lawless and Chen (2019), thematic ordering proves especially beneficial in the context of critical thematic analysis, in which a study concentrates on the identification and examination of power dynamics and social disparities and allows researchers to understand how each is manifested in different ways throughout the case (Lawless & Chen, 2019). Analytic order structures data in a manner that aligns with the overall goals of the study, allowing researchers to create a logical connection between their data and the audience’s comprehension of the phenomena being investigated. Sale (2022) explains that analytic order allows researchers to organize data in a

BUSI830 Project 4 5 manner that enables them to clear and compelling “stories,” while also highlighting the most significant findings from their research (Sale, 2022). However, many advise that researchers be wary of such approaches as a potential for reduced analytical flexibility arises once data has been structured in an analytical manner, which also increases the risk for bias in which researchers may be tempted to order the data in a way that supports their preconceived hypotheses leading to biased results (Baldwin et al., 2022). Regardless of approach, Yin (2018) explains that researchers can utilize visual displays, or graphical representations, to present case study data, and convey complex information, patterns, and relationships from their study (Yin, 2018). How to Detect Patterns, Insights, and Concepts To detect patterns, gain insights, and develop concepts, Yin (2018) explains that researchers must re-compet justifications and explore different data modalities. arrange and reconstruct their various data sources, with the goal being to understand what phenomena are observed and why they occur (Yin, 2018). To begin, researchers develop a foundation for their case study including case descriptions, competing justifications, and various data modalities. To do so, one recommendation involves using electronic tools, such as software programs, that generate arrays from the collected data. Arrays, or the arrangement of data into rows and columns, provide researchers with the benefit of efficient storage of data, especially when dealing with large datasets, by storing data types in contiguous memory blocks (Harris et al., 2020). Another recommendation is data visualization, a technique that enables researchers to arrange and present their data in a format that facilitates the identification of patterns and trends, allowing researchers to communicate and validate their findings effectively through various means, including tables, matrices, charts, graphs, diagrams, or textual displays (Mezmir, 2020).

BUSI830 Project 4 6 Patterns can also be discerned in the words of God, as conveyed through the scriptures He has bestowed upon us, signaling His desire for us to pay close attention to His message. These patterns may not always be readily apparent but tend to become evident through prolonged reflection upon His teachings. One such recurring pattern underscores His intention for us to cultivate independent thinking and action. Romans 12:2 states, “Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect” and Colossians 3:2 states, “Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth” (The Holy Bible NIV, 2011). Both lines of scripture encourage us to break free from conformity to worldly norms and values, urging us to undergo a transformative process of renewing our minds through the renewing of one's mind and setting it on heavenly matters. God’s intention for our independent thinking is also echoed by Keller (2012), who emphasizes that humans are called to work and be creative in their vocations, reflecting God's image as creators, by using their skills, intellect, and creativity to make a positive impact in the world (Keller, 2012). Generic Analytical Strategies and Analytical Techniques To establish a well-defined research path, Yin (2018) outlines four fundamental analytical strategies, which involve grounding the study in theoretical claims, conducting a thorough examination of the data from its foundational elements, constructing a comprehensive case description, and considering potential alternative interpretations (Yin, 2018). Researchers are to begin existing theoretical frameworks, followed by a bottom-up data examination to unveil emerging patterns, subsequently constructing a robust case description to underpin further analysis, and, importantly, scrutinizing competing interpretations to to avoid instances of bias. Yin (2018) also provides five generical analytical strategies strategies for researchers including

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

BUSI830 Project 4 7 explanation building, time-series analysis, logic models, and cross-case synthesis (Yin, 2018). Pattern matching calls for researchers to compare the expected patterns for the phenomena they are studying to the actual patterns identified in their research, which allows researchers to understand if their data aligns with the theoretical expectations or potentially reveal discrepancies that may also lead to valuable insights (Sinkovics, 2018). In explanation building, researchers develop explanations for the phenomenon being studied through explanatory frameworks through a multifaceted process of identification, reviewing established literature, collecting and analyzing data, developing and refining theories, testing theories, and repeating steps until a satisfactory explanation has been developed (Dolbec et al., 2021). Time-series analysis involves researchers collecting data points over various time periods, an approach best suited for studies focusing on understanding phenomena over time. In logical modeling, researchers use deductive reasoning to make sense of the data and to identify concepts or patterns that may emerge. Mills et al. (2019) provide context for a new type of logic model, referred to as Type 4, based on the principles of recognizing interventions are adaptive and context-dependent, focusing on the interaction between the intervention and its context, allowing for feedback loops and emergent outcomes, and using an iterative model that is revised if new evidence becomes available (Mills et al., 2019). Finally, cross-case synthesis involves comparing and contrasting patterns, themes, and insights across different cases, which provides the benefits of comparative insights, generalizability of findings, identification of best practices and challenges, and enhanced research validity (Meinert et al., 2019). Descriptive Case Study The proposed case study will explore a new telehealth initiative in Researchtopia, a remote and underserved region in the rural mountains of Pakistan, to showcase the profound

BUSI830 Project 4 8 impact telehealth can have on rural healthcare delivery. The objectives of the study are to examine the inception and development of the telehealth initiative in Researchtopia, analyze the technological and logistical aspects of implementing such services in a remote region, and assess the impact and challenges of the healthcare delivery system. The study would utilize pattern matching to compare outcomes between those receiving telehealth services and those receiving traditional care, from which they could build an explanation that elucidates the causal relationships between those receiving telehealth care and their outcomes. Time-series analysis could also be implemented to understand the impact of the new healthcare delivery over a five- year period. Potential findings would likely indicate the introduction of telehealth services has enhanced the remote regions’ access to health time, reduced travel times, and improved patient outcomes, which could be displayed through various display measures such as tables showing travel times, graphs comparing outcomes, and various other narratives to provide further context. Researchers should also discuss challenges incurred by those using telehealth services, such as those related to connectivity, which can be used to provide additional areas for future research. Conclusion The representation of data in a case study can ultimately dictate the overall influence of the research, as proper visualization of data can distinguish between research that is easily consumed and research that may be challenging to comprehend. Through the use of strategies outlined by Yin (2018) and others, researchers have multiple options for displaying their case study data and the ability to choose which approach best delivers their study’s message. Regardless of approach, researchers aim to identify trends that exist within their data, as this allows for enhanced insight and the potential for great influence. The various techniques and frameworks that exist for identifying and presenting one’s data can significantly impact how

BUSI830 Project 4 9 effectively research findings are communicated and understood by both academic and practical audiences, ultimately dictating the research's overall influence and applicability.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

BUSI830 Project 4 10 References Baldwin, J., Pingault, J., Schoeler, T., Sallis, H. M., & Munafò, M. R. (2022). Protecting against researcher bias in secondary data analysis: challenges and potential solutions. European Journal of Epidemiology , 37 (1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00839-0 Dawadi, S. (2021). Thematic analysis approach: A step by step guide for ELT research practitioners. Journal of NELTA , 25 (1-2), 62-71. Dolbec, P. Y., Fischer, E., & Canniford, R. (2021). Something old, something new: Enabled theory building in qualitative marketing research. Marketing Theory , 21 (4), 443-461. Harris, C. R., Millman, K. J., Van Der Walt, S. J., Gommers, R., Virtanen, P., Cournapeau, D., ... & Oliphant, T. E. (2020). Array programming with NumPy. Nature , 585 (7825), 357-362. Keller, T. (with Alsdorf, K. L.) (2012). Every Good Endeavor. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton. ISBN: 9780525952701. Lawless, B., & Chen, Y. W. (2019). Developing a method of critical thematic analysis for qualitative communication inquiry. Howard Journal of Communications , 30 (1), 92-106. Meinert, E., Alturkistani, A., Foley, K. A., Brindley, D., & Car, J. (2019). Examining cost measurements in production and delivery of three case studies using e-learning for applied health sciences: Cross-case synthesis. Journal of Medical Internet Research , 21 (6), e13574. Mills, T., Lawton, R., & Sheard, L. (2019). Advancing complexity science in healthcare research: the logic of logic models. BMC medical research methodology , 19 (1), 1-11.

BUSI830 Project 4 11 Rainer, A. (2011). The longitudinal, chronological case study research strategy: A definition, and an example from IBM Hursley Park. Information & Software Technology , 53 (7), 730– 746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2011.01.003 Sale, J. (2022). The role of analytic direction in qualitative research. BMC Medical Research Methodology , 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-022-01546-4 Sinkovics, N. (2018). Pattern matching in qualitative analysis. The sage handbook of qualitative business and management research methods , 468-485. The Holy Bible, New International Version. (2011). Blue Letter Bible. https://www.blueletterbible.org/niv/index.cfm (Original work published 1973) Widdersheim, M. M. (2018). Historical case study: A research strategy for diachronic analysis. Library & Information Science Research , 40 (2), 144-152. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods, (6 th edition). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. ISBN: 9781506336169.

MalikFProject#4

Related Documents